• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.256-263
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• 2023

Objective: Feed molecular structures can affect its availability to gastrointestinal enzymes which impact its digestibility and absorption. The molecular spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is an advanced technique that measures the absorbance of chemical functional groups on the infrared region so that we can identify and quantify molecules and functional groups in a feed. The program aimed to reveal the association of intrinsic molecular structure with nutrient supply to animals from canola feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing. The objective of this study was to characterize special intrinsic carbohydrate and protein-related molecular structure spectral profiles of feedstock and co-products (meal and pellets) from bio-oil processing from two source origins: Canada (CA) and China (CH). Methods: The samples of feedstock and co-products were obtained from five different companies in each country arranged by the Canola Council of Canada (CCC). The molecular structure spectral features were analyzed using advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy-ATR-FTIR. The spectral features that accessed included: i) protein-related spectral features (Amide I, Amide II, α-helix, β-sheet, and their spectral intensity ratios), ii) carbohydrate-related spectral features (TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4, CEC, STC1, STC2, STC3, STC4, TC, and their spectral intensity ratios). Results: The results showed that significant differences were observed on all vibrationally spectral features related to total carbohydrates, structural carbohydrates, and cellulosic compounds (p<0.05), except spectral features of TC2 and STC1 (p>0.05) of co-products, where CH meals presented higher peaks of these structures than CA. Similarly, it was for the carbohydrate-related molecular structure of canola seeds where the difference between CA and CH occurred except for STC3 height, CEC and STC areas (p>0.05). The protein-related molecular structures were similar for the canola seeds from both countries. However, CH meals presented higher peaks of amide I, α-helix, and β-sheet heights, α-helix:β-sheet ratio, total amide and amide I areas (p<0.05). Conclusion: The principal component analysis was able to explain over 90% of the variabilities in the carbohydrate and protein structures although it was not able to separate the samples from the two countries, indicating feedstock and coproducts interrelationship between CH and CA.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.827-830
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• 2008

Enterococcus는 fecal indicator bacterium의 하나로서 환경내에서 fecal contamination을 탐지 하는 지표로서 사용되며, 현재 각 Enterococcus spp. 의 서로 다른 당 분해능을 이용한 분별법이 개발되었으며, 이를 위해 서로 다른지역의 소, 돼지, 닭, 오리 그리고 사람으로 부터 총 1826의 Enterococcus 샘플을 획득 하였음. 이 연구는 Enterococcus를 통해 microbial source tracking 의 가능성을 제시하고 있음.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2001

배양환경을 달리하여 생산한 3가지의 유묘 (타가영양묘, 혼합영양묘, 자가영양묘)를 대상으로 잎의 형태적 특성 및 탄수화물 함량 등을 비교 분석한 결과, 온실묘, 자가영양묘와 혼합영양묘는 하표피층에 왁스의 결정형이 관찰되었으나 타가영양묘에서도 관찰되지 않았다. 기공수와 크기에 있어서는 타가영양묘가 자가영양묘에 비하여 기공이 크고 많았다. 특히, 자가영양묘의 기공형태와 크기는 온실에서 자란 유묘와 거의 유사하였다. 식물체의 탄수화물함량은 자가영양묘가 혼합영양과 타가영양묘에 비하여 많았으며 유리당도 역시 자가영양묘가 가장 많았고 모든 배양묘에서 glucose의 함량이 가장 많았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2000

Two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), Hwa-seongbyeo of Japonica type and Taebackbyeo of Indica/Japonica type, were cultivated with hydroponic culture to examine nitrogen effects on the growth responses, contents and utilizations of carbohydrates, and the ripening velocity of grains with three different N levels. Plant height and tiller number were clearly increased to 80 ppm N level compared to 40 ppm N level and then they were slightly decreased in N level of 120 ppm. Higher dry weights were appeared with 80 ppm N level than did with other N levels, showing statistically differences in both cultivars and N levels, while dry weight of roots was heavier with decreasing the N levels. Therefore, T/R ratios were not significantly different among N levels, although there was statistically differences between rice cultivars. After the flowering stage, higher water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and water-insoluble carbohydrate (WISC) were contained in stem compared with other parts, showing that WISC of sheath and stem, unlike WSC, was significantly different among N levels. Starch of grain, WISC, was remarkedly increased from 3.0% at just after the flowering to 52.0% and 75.0% at 15 and 30 day after the flowering, respectively, showing that lower N application had faster accumulation of starch in rice grains. N would affect the contents of carbohydrates of each tissue, and starch accumulation in rice grains.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.584-593
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• 2021

2020 한국인 영양소 섭취기준에서 탄수화물은 만성질환 예방을 위한 섭취기준으로 총 에너지 섭취량에 대한 탄수화물로부터의 에너지 섭취비율인 에너지적정비율을 1세 이후 모든 연령에서 55-65%로설정하였다. 그리고 2020년에 처음으로 탄수화물의 평균필요량과 권장섭취량을 설정하였다. 인체의 탄수화물 필요량은 뇌에서 하루에 소비되는 포도당량과 케톤체 생성이 나타나지 않는 양을 기준으로 1세 이후 모든 연령에서 1일 100 g을 설정하고, 권장섭취량은 15% 변이계수를 사용하여 두 배의 변이계수를 더한 130 g/일로 설정하였다. 탄수화물의 평균필요량은 최소필요량의 개념이지 에너지원으로서 적절한 섭취량에 대한 개념은 아니므로 탄수화물의 영양소섭취상태를 평가할 경우에는 평균필요량이나 권장섭취량에 비교하는 것은 적절하지 않고, 에너지적정비율을 활용하여 탄수화물로부터의 에너지 섭취비율의 적절성을 평가하는 것이 적절하다. 탄수화물은 에너지 적정비율범위에서 섭취할 때 만성질환의 위험을 낮출 수 있으며, 이를 탄수화물의 양뿐만 아니라 급원도 고려하는 식생활에 활용해야 할 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study was to revise the target pattern in food guidance system for adolescents' balanced menu planning. Methods: The food groups in the target pattern were divided into detailed food items, and intake number were assigned to each food items based on the revised standard food composition table. The validity of revised target pattern was examined. Menu planning according to the revised target pattern was made available to 305 male and female middle school students and the nutritional assessment of the menu plan were carried out using SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The energy contents, energy contribution ratios of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and 4 minerals' and 6 vitamins' contents of the revised target pattern were adequate. The average energy contents of the menu planned according to revised target pattern were 400~500 kcal higher than that of the revised target pattern when the revised standard food composition was applied. The energy contribution ratios of fat were 28.9%, close to maximum of acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) (30%), and that of carbohydrate were 54.5%, lower than minimum of AMDR (55%). The nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0. According to index of nutritional quality (INQ) of food items, kimchi, milk dairy products, and soybean curd were energy efficient source for calcium, kimchi, fruit, vegetable and seaweed were energy efficient source for vitamin C, with INQ of food items were higher or close to 2.0. Kimchi was the best energy efficient source of calcium and vitamin C. Conclusions: Revised target pattern based on the adolescent's foods intake was not good enough for balanced menu planning by adolescents, because what they ate and what they wanted to eat were very much different. Detailed guidance for food selection is necessary in each food items.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution and exposure prevalence of total carbohydrate intake and the carbohydrate-based foods such as rice, noodles, sweet potatoes, sweet drinks, milk and fruits and to characterize intake patterns among obese Korean adults. Methods: Subjects included 137,363 adults aged 40 years or older who participated in a Health Examinees (HEXA) Study. Multiple regression analysis of data from Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) identified food sources of carbohydrates. Weight, height and waist circumstance (WC) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity was defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ and abdominal obesity as $WC{\geq}90cm$ and ${\geq}85cm$ for males and females, respectively. Results: Obese adults appeared to have a higher total carbohydrate intake in the univariate analysis but had eaten less after adjustment for general and lifestyle factors, compared to normal weight adults (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.82 for general obesity; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.85, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively). Based on advance analysis for the food sources of carbohydrates, obese subjects had lower intake of rice (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68 -1.09 for general obesity; OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.67-1.13, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively) and higher intake of noodles (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16-1.27 for general obesity; OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.32, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001 respectively). With regard to other food sources of carbohydrates such as milk and fruits, intake was lower among obese compared to normal weight subjects. Conclusions: In the Korean middle-aged and older obesity groups, the intake of carbohydrates and the related foods was lower than in normal weight subjects, except for noodles. We conclude that a higher intake of noodles may enhance weight-gain. Therefore, this study suggested that the guidelines should consider the types of carbohydrate sources and the amount consumed from foods in order to provide proper guidance with regard to control and prevent obesity among Korean adults.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1995년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.14-15
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• 1995

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.10-13
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• 1995

Butanol can be manufactured by chemical synthesis or by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrate-containing materials. Today the principal commercial source of n-butanol is n-butyraldehyde, obtained from the Oxo reaction of propylene. When crude oil price was sky-rocketed in late 70's and subsequently the price of petrochemical products raised, butanol production from renewable resources such as agricultural and forestry products once gained research interests.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.352-355
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• 2000

Production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans HP-2001 with agro-industrial byproducts was investigated. Agro-industrial byproducts from the rice processing industry for the traditional Korean food (AIB-A), apple juice production (AIB-B), and soybean sauce production (AIB-C) were used for carbon and nitrogen source for production of pullulan. Major components of AIB-A were glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and dextran. AIB-A and B were found to be good substitute to glucose as carbon source. Productivity of pullulan with AIB-A and B as carbon source was similar to that glucose. Molecular weight of pullulan produced with AIB-A and B was higher than that with glucose. Major components of AIB-B and C were carbohydrate, protein, fat and ash. AIB-C was also a good substitute to yeast extract as nitrogen source. Some of physiological conditions were examined for the large scale production of pullulan.