• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2015

Providing various levels of difficulty of game play is one of important considerations in game development. In this paper, we propose a method for obtaining the challenges that will be placed on the track of an one-player car driving game. Herein challenges denote obstacles on the track, and the level of difficulty is represented by an estimated time needed for driving one lap of the track. In the proposed method, the problem for finding challenge placement is modeled as an IP(Integer Programming) one, and then LP relaxation and Simultaneous Annealing are employed to find a solution. To the experiment with the proposed method, we can obtain challenge placements to approximately meet given target driving times. Also, after practically driving on the track where those obtained challenges are being placed, it is seen that the average driving times approximate the target driving times of those challenge placements. Our method can allow game play with various levels of difficulty so that the users' interest and the level of immerse are expected to be raised.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.169-178
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• 2022

In this article, the narrative strategy of Ryusuke Hamaguchi's is researched focusing on multi-layered intertextuality. is framed in the form of a 'story in a story that embraces a story', and the recognition of intertextuality has an important meaning in examining the storytelling strategy of . Because this movie was adapted from the short stories from Haruki's , the various stories included in the film overlap to form the overall narrative. Therefore, in order to understand properly, it is important to understand the organic semantic relationship between the texts in the movie. Understanding the narrative of is also the process of interconnecting textual content of multiple texts included in the film. In , the dream story told by Otto, Gafuku's wife, the main character, and in the play are elaborately linked to the narrative of the entire film in layers and three dimensions with text in a frame. Hamaguchi reinforces the need for the audience through the intertextual narrative strategy of . In addition, the metaphor and personalized space of contributes to the effective delivering the narrative of healing to the audience.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2014

In this paper, we present our analysis of tribological failure examples for an anti-lock brake system(ABS) in a car. The study range of this paper is to improve the quality of ABS system by analyzing with sensor, computer, actuator and oil lines. In the first example, the brake leak from hydraulic supply line in a caliper on the rear left side of the ABS hydraulic modulator. This produces the sponge phenomenon, where the car does not brake even when the driver operates the brake pedal. The hydraulic unit operating ABS is actuator that play role regulating drive condition according with the oil pressure supplied with wheel of a car. In the second example, the service man does not completely tighten the fixed bolt after repairing the car. This causes the ABS warning lamp to light up as the ABS wheel speed sensor cannot detect whether the ABS has been activated. In the third example, the ABS electronic control unit is separated from the soldered part of the inner circuit board. Consequently, the ABS fails in control because the ABS motor pump receives no-signal for the hydraulic unit. The wheel speed sensor has to large durability because of giving signal of acting condition to computer by detected the acceleration and deceleration of wheel of a car. In the fourth example, the ABS warning lamp lights up of when cracks propagate in the circuit board soldering part. The circuit of this computer is very important part for input and output the operating signal of system. Such failures can aggravate the durability of the ABS. Thus, the ABS needs to be optimized to eliminate malfunction phenomenon.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2011

In car refinishing, the paint film characteristics of clear coat play an important role in appearance quality. Thus, Primarily in this research, the variance of brightness with the change of the thickness of paint film is investigated. Besides, as changing the thickness of paint film, the correlation between surface leveling(which is one of appearance characteristics) is investigated in this research. Throughout this investigation, we come to know that the increase of clear coat paint film thickness leads the improvement of appearance characteristics within specific range of thickness. Furthermore, the fact that too thick paint film does not increase the brightness or appearance characteristic any more is known. The optimum thickness of clear coat film for the best and appearance characteristics is derived from this research and more efficient way of determining optimum thickness of paint film is found. Particularly, haze value and waviness have more influence on vividness than brightness. Throughout all experiments, the appearance characteristics are much better at painted horizontally than vertically. These results are derived due to the facts that to obtain the same paint film thickness at painted vertically with painted horizontally is difficult and the way of vertical painting is different from horizontal painting. Therefore, the improvement of vertical painting and horizontal painting are required.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.89-94
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• 2003

Rolling stock structures such as bogie frame and car body play an important role for the support of vehicle leading. In general, more than 25 years' durability is needed for them. A lot of study has been carried out for the prediction of the fatigue life of the bogie frame and car body in experimental and theoretical domains. One of the new methods is a probabilistic fatigue lift evaluation. The objective of this paper is to estimate the fatigue lift of the bogie frame of an electric car, which was developed by the Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI). We used two approaches. In the first approach probabilistic distribution of S-N curve and limit state function of the equivalent stress of the measured stress spectra are used. In the second approach, limit state function is also used. And load spectra measured by strain gauges are approximated by the two-parameter Weibull distribution. Other probabilistic variables are represented by log-normal and normal distributions. Finally, reliability index and structural integrity of the bogie frame are estimated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.2426-2436
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• 1993

Vibration characteristics of a tire play an important role to judge a ride conformability and sound quality for a passenger car. In this study, the experimental investigation for the sound radiation of a radial tire has been examined. Based on the sound intensity techniques, the sound pressure field and the sound radiation are measured. It turns out that air pressure in tire, tread patterns, and aspect ratio of the tire govern the sound radiation characteristics. Then a numerical analysis for the tire element is conducted. During analysis, the tire element is modelled as an elastic ring. The comparison shows that the numerical output correlates to the experimental data.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out the residents' attitudes for the shared community space (SCS) according to various housing sizes (60㎠, 85㎠, 102㎠, 135㎠). The major findings are as follows: 1) The residents' overall trends for the SCS showed that the satisfaction rate and requirement rate according to housing size didn't show a significant difference, but there was a considerable difference among the using rates for each category of housing sizes. 2) The kinds of common facilities that residents required were recreational facilities, car-wash facilities, children's play centers, facilities for separation/sanitation for garbage and recyclable materials and lounging facilities in that order. The common facilities that require tenant-management were recreational facilities, car-wash facilities and lounging facilities in that order. The common facilities that require participation in tenant-management were study/reading facilities, recreational facilities and hobby/lecture facilities in that order. 3) With regard to the residents' needs, the tenant-management and participation in it, the kinds of common facilities were differentiated according to housing size (60㎠, 85㎠, 102㎠, 135㎠).

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5669-5684
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• 2018

The new mobile edge network architecture has been required for an increasing amount of traffic, quality requirements, advanced driver assistance system for autonomous driving and new cloud computing demands on highway. This article proposes a hierarchical cloud computing architecture to enhance performance by using adaptive data load distribution for buses that play the role of edge computing server. A vehicular dynamic cloud is based on wireless architecture including Wireless Local Area Network and Long Term Evolution Advanced communication is used for data transmission between moving buses and cars. The main advantages of the proposed architecture include both a reduction of data loading for top layer cloud server and effective data distribution on traffic jam highway where moving vehicles require video on demand (VOD) services from server. Through the description of real environment based on NS-2 network simulation, we conducted experiments to validate the proposed new architecture. Moreover, we show the feasibility and effectiveness for the connected car media service on highway.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.135-138
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• 2012

The article suggests criteria of dividing transport systems into systems of limited and open access. Possibilities of implementing principles of the open access in conjunction with the adaptive control at the railway transport have been analyzed. The author makes a grounded conclusion that the development of transport systems based on the open access and adaptive control can play a positive role in overcoming the global instability of the economy and form prerequisites of its stable grows.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.29-52
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• 2023

Objective: This research aims to examine the effect of a young children's engineering-focused STEAM program based on the project approach - a program that constructs components aligned with children's interests in their play through an engineering design process - on their scientific inquiry ability, mathematical problem-solving ability, and creativity. Methods: In this research, 42 five-year-old children from a public kindergarten in S district, I city, were randomly divided into experimental and comparative groups, each with 21 children. The engineering-focused STEAM program was conducted from April 18 to June 10, 2022, with the experimental group exploring the 'car' theme and the comparison group focusing on a different theme. The study employed an independent sample t-test and analysis of covariance(ANCOVA), using the pretest as a covariate to control variables. Results: The children-selected 'cars' themed engineering-focused STEAM program was effective in enhancing their scientific inquiry ability, mathematical problem-solving ability and creativity. Conclusion/Implications: The engineering-focused STEAM program, which emerges from young children's interesting daily play, had positive effects on enhancing their scientific inquiry ability, mathematical problem-solving ability, and creativity. This research can serve as fundamental data for developing education programs focused on engineering within the STEAM framework, guided by children's emergent play.