• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2009년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.165-166
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 자동차 운반선의 여러 해상운송계획 중 stowage planning의 최적화를 위한 모형 및 해법을 연구하고자 한다. 이는 향후 연구를 통해 기존에 연구되었던 vessel allocation 및 voyage planning 모형과 함께 자동차 운반선의 통합 해상운송계획 모형을 개발하는 데 활용될 계획이다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2012

The most of international shipping cargoes are transported by ship and the shipping market has been continuously increasing. However, due to the recent global recession, the volume of trade decreased accordingly, and the competition between shippers to gain a competitive advantage in the shipping market continues deepening. To do this, researches on transportation costs savings as well as ways to improve customer service are needed and recently related researches are being pursued. Car carriers which transport more than 80% of car import and export volume in the world also make a lot of effort in order to reduce transportation costs, but in contrast related researches are seldom fulfilled. In this study, we developed an agent system that supports the efficient transportation of car carriers plan so that the car carriers can increase competitiveness through reduction of the logistics costs. To make this, we researched an algorithm for maritime transportation planning, and also developed a prototype of an agent system which can collect the necessary information in real time and establish a dynamic plan.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2024

초대형 자동차운반선(LCTC)의 높이는 선저에서 조타실까지 약 44~46m에 이르며, 자동차운반선이 대형화될수록 상부 무게가 하부 무게보다 무거운 중두선의 특징을 가진다. 이 연구는 선회 중 전도한 자동차운반선 골든 레이호(G호)의 최대 외방경사각을 추정하여 사고 원인 규명과 유사사고 방지에 목적이 있다. 이론식으로 계산된 최대 외방경사각은 GM이 +3.0m 이상 상황에서 7.5°(19kn, 타각 35°), GM이 +1.85m인 상황에서 16.7°였다. 실험에 의한 수정식으로 계산한 최대 외방경사각은 GM이 +3.0m 이상 상황에서 10.5°(19kn, 타각 35°), GM이 +1.85m인 상황에서 23.3°를 보였다. G호는 전도사고 당시 도선사의 지시에 따라 속력 13kn, 우현 타각(10°→20°)을 사용하여 침로 038°(T)에서 105°(T)로 변침 중이었다. 이 때 최대 외방경사각은 좌현으로 7.8° 내지 10.9°로 추정된다. 평상 시 외방경사각보다 2.2배 높은 수치이다. 화물선의 최소 GoM은 IS coded에서 +0.15m 이상을 요구하고 있다. 전도된 G호도 +1.72m GoM을 확보하고 있었다. GoM에 대한 기준 미달이 전도의 원인이 아니라, 선회 중 횡경사 모멘트에 대응할 수 있는 충분한 GoM을 확보하지 않아 전도된 것이다. 이 연구는 중앙해양안전심판원과 USCG의 사고 조사 결과를 뒷받침한다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.334-335
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• 2022

국내 자동차운반선 운영 선사 중 일부 선사에서 컴퓨터에 설치하여 실행되는 선적계획시스템을 도입하여 운영 중이며, 대다수 선사는 Excel 등의 문서로 선적계획을 수행 중이다. 자동차운반선 대상 화물 선적계획 과정을 다수 사용자가 더 효율적으로 계획시스템을 활용할 수 있도록 웹서비스 기술을 활용한 연구이다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.442-449
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• 2024

자동차운반선의 목포신항 도선 비율이 증가하고 있으며, 선박이 대형화되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 목포신항에 입항하는 7,500 unit 자동차운반선의 안전한 접이안을 위한 예선의 소요마력을 산출하기 위해 풍압력과 유압력을 계산하였다. 목포신항 자동차부두는 부두로부터 1.0 km 떨어진 지점에서 최대 창조류와 최대 낙조류가 각각 1.6 kts와 0.7 kts이며, 조류가 최대인 조건에서는 '낙조류와 서풍'인 경우의 일부 구간에서만 예선사용기준을 만족하고 나머지 상황에서는 만족하지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다. 조류가 0.5 kts인 조건에서는 '낙조류와 동풍'인 경우 외력의 방향이 상호 일치하여 작용한 일부 구간에서 예선사용기준을 만족하고, '창조류와 서풍'인 경우에는 풍속 18 kts 이상에서 만족하지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한, 조류가 없는 상황에서는 풍속이 21 kts 이상이 되면 현행 예선사용기준을 만족하지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 목포신항에 입항하는 70,000 G/T 전후의 대형 자동차운반선은 선박의 접이안 시점을 유속 0.5 kts 미만인 시점으로 계획하거나, 조류가 0.5 kts 이상인 경우와 풍속이 20 kts를 초과할 경우에는 예선의 사용마력을 적절히 상향해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2005

The case, Papera Traders Co. Ltd. and Others v. Hyundai Merchant Marine Co. Ltd and Another(The Eurasian Dream), was occurred on July, 1998 when the ISM Code became mandatory under SOLAS and from that date it applied to oil tankers, chemical tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers and cargo high-speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and above. On July 23, 1998, a fire started on the deck of pure car carrier Eurasian Dream while in port at Sharjah. The source of fuel was the stevedores action of pouring petrol or transferring fuel in some way - refueling or pouring into a carburettor. The fire eventually destroyed or damaged the vessels cargo of new and second-hand vehicles and rendered the vessel itself a constructive total loss. Justice Cresswell held that the fire that destroyed or damaged the cargo was due to the unseaworthiness of the vessel they have the burden of proving that the vessel was unseaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage and that the loss or damage was caused by that unseaworthiness. This case was a dispute between dependent and claimant alleging that the carrier should provide "properly man, equip and supply the ship and keep the ship so manned" under Hague-Visby Rules. Although ISM code was not officially applied to the carriage by car carriers until July 2002, a rule based on the code had customarily been employed as a mean for international dispute resolution. Examining the above case closely, the purpose of this study is to explore the relation of ship management and obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthy.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 1978

Consider a time interval during which the demand for trips is fixed (e.g. the rush hour period). The traveller has a choice between various public modes, whose travel times and fares are fixed, and the automobile mode, for which travel time and cost depend on the volume of traffic flow on those roads, which are subject to congestion. We consider the equilibrium in terms of a representative travellerm, who choses for any trip the mode and route with the least combined money and time cost. When several (parallel) model or routes are chosen, then the combined cost of money and time must be equal among these. Our problem is first, to find the optimal flows of cars and of public mode carriers on the various links of their networks and second the optimal fares for trips by the variousmodes. The object is to minimize the total operating costs of the carriers and car plus the total time costs to travellers. The optimal fares are related to, but not identical with the dual variables of the underlying Nonlinear Program. They are equal to these dual variables only in the case, when congestion tolls on trips or on the use of specific roads are collected from automobile users. When such tolls are not collected, they must be passed on as subsidies to travellers using competing modes. The optimal fares of public modes are then reduced by the amounts of these subsidies. Note that subsidies are not a flat payment to public carriers, but are calculated on the basis of tickets sold. Fares and subsidies depend in general on tile period considered. They will be higher during periods of higher demand. When the assumption of fixed trip demand is relaxed, this tare system is no longer best, but only second best since too much traffic will, in general, be generated. The Free Rider Theorem states the following : Suppose road tolls can be charged, so that a best pricing system for public modes is posssible. Then there may exist free rides on some routes and modes, but never on a complete round trip.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2019

Yearly world vehicle production has continued to increase, and the global seaborne trade volumes also are recovering. Based on these positive trends, as demand for cargo ships increases in the freight transportation market, Pure car and truck carriers (PCTCs) with large gaps between decks continue to be ordered. The structural analysis of the cargo hold was performed in order to confirm its structural safety in accordance with the guidance for the direct strength assessment of the Korean Register (KR) of Shipping. And, according to the type of cargo, the maximum deflection and structurally weak area that occurred in deck 5 was confirmed. Also, it was found that the weight of the cargo had a significant effect on the deck, the primary members of the deck's structure, and pillars. The results of the structural analysis conducted in this study were added to the existing cargo load planning software. This was done so that the prediction of the maximum stress and the deflection of the deck based on the information about the cargo could be confirmed quickly. In addition, the data will be used as the basic data for rapid information management response to changes in cargo items.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

최근에 들어서 운전자에게 이동의 기능 뿐 아니라 주행의 즐거움을 줄 수 있는 차량이 요구되는 추세이다. 기존의 차량은 증가되는 차량대수에 교통시설과 주차시설 확충에 어려움이 있어 사회적 문제가 되기도 한다. 현재의 사륜차량은 80%의 차량이 단지 혼자이거나 두 사람만을 운송하고 있다. 차량의 경량화는 에너지 자원의 경제적 이용과 환경 보존이라는 측면에서 더욱 중요하게 부각되고 있는 과제이다. 이러한 문제의 해결에 대한 한 방법으로, 한 명 내지 두 명이 타는 새로운 개념의 차량을 개발하기로 하였다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 기존의 해외에서 제작된 삼륜차에 대한 정보가 수집되고 분석된 후, 신 개념의 샤시 시스템에 대한 수학적인 모델링과 시뮬레이션과 시험모델 테스트가 병행되고, 이를 바탕으로 차체 디자인의 제작을 의도하고자 하였다. 특히, 주요 관점사항으로는 선회 시 차량이 능동적으로 바퀴와 차체를 회전중심 축으로 기울어지는 경사선회(Tilt) 요소 장착 삼륜 자동차를 제시하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.956-966
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• 2021

To prevent the outbreak of infectious diseases that inflict huge economic and social losses, domestic livestock farms and related facilities have introduced automatic and semiautomatic disinfectant solution-spraying systems for vehicles. However, the facility standards and specifications vary by manufacturer, and no scientific performance evaluation has been conducted. The puropose of this study is to develop physical and biological evaluation methods. Physical and biological appraisals were conducted using two types of disinfection facilities (tunnel- and U-type) and two types of vehicles (passenger car, truck). Water-sensitive paper was used to evaluate the physical performance values for the disinfection facilities. In addition, to assess their biological performance, carriers containing low-pathogenic avian influenza virus were attached to vehicles, and the viral reduction was measured after the vehicles moved through the facility. The tunnel-type had rates of coverage in the range of 70-90% for the passenger car and 60-90% for the truck. At least 4-log virus reduction after spraying for 1-5 min was shown for both vehicles. For the U-type facility evaluation, the coverage rates were in the range of 60-90% for the passenger car and at least 90% for the truck. More than 4-log viral reduction was estimated within a spraying time of 5 min. To reduce viruses on the surface of vehicles by at least 4 log within a short period, the disinfectant solution should cover at least 71% of the pathogens. In conclusion, we were able to assess the physical and biological performance criteria for disinfection facilities aboard transportation vehicles.