• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1988

The effect of captafol on the immunity and also the influence of ethanol to this immune response treated with captafol were investigated in two experimental groups of mice, that one was treated with captafol and the other was treated with captafol and ethanol. The weight of spleen and thymus were reduced by treatment of captafol and the HY titer. HA titer and Arthus reaction were also supressed in both of two treated groups, it showed that the captafol exerts depressive effect on humoral immune response in mice. The DTH and RFC were also impaired in captafol treated mice, so that the captafol exerted effect on the cellular immune response. According to this experiment immunity, the ethanol had influence on immune response by the treatment of captafol. Therefore the ethanol accelated the supression of humoral and cellular immune response.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.437-445
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to study the preventive effect of cysteine on the toxicities of captafol to the hematological and serum biochemical values. A single dose of captafol(5mg/kg BW, ip) was given to male Sprague-Dawley rats and its toxicities were evalutated by body weitht changes, autopsy findings, absolute organ weight, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The single dose of captafol caused significant decreases in body weitht, and absolute liver weight, as-cites, fibrin clot in abdominal cavity, adhesion of liver lobes significant elevation of number of RBC, hemoglobin concentration and serum AST activity, and decreased of serum phospholipid level. Where as cysteine(over 58mg/kg BW) given immediately after captafol appeared to prevent the ascites, fibrin clot in abdominal cavity and liver lobe adhesion. It also prevented the liver and blood, especially RBC toxicites. The results suggest that cysteine and other compounds containing sulfhydryl groups may protect the subjects from captafol-induced toxicity.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1990

Captafol (1H-isoindole-1.3 (2H)-dione, 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-1.1.2.2-tetrachloroethylthio), is widely used as broad spectrum fungicide in agriculture and industrial application. N-sulfenylphthalimide fungicides are relatively low toxic to human and animal by oral administration. However it was reported that the fungicides have carcinogenic and mutagenic potentials, in subacute and chronic toxicity experiments. As mentioned the above, there are many experimental reports on the toxicity of captan and folpet, the toxicological researches on captafol are few, therefore in this experiment we examined the subacute toxicity of captafol which is widely used as fungicide in biochemical parameters in serum. The experimental results were summerized as follows: 1) In captafol administered group, the body weight was significantly decreased but the biochemical parameters such as AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, TG in serum were remarkably elevated in comparison to that of control group. 2) Captafol plus ethanol administered group, serum AST, ALT, BUN were elevated in comparison to that of captafol treated group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 1988

Captafol (1H-Isoindole-1.3(2H)-dione, 3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro-2-[1, 1, 2, 2-tetrahydroethyltkio]) is widely used as fungicide in agriculture. Immune modulatory effects of captafol and ethanol were studied in mice. Mice administered captafol intra peritoneally every other day for 5 times, and ethanol per os as captafol. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells, serum antibody titer, foot pad swelling, and rosette forming cell number were mediated immune response. 1. The result show that humoral immune response and cell mediatea response were suppressed by captafol. 2. Especially effect of ethanol on the captafol immune response were significantly suppressed the humoral immune response and cell mediated immune response.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.488-493
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• 1996

As a first step of pesticide runoff studies, runoff losses of captafol were measured under natural rainfall conditions in apple orchard area. The maximum concentration of captafol was 180 ppb at 5 th sampling period when the rainfall occurred within 24 hours after captafol was applied, and the concentration of samples from other periods was below than 20 ppb. Total runoff loss of captafol was below 0.1%. About 10 fold of dilution factor was observed at the merging point with stream near outlet from orchard and about 50 fold was observed at the next merging point which is located further down. Therefore, captafol will not harm the aquatic organisms due to dilution factor$(10{\sim}50\;fold)$ and rapid hydrolytic degradation rate even when it was run off into a stream nearby.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1989

Examination of the subacute toxicity of captafol showed that. 1) In the captafol administered group, the body weight was significantly decreased but the amounts of AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, TG in serum were remarkably elevated in comparision to those of the control group. 2) In captafol treated animals, the amount of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and in kidney were decreased, but TAB value in serum and in liver and total ATPase activity in liver and in kideny were found to be remakably elevated. 3) When captafol administered with ethanol to the group, the group showed elevated serum levels of AST, ALT and BUN but the amount of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and in kidney were decreased as the group which was treated with captafol only.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 1997

Important physicochemical properties of captafol [N-(1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-ethylthio)cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboximide], water solubility, vapor pressure, hydrolysis and octanol/water partition coefficient(Kow) were measured based on the standard EPA and OECD methods. Water solubility of the chemical was 2.24 ppm at $25^{\circ}C$. Half-life by hydrolysis at $25^{\circ}C$ in the buffer solution of pH 3.0, pH 7.0, and pH 8.0 was 77.8 hr, 6.54 hr and 0.72 hr, respectively, demonstrating instability in alkaline solution. The half-life in acid condition was not significantly different by temperature change, however, that in neutral or alkaline solution became shorter at $40^{\circ}C$. Hydrolysis study with a reference compound, diazinon, proved that the experimental method of the present study is reliable. Vapor pressure of captafol, $8.27{\times}10^{-9}$ torr at $20^{\circ}C$, was calculated from the equation, log P=6.94-(4401.6/T) plotted on the experiment results under different temperature conditions, 40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$. pressure of captafol, the contamination of captafol would not happen easily in environment by vaporization. High Kow value of 1,523 was observed and this might result in bioconcentration through food chain when captafol was exposed. However, affecting human health through aquatic bioaccumulation is not likely to occur due to its rapid hydrolysis in the environment.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 1985

The experiments were carried out to investigate a practical method for controlling wilt of strawberry by fungicides in vitro and in field. Captafol and benomyl were the most effective in inhibiting chlamydos-pore germination and mycelial growth of the fungi. In field tests, captafol, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl showed some control effect against the disease. The propagule number of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in soil was greatly reduced by soil drenches of captabol, whereas that of Trichoderma sp. was increased.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 1996

A method for the simultaneous analysis of 31 residual organic chloride pesticides was studied using gas chromatography. Prepared analytical samples were injected to gas chromatography (HP 5890 Series II plus) on the Ultra-2 column with ECD. The packing materials for column were changed as the following reagents ; florisil and alumina N, The residual solution was loaded to column and was elected pith erection solvents ; ether : benzene (2 : 8) solution, hexane : benzene (1 : 1) solution, dichloromethane, acetone, and methanol. The analytical results showed that 6 kinds of organic chlorides were not detected when florisil (first condition) was used as the column packing material. The nondetected 6 kinds of organic chlorides in the first analytical condition were detected and the recoveries of thrin-pesticides were increased, in particular, captan and captafol, but the recoveries of benzene hexachloride compounds were decreased when dichloromethane and methanol were added as elution solvents (pac'king material was florisil as in the first condition). The recoveries of dichlornuanid, chlorofenvinfos, folpet, and dicofol were increased and that of aldrin was increased, but those of captan and captafol were not good when alumina N was used as the packing material. To detect simultaneously thrin-pesticides, captan, and captafol, florisil and alumina N were used as the packing materials. The elution result showed that captan and captafol were not detected. This was because the column was activated insufficiently. The analytical method was the best (31 kinds of organic chlorides in the residual pesticides were detected sharply and showed high sensitivity) when the column (packing materials were florisil and alumina N: together) was fuliy activated and the impurities were removed using various elution solvents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.507-511
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• 1993

The effect of captafol on the hematological value, erythrocyte membrane and plasma biochemical value was investigated using blood of SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats in vitro. For the anticoagulations, we used 0.5mg of heparin per $10m{\ell}$ of blood from vena cava. Three con-centrations($0.1{\times}10^{-4}M$, $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ and $1{\times}10^{-2}M$) captafol in ethanol were added to the each $2.5m{\ell}$ blood so that the linal concentration of ethanol was 1%. The blood contained with each concentration of captafol was incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ C for 2 hours under 5% $CO_2$ gas The whole blood and plasma were examined for hematological vaJues, erythrocyte membrane damage and biochemical values, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The number of RBC in $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ group and the concentration of MCHC in $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ group were significantly (p<0.05) decreased and increased from that of control values, respectively. The percentage of Hct was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with dose-response. 2. Erythrocyte fragility rate of $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ and $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ group were significantly (p<0.01) increased from that control with dose response. 3. Potassium ion level of $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ was significantly (p<0.05) increased from that of control. 4. The concentration of total bilirubin in the $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ and $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ groups were significantly increased from that of control. The enzyme level of creatine kinase in $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ group was significanlty (p<0.05) decreased from control value.