• 제목/요약/키워드: Capsicum disease

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식물 유용 유전자의 발굴 및 산업적 응용 (Development and industrial applications of versatile-usable genes of plant)

  • Oh, Boung-Jun
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표대회
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    • pp.40-60
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    • 2003
  • Fruit ripening represents a genetically synchronized system that involves developmental process unique to plant species, The phenomenon of ripening includes changes in color, texture, respiration rate, flavor, and aroma. Ripe fruits generally exhibit increased susceptibility to pathogen infection. However, fruits as a reproductive organ have their own protection mechanism against pathogens to maintain their integrity during seed maturation. In several nonclimacteric fruits, such as cherry, grape, and pepper, that do not have an ethylene burst during ripening, resistance against phytopathogens increases during ripening. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a causal agent of anthracnose disease in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum). We have established that C. gloeosporioides has susceptible and resistant interactions with pepper fruits during pre- and post-ripening stages, respectively. And we have interested in looking for a molecular mechanism that would explain the fungal resistance during ripening of nonclimacteric pepper fruit. In this presentation, a molecular characterization of the pepper esterase gene (PepEST) that is highly expressed in the resistant response will be demonstrated as an example of development and industrial applications of versatile-usable genes of plant.

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전남 지역의 토마토반점위조바이러스병 발생 양상 (Pattern of the Occurrence of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Jeonnam Province)

  • 고숙주;강범용;최덕수;김도익;이관석;김창석;최홍수
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.273-280
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    • 2013
  • 전남 지역에서 토마토반점위조바이러스병은 나주, 순천, 영광, 신안 등 8개 시군에서 발생되었으며, 영광 지역이 가장 심하였다. 시설재배에서는 주로 고추, 피망, 토마토에 발생하였고, 노지재배에서는 고추의 피해가 컸다. 고추 육묘장에서 Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) 발생을 조사한 결과, 나주, 순천, 장흥 지역에서 발병주율은 1.1-30%로 조사되었다. TSWV은 일반적으로 6월 상순에 초발하여 8월까지 지속적으로 발병이 증가하였으나, TSWV에 감염된 묘가 정식된 경우 정식 초기인 5월 상순부터 발생을 시작하였다. 시설재배지에서 꽃노랑총채벌레가 대만총채벌레보다 황색점착트랩에 높은 밀도로 채집되었고, 노지고추에서는 대만총채벌레가 꽃노랑총채벌레보다 우점하였다. 동절기 휴경기에 하우스 내와 측창 사이의 잡초를 완전히 제거한 경우에는 방치한 포장에 비해 바이러스 초발일이 1개월 정도 지연되는 경향을 보였고, 측창쪽에서 가까운 열이 바이러스 발생율이 높았고 측창에서 멀어질수록 발생율이 낮아졌다.

Colletotrichum coccodes(Wallr.) Hughes에 의(依)한 고추 유묘탄저병(幼苗炭疽病) (Anthracnose of Pepper seedling caused by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes)

  • 오인석;인무성;우인식;이성구;유승헌
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.151-156
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    • 1988
  • 1988년에(年) 충남지방(忠南地方) 농가(農家)의 고추 육묘상(育苗床)에서 고추유묘(幼苗)에 탄저병(炭疽病)이 심(甚)하게 발생(發生)하고 있음이 발견(發見)되었다. 병(病)의 초기(初期) 병징(病徵)은 유묘(幼苗)의 잎과 줄기에 노색(努色) 반점(班點)이 형성(形成)되며 진전(進展)된 통반(痛班)은 수침상(水浸狀)으로 되고 암장색(暗場色)의 불정형(不定形)으로 확대(擴大)되었으며, 심하(甚)게 감염(感染)된 도장(圖場)에서는 많은 고추 유묘(幼苗)가 고사(枯死)하였다. 일반농가(一般農家) 도장(圖場)에서의 이병주율(罹病株率)은 $15.3%{\sim}92.3%$(평균(平均) 30.4%) 비교적(比較的) 높은 감염률(感染率)을 보였다. 이병(罹病) 잎과 줄기에서 분리(分離)한 병원균(病原菌)의 형태적(形態的) 특징(特徵)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 분생포자(分生胞子)는 원통형(圓筒形)이고 크기는 $15{\sim}25(av.\;19.5){\times}2.5{\sim}4.8\;{\mu}m(av.\;3.3{\mu}m)$였으며, 강모(剛毛)(setae)는 분생자층(分生子層)보다 길었고, 그 크기는 $41.3{\sim}136.3\;{\mu}m(av.\;85{\mu}m)$ 이였고 PDA 배지(培地)에서 암상태(暗狀態)로 배양(培養)하였던 바 흑갈색(黑褐色)의 많은 균핵(菌核)이 형성(形成)되었다. 이같은 병원균(病原菌)의 형태적(形態的) 특징(特徵)에 따라 본(本) 병원균(病原菌)은 Colletotrichum coccodesr로 동정(同定)되었다. 병원성(病原性) 실험결과(實驗結果), 이 균(菌)은 고추 유묘(幼苗)에 강(强)한 병원성(病原性)을 나타내었으며, 고추열매(풋고추) 뿐만 아니라 토마토, 가지의 열매에도 탄저병(炭疽病)을 일으켰다.

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cDNA Microarray Analysis of Phytophthora Resistance Related Genes Isolated from Pepper

  • Kim, Hyounjoung;Lee, Mi-Yeon;Kim, Ukjo;Lee, Sanghyeob;Park, Soon-Ho;Her, Nam-Han;Lee, Jing-Ha;Yang, Seung-Gyun;Harn, Chee-Hark
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.67.1-67
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    • 2003
  • Phytophthora blight is a devastating disease of pepper and occurs almost anywhere peppers are grown. Phytophthora blight is caused by Phytophthora capsici and this pathogen can infect every part of the plant by moving inoculum in the soil, by infecting water on surface, by aerial dispersal to sporulating lesions. Management of Phytophthora blight currently relies on cultural practices, crop rotation, and use of selective fungicides. Since these treatments are a short-term management, a classical breeding for development of resistant pepper against the Phytophthora is an alternative. So far some of the resistant cultivars have been on the market, but those are limited regionally and commercially. Therefore, ultimately an elite line resistant against this disease should be developed, if possible, by biotechnology. We have set out a series of work recently in order to develop Phytophthora resistant pepper cultivar. For the first time, the cDNA microarray analysis was peformed using an EST chip that holds around 5000 pepper EST clones to identify genes responsive to Phytophthora infection. Total RNA samples were obtained from Capsicum annuum PI201234 after inoculating P. capsici to roots and soil and exposed to the chip. .Around 900 EST clones were up-regulated and down-regulated depending on the two RNA sample tissues, leaf and root. From those, we have found 55 transcription factors that may be involved in gene regulation of the disease defense mechanism. Further and in detail information will be provided in the poster.

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Paromomycin Derived from Streptomyces sp. AG-P 1441 Induces Resistance against Two Major Pathogens of Chili Pepper

  • Balaraju, Kotnala;Kim, Chang-Jin;Park, Dong-Jin;Nam, Ki-Woong;Zhang, Kecheng;Sang, Mee Kyung;Park, Kyungseok
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권9호
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    • pp.1542-1550
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    • 2016
  • This is the first report that paromomycin, an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces sp. AG-P 1441 (AG-P 1441), controlled Phytophthora blight and soft rot diseases caused by Phytophthora capsici and Pectobacterium carotovorum, respectively, in chili pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Chili pepper plants treated with paromomycin by foliar spray or soil drenching 7 days prior to inoculation with P. capsici zoospores showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in disease severity (%) when compared with untreated control plants. The disease severity of Phytophthora blight was recorded as 8% and 50% for foliar spray and soil drench, respectively, at 1.0 ppm of paromomycin, compared with untreated control, where disease severity was 83% and 100% by foliar spray and soil drench, respectively. A greater reduction of soft rot lesion areas per leaf disk was observed in treated plants using paromomycin (1.0 μg/ml) by infiltration or soil drench in comparison with untreated control plants. Paromomycin treatment did not negatively affect the growth of chili pepper. Furthermore, the treatment slightly promoted growth; this growth was supported by increased chlorophyll content in paromomycin-treated chili pepper plants. Additionally, paromomycin likely induced resistance as confirmed by the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes: PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, PR-4, peroxidase, and PR-10, which enhanced plant defense against P. capsici in chili pepper. This finding indicates that AG-P 1441 plays a role in pathogen resistance upon the activation of defense genes, by secretion of the plant resistance elicitor, paromomycin.

Enhancement of Biocontrol Activity of Antagonistic Chryseobacterium Strain KJ1R5 by Adding Carbon Sources against Phytophthora capsici

  • Kim, Yu-Seok;Jang, Bo-Ra;Chung, Ill-Min;Sang, Mee-Kyung;Ku, Han-Mo;Kim, Ki-Deok;Chun, Se-Chul
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.164-170
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    • 2008
  • Carbon utilization by Chryseobacterium strain KJ1R5 was studied to enhance its biocontrol activity against Phytophthora capsid. Chryseobacterium strain KJ1R5 has previously been shown to control Phytophthora blight of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Strain KJ1R5 could utilize carbon sources such as L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, ${\beta}-lactose$ and D-galactose well. P. capsici could utilize D-glucose well, showing the absorbencies ranged from 0.577 to 0.767 at 600nm. When 2% L-arabinose, which could only be utilized by the bio-control strain KJ1R5, was amended into the bacterial suspension, the efficacy of biological control increased. Among the amendments of various carbon sources into bacterial suspension, L-arabinose and D-(+)-glucose significantly enhanced biological control activity, resulting in a reduction of disease incidence to 6.9%, compared to 21.9% for the strain KJ1R5 alone and 81.3% for P. capsici inoculation alone, indicating that amendment with specific carbon sources could increase the biological control activity.

Priming of Defense-Related Genes Confers Root-Colonizing Bacilli-Elicited Induced Systemic Resistance in Pepper

  • Yang, Jung-Wook;Yu, Seung-Hun;Ryu, Choong-Min
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.389-399
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    • 2009
  • A group of beneficial plant bacteria has been shown to increase crop growth referring to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR can decrease plant disease directly, through the production of antagonistic compounds, and indirectly, through the elicitation of a plant defense response termed induced systemic resistance (ISR). While the mechanism of PGPR-elicited ISR has been studied extensively in the model plant Arabidopsis, it is less well characterized in crop plants such as pepper. In an effort to better understand the mechanism of ISR in crop plants, we investigated the induction of ISR by Bacillus cereus strain BS107 against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria in pepper leaves. We focused on the priming effect of B. cereus strain BS107 on plant defense genes as an ISR mechanism. Of ten known pepper defense genes that were previously reported to be involved in pathogen defense signaling, the expression of Capsicum annum pathogenesis-protein 4 and CaPR1 was systemically primed by the application of strain BS107 onto pepper roots confirming by quantitative-reverse transcriptase PCR. Our results provide novel genetic evidence of the priming effect of a rhizobacterium on the expression of pepper defense genes involved in ISR.

Antagonistic and Plant Growth Promoting Activity of Bacillus species Isolated from Brackish Environment

  • Kamala-Kannan, Seralathan;Lee, Kui-Jae;Oh, Byung-Taek
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2010년도 정기총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.6-6
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    • 2010
  • Bacteria of the Bacillus sp. are well known to possess antagonistic activity against numerous plant pathogens. In the present study, 11 Bacillus sp. were isolated from the brackish environment and assayed for antagonistic activity under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Among the 11 isolates tested, 9 isolates effectively inhibited the growth of various plant pathogens, namely Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora citropthora, Phytophthora citricola, Phytophthora sojae, Colletotricum coccodes, Colletotricum gloeosporioides, Colletotricum acutatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, Fusarium graminearum, Pyricularia sp. and Monilina sp. The effective isolates were further screened for Phytophthora blight suppression in Capsicum annuum L. under green house conditions. The isolate SB10 exhibited the maximum (72.2%) reduction in disease severity. The antifungal compounds from the isolate were isolated and characterized. The isolated compounds exhibited high thermo stability ($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min). Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight investigation of the antifungal compounds revealed three lipopeptide complexes, the surfactins, the iturins, and the fengycins.

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고추 풋마름병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정법 확립 (Development of an Efficient Bioassay Method to Evaluate Resistance of Chili Pepper Cultivars to Ralstonia solanacearum)

  • 황성민;장경수;최용호;김헌;최경자
    • 식물병연구
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.334-347
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    • 2017
  • Ralstonia solanacearum에 의한 고추 풋마름병은 고추의 생산량 감소에 영향을 미치는 주요 병해 중 하나이다. 그리고 병 저항성 작물을 재배하는 것은 고추의 풋마름병 방제에 가장 효과적인 방제 방법이다. 본 연구는 고추의 풋마름병 저항성을 효율적으로 검정하기 위한 방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 풋마름병에 대한 저항성 및 감수성 6개 고추 품종을 선발하고, 다양한 조건에서 이들 품종의 풋마름병 발생을 조사하였다. 접종 방법에 따른 고추 품종들의 풋마름병 발생 정도를 실험한 결과, 상처없이 토양관주하는 방법과 접종원에 뿌리를 침지하는 방법보다 뿌리 절단 후 접종원을 관주하는 방법이 더 간단하고 효율적이었다. 풋마름병 저항성 계통인 'MC4'는 파종 후 21일부터 28일 재배한 고추 유묘에 $1{\times}10^8cfu/ml$ 농도의 세균 현탁액을 포트 당 20 ml 접종하였을 때 가장 높은 저항성을 나타냈다. 한편 감수성 품종들은 이들 조건에서 높은 감수성을 보였다. 이들 결과는 우리가 고추 품종의 풋마름병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정방법을 개발하였다는 것을 나타낸다. 그리고 선발한 발병조건을 사용하여 시판중인 140개 고추 품종의 풋마름병에 대한 저항성 정도를 평가하였다.

생물검정을 통한 고추 유전자원의 역병저항성 평가 (Evaluation of Resistance in Hot Pepper Germplasm to Phytophthora Blight on Biological Assay)

  • 김정순;김원일;지형진;곽재균;김정곤;심창기
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.802-809
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    • 2010
  • 역병은 세계적으로 고추에 발생하는 병 중 가장 문제시 되는 병해로 국내 83개 지역에서 채집한 재래종 고추 유전자원 중 300개를 선발하여 공시하였다. 파종 후 온실에서 70일간 육묘하였고 공시한 역병균의 유주자낭 농도를 $10^5/mL$으로 하여 주당 5mL 관주접종 후, 습실 처리하였고 1주 간격으로 4주간 이병주율을 조사하였다. 접종 7일 후 이병주율을 조사하였더니, 공시한 300개 고추 자원 중 67개 자원에서 이병주율이 60.1% 이상으로 높은 감수성을 보였으며, 37개 자원은 접종 후 7일까지 전혀 발병하지 않았다. 역병균 접종 28일 후, 공시한 300점의 고추자원 중 244개 자원은 60% 이상의 이병주율을 보여 역병에 대해 감수성을 나타내었으며, 11개 자원은 20% 미만의 이병주율을 보여 중도저항성을 보였고, 5개 자원은 전혀 발병하지 않아 저항성을 나타내었다. 5개 자원의 저항성 고추유전자원은 역병저항성 고추 품종 육종에 유용한 중간모본으로 사용될 것으로 생각된다. 본 실험의 정밀도를 높이기 위해 분자마커를 활용한 추가실험이 진행된다면 고추유전자원의 역병 저항성에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 본다.