• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1983

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and indomethacin upon the electrical activity of the isolated cat stomach muscle strips$(1.5{\times}7.0\;cm)$. Fifty-seven muscle strips, obtained from 57 cat stomachs(including corpus and antrum) were studied in a muscle chamber filled with Krebs solution(pH 7.4, temperature $36{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$) aerated with 5% $CO_2$ in $O_2$. The electrical activity was recorded by five capillary electrodes (Ag-AgCl), of which two were placed on the corpus and three on the antrum. After recording of the electrical activity in normal Krebs solution, $PGE_2$ in concentrations of 0.25(N=7), 0.5(=7), 1(N=7) and $2{\times}10^{-7}\;M(N=6)$ were administered to 27 muscle strips, while indomethacin was applied in concentretions of 0.25(N=9), 0.5(N=10), 1(N=6) and $2{\times}10^{-3}\;M(N=5)$ to the remaining 30 strips. The mean frequency were minutely measured from each electrogastrogram. 1) By adding $PGE_2$ in all doses, gastric slow wave frequency increased significantly compared with that in resting state. 2) Following $PGE_2$ administration, peak slow wave frequency increased dose-dependently. 3) After indomethacin addition in all doses, the slow wave frequency decreased significantly compared with that in resting state. 4) Following indomethacin administration, incidence of complete abolition of slow wave increased dose-dependently, and its latent period decreased also in a dose-dependent manner. It is inferred from the above results that prostaglandin $E_2$ has a facilitatory role in the development of gastric slow wave in cat.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2003

In semiconductor processing, there are two types of particle contaminated onto the wafer, i.e. dry and wet state particles. In order to evaluate the cleaning performance of laser shock wave cleaning method, the removal of 1 m sized alumina particle at different particle conditions from silicon wafer has been carried out by laser-induced shock waves. It was found that the removal efficiency by laser shock cleaning was strongly dependent on the particle condition, i.e. the removal efficiency of dry alumina particle from silicon wafer was around 97％ while the efficiencies of wet alumina particle in DI water and IPA are 35％ and 55％ respectively. From the analysis of adhesion forces between the particle and the silicon substrate, the adhesion force of the wet particle where capillary force is dominant is much larger than that of the dry particle where Van der Waals force is dominant. As a result, it is seen that the particle in wet condition is much more difficult to remove from silicon wafer than the particle in dry condition by using physical cleaning method such as laser shock cleaning.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2022

This study characterizes Proctor and geophysical properties in a broad range of grading and fines contents. The results show that soil index properties such as uniformity and fines plasticity control the optimum water content and peak dry unit trends, as well as elastic wave velocity. The capillary pressure at a degree of saturation less than S = 20% plays a critical role in determining the shear wave velocity for poorly graded sandy soils. The reduction in electrical resistivity with a higher water content becomes pronounced as the water phase is connected A parallel set of compaction and geophysical properties of sand-kaolinite mixtures reveal that the threshold boundaries computed from soil index properties adequately capture the transitions from sand-controlled to kaolinite-controlled behavior. In the transitional fines fraction zone between F_F ≈ 20 and 40%, either sand or kaolinite or both sand and kaolinite could dominate the geophysical properties and all other properties associated with soil compaction behavior. Overall, the compaction and geophysical data gathered in this study can be used to gain a first-order approximation of the degree of compaction in the field and produce degree of compaction maps as a function of water content and fines fraction.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2006

비고결화된 흙의 전단파 속도는 모세관 현상을 무시할 수 있는 경우 유효응력의 함수로 표현할 수 있다. 그러나 지반에서의 응력상태는 등방성인 경우보다는 이방성인 경우가 대부분이므로 이러한 유효응력은 파가 전파되는 방향과 입자가 움직이는 방향의 두 가지로 나눠진다. 또한, 전단파 속도는 입자 특성에 따라 실험적으로 결정되는 ${\alpha}$계수와 ${\beta}$지수에 영향을 받는데 ${\beta}$지수의 경우 입상 매질(particulate material)의 접촉 특성(입자크기, 입자모양, 입자들의 구조)에 따라 결정되며, ${\alpha}$계수는 패킹(packing)의 형태(즉, 간극률과 coordination number), 입자를 만드는 재료의 특성, 입자간의 접촉 거동, 구조의 변화에 따라서 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 입자구조의 특성이 다른 점토, 모래, mica등의 재료로 압밀시험을 실시하고 벤더 엘리먼트를 통하여 유효응력 방향과 입자 이방성에 따른 전단파 속도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 둥근 입자로써 입자자체가 등방성인 경우에는 응력이방성에 의하여 전단파 속도의 크기가 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전단파 속도는 동일한 응력 하에서 입자 배열에 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구는 지반구조물의 설계와 시공 시 전단파 속도와 전단탄성계수는 매우 신중하게 계산되고 사용되어져야 함을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.689-692
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• 2004

Hydrographic data obtained from several ship experiments have shown that internal waves are frequently observed in the East (Japan) Sea, mostly in the continental slopes located along the western side of the East Sea. It is well known that oceanic internal waves can be detected well in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Interactions between surface capillary-gravity waves and horizontally varying surface currents induced by internal waves produce variations in sea surface roughness which can be detected by SAR. C-band SAR images from ERS, ENVISAT ASAR and RADARSAT have been used to study the characteristics of internal waves in the East Sea. The observed properties of internal waves from many SAR images were compared and verified from in-situ measurements and theories.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집(Proceeding of the KOSME 2000 Autumn Annual Meeting)
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• pp.43-49
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• 2000

Heat transfer characteristics of self oscillating heat pipe were experimentally investigated for the effect of fill charge ratios and heat loads. The heat pipe used for this study is made of copper capillary, has 0.002m internal diameter, a 0.34m length in one turn and consists of 19 turns. Heating and cooling section each have a length of 70mm. Water was used as working fluid inside heat pipe. As the experimental results, the self oscillating heat pipe was operated by self-exited oscillation and circulation of working fluid and the oscillation within the self oscillating heat pipe assumed chaotic behavior.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제28권1E호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

Primary radiation force on ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) in a propagating and standing acoustic field was explored. A specific ultrasound contrast agent $Albunex^{(R)}$ and $Optison^{(R)}$ were chosen for simulation. The model was developed based on a shelled bubble model proposed by Church. The numerical simulation suggests that bubble translational motion is more significant in therapeutic ultrasound due to higher intensity and long pulse duration. Even a single cycle of a propagating wave of 4 MPa at 1 MHz can cause a bubble translational motion of greater than $1{\mu}m$ which is approximately one tenth of capillary. Hence, UCA characteristics can be significantly changed in therapeutic ultrasound without rapid bubble collapses.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2009

Oil viscosity is one of the important parameters for machinery condition monitoring. Basically, it is expressed as kinematic viscosity measured by capillary flow and dynamic or absolute viscosity measured by rotary shear viscometry. Recently, acoustic wave techniques appear in the market, measuring viscosity as the product of dynamic viscosity and density. For Newtonian fluids, knowledge of density allows conversion from one viscosity parameter to the other at a specific shear rate and temperature. In this work, oil samples with different chain lengths of viscosity index (VI) improvers and concentrations were examined by different viscometric techniques. Results showed that acoustic viscosity measurements give misleading results for oil samples with high molecular weight VI improvers and at low temperatures ${\leq}40^{\circ}C$.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
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• pp.131-133
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• 2007

This paper was described about the calibration method and setup of calibration system. This method and system were based on ISO 12713 and 12714. This system consisted of a conical type reference sensor, test block, glass capillary source and measuring oscilloscope. The waves of reference sensor and tested sensor was shown and these wave was analyzed with ISO method.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1948-1958
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• 1996

Experimental and theoretical studies on the air-assist coaxial atomizer have been continuously carried out for a long time. But now the importance of the theoretical study is tending to increase as with the development of computer. This study is concerned to the spray modelization, especially, the instability of the liquid jet surrounded by the air stream which flows with high velocity. To study the phenomena of the break up, we used the linear theory based on the classical Kelvin-Helmholtz theory for capillary wave at a simple interface and we investigated the variation of liquid core radius. As a result, we obtained that the drop diameter and the variation of the liquid core radius predicted by using our model are reasonable.