• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1996

Purpose : To improve the treatment results of locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients we treated those patients with regional hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy. And we conducted a retrospective analysis of the results. Material and Methods Thirty two nonsmall cell lung cancer Patients treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Mary's hospital, Catholic University Medical College were the base of this analysis. Fourteen patients of above them were treated with hyperthermia and radiotherapy of more than 3000 cGy in radiation dose. Radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia was administered twice weekly immediately after radiotherapy. Total sessions of hyperthermia ranged from 3 to 13 times (mean 7.8). Eighteen patient received an external radiation therapy alone Median radiation dose was 5580 cGy (range, 3000-7000 cGy) in fraction of 180-300 cGy, 5 fractions per week. Results: The results of themoradiotherapy group (HTRT group) were compared with radiation alone group (RT group). There were no complete response (CR) and 12 Partial responses (PR) (CR rate $0\%$, response rate $85.7\%$) in HTRT group, whereas there were 2 CRs, 8 PRs and 8 no responses (CR rate $11.1\%$, response rate $55.6\%$) in RT group. There was significant differece in local response rate of the tumors between RT group and HTRT group (p < 0.05). Overall 2 rear survival rate and mean survival were $7.1\%$ and 10.5 months for HTRT group, and $0\%$ and 8.1 months for RT group. However, by the number of hyperthermia. in cases with more than or equal to 10 sessions of hyperthermia, there were significant improvement in 2 year year survival rate and mean survival ($40.0\%$ and 18.2 months) compared with those in cases with less than 10 sessions of hyperhtemia ($7.4\%$ and 7.4 months) (p < 0.05). Conclusion : Thermoradiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC patients increased their response rate but not 2 year survival and mean survival, therefore thermoradiotherpy with enough number of hyperthermia is suggested that may be one of the effective palliative treatments of those patients. And in cases with more than 10 sessions of hyperthermia, there showed improved 2 year survival rate and mean survival But the number of the cases was small further study in this aspect is required.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.3 s.345
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• pp.21-32
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• 2006

A new SRAM circuit with row-by-row activation and low-swing write schemes is proposed to reduce switching power of active cells as well as leakage one of sleep cells in this paper. By driving source line of sleep cells by $V_{SSH}$ which is higher than $V_{SS}$, the leakage current can be reduced to 1/100 due to the cooperation of the reverse body-bias. Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), and negative $V_{GS}$ effects. Moreover, the bit line leakage which may introduce a fault during the read operation can be eliminated in this new SRAM. Swing voltage on highly capacitive bit lines is reduced to $V_{DD}-to-V_{SSH}$ from the conventional $V_{DD}-to-V_{SS}$ during the write operation, greatly saving the bit line switching power. Combining the row-by-row activation scheme with the low-swing write does not require the additional area penalty. By the SPICE simulation with the Berkeley Predictive Technology Modes, 93% of leakage power and 43% of switching one are estimated to be saved in future leakage-dominant 70-un process. A test chip has been fabricated using $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS process to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the new SRAM, where the switching power is measured to be 30% less than the conventional SRAM when the I/O bit width is only 8. The stored data is confirmed to be retained without loss until the retention voltage is reduced to 1.1V which is mainly due to the metal shield. The switching power will be expected to be more significant with increasing the I/O bit width.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1990

A series of 25 patients with residual, recurrent, and unresectable gastric cancer received various combination of surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), and hyperthermia (HT). They were placed into 7 categories; 1) CT and HT-14 patients; 2) RT and HT-15 patients; 3) surgery, RT and HT-2 patients; 4) surgery, RT, HT and CT-1 patient; 5) RT, HT and CT -1 patient; 6) RT and CT-1 patient; 7) RT alone-1 patient. Three patients had curative resection. 21 patients received irradiation with tightly contoured portals to spare as much small bowel, kidney and marrow as possible. Hyperthermia was applied regionally once or twice a week for 23 patients using 8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive heating device (Thermotron RF-8). HT was given approximately 30 min after RT 7 patients were treated with CT: 4 patients received HT and concomitant Mitomycin-C; 3 patients received HT and sequential 5-FU+Adriamycin+Mitomycin-C. There was not any treatment related deaths. There was also no evidence of treatment related problems with liver, kidney, stomach, or spinal cord except only one case of transient diabetic ketoacidosis. The tumor response was evaluable in 22 patients. None achieved complete remission.11 ($50\%$) achieved partial remission. The response rate was correlated with total radiation dose and achieved maximum temperature. 9 of 14 ($64\%$) received more than 4000 cGy showed partial remission; especially, all 3 patients received more than 5500 cGy achieved partial response.8 of the 12 patients ($67\%$) who achieved maximal temperature more than $41^{\circ}C$ showed partial response in comparing with $25\%$ (2 of 8 patients, below $41^{\circ}C$). The numbers of HT, however, was not correlated with the response. 3 of the 25 patients ($12\%$) remain alive. The one who was surgically unresectable and underwent irradiation alone is in progression of the disease with distant metastases. The remaining two patients with curative resection are alive with free of disease, 24 and 35 months, respectively. The median survival by response are 11.5 months in responders and 4.6 months in non-responders.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2013

Sterilization of Neurospora crassa has been investigated in this research by using a surface air plasma with dielectric barrier discharged (DBD) structure under atmospheric pressure. The sinusoidal alternating current has been used in this experiment with discharge voltage of 1.4~2.3 kV. The phase difference between the voltage and current signals are found to be almost 80 degree due to the capacitive property of dielectric barrier. Temperature on the biomaterials has been minimized by radiating the heat with the air cooling system. It is noted that the substrate temperature remains under 37 degree for plasma exposure time of 10 minutes with operation of cooler system. It is found that the ozone, $O_3$, has been measured to be about 25~30 ppm within 1 cm region and to be about 5 ppm at the 150 cm downstream region away from the suface plasma. It is also noted that the nitric oxide, NO, and nitric dioxide, $NO_2$, are not nearly detected. Germination rate and mitochodrial activity of Neurospora crassa immersed in the deionized water have been found to be drastically decreased as the plasma treatment time and its electrical power are increased in this experiment. Here, the mitochondrial activity has been analyzed by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethy lthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. However, sterilization of Neurospora crassa immersed in the Vogel's minimal media has been found to be low by plasma treatment, which is caused by surrounding background solution. This research shows the sterilization possibility of Neurospora crassa by using the noncontated surface DBD plasma, which is different from the plasma jet. This is mainly attibuted to the reactive species generated by the surface plasma, since they play a major role for inhibition of micobes such as Neurospora crassa.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.247-257
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• 1989

Thirty patients with nonresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to either locally advanced lesion or association with liver cirrhosis, treated with combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia between April 1988 and July 1988, at Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei university College of medicine, were analysed. External radiotherapy of a total dose of 3060cGy/3.5 wks was given. Hyperthermia was given twice a week with a total of 6 treatment sessions using 8MHz radiofrequency capacitive type heating device, i.e., Thermotron RF-8 and Cancermia. In all cases hyperthermia was given within 30 minutes after radiotherapy for 30~60min. Temperature was measured by inserting thermocouple into the tumor mass under the ultrasonographic guidance only for those who had not bleeding tendency. As a result, partial response (PR) was achieved in 12 patients (40%), and symptomatic improvement was observed in 22 patients (78.6%) among 28 patients who had suffered from abdominal pain. The most significant factor affecting the tumor response rate was the type of tumor (single massive: 10/14, 71.4%; diffuse infiltrative: 2/10, 20%; multinodular:0/6, 0%; p<0.005). There were not any significant side effects relating to combined treatment. The overall 1 year survival rate was 34%, with 50% in the PR group and 22% in the no response group (NR), respectively. Median survival was 6.5 months and longer for those of PR than of NR (11 mos. vs 5, p<0.05). In conclusion, combined radiotherapy and hyperthermia appeared to be effective in local control and symptomatic palliation of HCC. Further study including a larger number of the patients to confirm its effect in survival and detrimental side effect should be urged.