• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2015

The agricultural water management generally has focused on water resources for crop production but it could be affected by the food consumption pattern. The aim of this study is to estimate virtual water consumption for food consumption and calorie supply using the water footprint and virtual water concept. In addition, we estimated the virtual water requirements for increasing the food and calorie self-sufficiency adjusted by the government for food security. About $330.0m^3/cap/yr$ of virtual water was consumed for the main foods consumption in 1985, and it was increased to $450.0m^3/cap/yr$ in 2010. The rate of virtual water consumption by meats consumption was 28 % in 1985 but it was increased to 54 % in 2010. In other words, the total virtual water consumption by foods consumption was increased from 1985 to 2010 with the high rate of meats consumption. The average $1.29m^3$ of virtual water was consumed for supplying 1 calorie per capita in 2010 but about $10.1m^3/cal$ of virtual water was consumed by only bovine meats consumption. The food self-sufficiency is the main factor for food security in Korea. About $46.5Mm^3$ and $393.9Mm^3$ of virtual water were required in order to increase the food and calorie self-sufficiency of wheat by 1 % individually. This study showed the water consumption was related to food consumption and calorie supply pattern, and these results could be used as the indices for the agricultural water management considering the change of eating habit and food security.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2014

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) was originally found in sensory neurons. Recently, it has been reported that TRPV1 is expressed in salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC). However, the physiological role of TRPV1 in salivary secretion remains to be elucidated. We found that TRPV1 is expressed in mouse and human submandibular glands (SMG) and HSG cells, originated from human submandibular gland ducts at both mRNA and protein levels. However, capsaicin (CAP), TRPV1 agonist, had little effect on intracellular free calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) in these cells, although carbachol consistently increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Exposure of cells to high temperature (> $43^{\circ}C$) or acidic bath solution (pH5.4) did not increase $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, either. We further examined the role of TRPV1 in salivary secretion using TRPV1 knock-out mice. There was no significant difference in the pilocarpine (PILO)-induced salivary flow rate between wild-type and TRPV1 knock-out mice. Saliva flow rate also showed insignificant change in the mice treated with PILO plus CAP compared with that in mice treated with PILO alone. Taken together, our results suggest that although TRPV1 is expressed in SGEC, it appears not to play any direct roles in saliva secretion via transcellular pathway.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

[Purpose] While the anti-obesity effects of exercise and capsiate are well-observed individually, the effect of exercise with capsiate intake has not been systematically explored yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the anti-obesity effects of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake. [Methods] 8-week-old male mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group): sedentary group (SED; nontrained), exercise-trained group (EXE) and exercise-trained group with 10 mg/kg of capsiate intake (EXE+CAP). All mice were offered high-fat diet and water ad libitum. The mild-intensity treadmill training was conducted 5 times a week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, metabolism during exercise and abdominal fat weight were measured. [Results] Body weight and the rate of total abdominal fat were significantly less in EXE+CAP than in SED but not between EXE and SED. The average of respiratory exchange rate during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.025). Likewise, the fat oxidation during exercise was significantly much higher in EXE+SED (p = 0.016) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.045). Then, the carbohydrate oxidation during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.028). [Conclusion] In conclusion, the anti-obesity functions of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake by increasing fat oxidation during exercise. Therefore, we suggest that capsiate could be a candidate supplement which can additively ameliorate obesity when combined with exercise.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2024

본 연구는 일조방해에 의한 광 환경의 변화가 스프레이 국화의 생육과 개화, 절화 품질에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 절화용 스프레이 국화 '옐로우캡'과 '피치팡팡' 품종을 인위적으로 차광 처리하여 무차광 대비 66% 정도의 일조를 방해하였고, 이에 따른 국화의 생육 및 개화 특성, 채화량 등을 조사하였다. 일조방해에 따른 국화의 단위면적당 채화량은 차광과 무차광 처리구에서 유의미한 차이는 없었으나, 개화소요일수는 차광 처리에서 '옐로우캡' 품종은 72.1일, '피치팡팡' 품종은 65.2일로 무차광에 비해 각각 14.1일과 8.9일 정도 개화가 지연되었다. 꽃의 크기와 꽃 수 역시 차광 처리에서 '옐로우캡'과 '피치팡팡' 두 품종 모두 각각 10%와 15%, 30%와 28% 정도 감소하였으며, 화경장은 품종별로 각각 10%와 20%, 줄기의 굵기는 23%와 37%, 절화 생체중은 32%와 33% 정도 감소하여 절화 국화의 품질이 크게 저하되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서 차광 처리한 국화의 개화가 지연됨은 물론 꽃의 크기와 꽃 수가 감소하고 절화의 길이와 생체중 등이 모두 감소한 것으로 볼 때, 인공 건축물 등에 의한 일조방해는 국화의 생장과 화아분화, 화아발달에 필요한 광량을 제한함으로써 절화의 생산성과 품질을 저하시킬 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 일조방해로 인한 국화 재배농가의 피해 구제를 위해 차광 정도에 따른 수확량 감소율 및 상품성 가치 하락률 등에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 제한된 피드백 정보를 사용하는 MU-MIMO 하향링크 시스템에 준-대각선 및 구관 행렬, 그리고 동 이득 전송 기법을 이용한 차등 선부호화 기법을 적용하여 sum-rate 및 bit error rate 성능을 분석한다. 시뮬레이션과 성능분석을 통해 기존의 LTE 코드북보다 sum-rate 성능은 최소 0.6bps/Hz, BER 성능은 최소 4dB 개선됨을 보인다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.377-390
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• 2009

In this paper an improved one-dimensional frame element for modelling of reinforced concrete beams and columns subjected to impact is presented. The model is developed in the framework of a flexibility fibre element formulation that ignores the shear effect at material level. However, a simple shear cap is introduced at section level to take account of possible shear failure. The effect of strain rate at the fibre level is taken into account by using the dynamic increase factor (DIF) concept for steel and concrete. The capability of the formulation for estimating the element response history is demonstrated by some numerical examples and it is shown that the developed 1D element has the potential to be used for dynamic analysis of large framed structures subjected to impact of air blast and rigid objects.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.243-247
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• 2009

A Radioactive constraint of the nuclear fuel assembly irradiated by neutron during normal operation cycle of the nuclear power plant is typically on the order of about 3 kGy/h. In order to inspect nuclear fuel assembly using a VT (vision technology) system, the light such as halogen lamp is used. As the halogen lamp has lower color temperature than the sun light, the objects under halogen lamp illumination are seemed to be tinted with red. In this paper, high brightness LED is considered to be used as the light source of VT system. The high brightness LED, which is a key light source of the VT system, have been gamma irradiated at the dose rate of 4 kGy/h during two hours up to a total dose of 8 kGy. The radiation induced color-center in the LED housing cap made of plastics materials is observed.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1436-1440
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• 2018

SiN and SiCN film production using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) is investigated in this study. A developed high-power and high-density multiple inductively coupled plasma (multi-ICP) source is used for a low temperature PE-ALD process. High plasma density and good uniformity are obtained by high power $N_2$ plasma discharge. Silicon nitride films are deposited on a 300-mm wafer using the PE-ALD method at low temperature. To analyze the quality of the SiN and SiCN films, the wet etch rate, refractive index, and growth rate of the thin films are measured. Experiments are performed by changing the applied power and the process temperature ($300-500^{\circ}C$).

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2018

In recent years, one-dimensional (1D) magnetic nanostructures, such as magnetic nanorods and chains of magnetic nanoparticles have received great attentions due to the breadth of applications. Especially, magnetic nanorods has been opened an area of active research and applications in medicine, sensors, optofluidics, magnetic swimming, and microrheology since they possess the unique magnetic and geometric features. This study focuses on the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of an infinitely long crystal ${\beta}-Fe_2O_3$ nanorod. To elucidate the structural properties and dynamics behavior of ${\beta}-Fe_2O_3$ nanorods, MD simulation is a powerful technique. The structural properties such as equation of state and radial distribution function of bulk ${\beta}-Fe_2O_3$ are performed by lattice dynamics (LD) simulations. In this work, we consider three main mechanisms affecting on deformation characteristics of a ${\beta}-Fe_2O_3$ nanorod: 1) temperature, 2) the rate of mechanical compression, and 3) the rate of mechanical torsion.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2023

곤지7호, 분홍, 순정의 생육시기별 자실체의 특징과 포자생산량을 측정하였다. 느타리류 자실체의 형태는 생육초기에서 대가 짧고 갓이 작은 형태를 띄다가 대가 길어지면서 전형적인 버섯형태를 보였다. 곤지7호는 대가 길고 분홍은 대가 짧고 갓이 긴 편이고 순정은 그 중간 형태였다. 생유초기에 각 품종 고유의 색택이 진하게 발현되다가 생육후기로 갈수록 엷어졌다. 버섯의 대와 갓이 결합하는 형태가 생육초기의 중심생에서 생육 후기에는 측심생으로 변했다. 곤지7호의 갓직경은 15.5 mm(생육5일)에서 37.9 mm(생육9일)로 7배 커졌다. 각 생육일수별로 성장정도는 전일과 비교하였을 경우 285.5 → 182.2 → 129.4 → 103.8%의 성장을 보였다. 이러한 추세는 분홍이나 순정에서도 관찰하였으나, 분홍의 수확량 증가세는 더 급격하고(전일에 비해 6일 4.9배, 7일 2.7배) 9일째에도 증가세가 지속되었다. 농가에서 가장 관심을 갖는 수확량도 갓직경과 유사한 패턴을 보였다. 곤지7호의 생육기간이 7일이 경과되는 시기까지 급격하게 늘었다가 (177% 이상) 8일경부터 증가 추세가 꺾였고 9일째는 오히려 감소하였다(98%). 분홍이나 순정에서도 비슷한 추세가 관찰되었다. 분홍의 수확량 증가세는 더 급격하고(전일에 비해 6일 4.9배, 7일 2.7배) 9일째에도 증가세가 지속되는 특징을 보였다. 생육 후기에 버섯의 수확량 감소의 원인은 일부 버섯의 사멸과 갓 조직의 분해에 의한 것으로 사료한다. 담자포자의 양은 생육일수가 늘어갈수록 많아지다가 8일째 이후에는 감소폭을 보였다. 최고 생산량이 많은 것은 곤지7호가 생육7일째에 209,000,000개를 보인 것으로 이것은 수확시기와 일치한다. 이러한 경향은 분홍나 순정에서도 동일하였다. 본 연구결과는 자실체나 포자를 대상으로 연구하는 연구자에게 기초자료를 제공하고, 농업현장에는 느타리류 버섯의 수확적기를 추정하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 사료한다.