• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2016

Vaginitis, also known as vaginal infection and vulvovaginitis, is an inflammation of the vagina and possibly vulva. The three main kinds of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. The purpose of this study was to characterize Lactobacillus plantarum MG989 and L. fermentum MG901 isolated from the vaginas of healthy Korean women in terms of their inhibitory activity against the vaginitis associated pathogens such as Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans. Co-culture experiments showed that the two Lactobacillus strains MG989 and MG901 significantly reduced the viability of G. vaginalis and C. albicans. Also, the two strains were resistant to bile acid up to 1% and their autoaggregation rates were as high as 83.33%. Further studies are underway to demonstrate that the two strains can be applied as pharmaceutical agents for recovering healthy vaginal ecosystem.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of fumigation treatment, provide a clinical basis for fumigation therapy, and develop treatment protocols through consideration of treatment methods and herbal medicines. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials using fumigation treatment on mycotic vaginitis in 8 electronic databases such as EMBASE, Pubmed, and CNKI. The results of the studies were analyzed and the risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta-analysis was performed to reveal the effectiveness of fumigation compared to control treatments. Results: We finally selected 5 studies among 54 articles according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. In all selected studies, herbal fumigation was more effective than any control treatment and all the studies were statistically significant. Conclusions: The study provides a basis for applying fumigation treatment to patients with mycotic vaginitis and helps developing a treatment protocol of caring patients of mycotic vaginitis. But the limitation of this study is that the number of studies included is small and quantitative synthesis of all results has not been achieved.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.129-139
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• 1988

1987년 5월 1일부터 9월 31일까지 5개월간 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과외래에 내원한 환자 549예를 대상으로 질내 pH 검사, 아민검사, 생리식염수 및 10% KOH습식도말현미경검사를 시행하였다. 질염과 관련된 임상증상 및 소견과 이를 기초로 한 이학적 진단과 비교분석한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. 각 감염성 질염에서의 질산도 측정 및 아민검사와 생리식염수 습식도말검사성적은 세균성 질염 환자군에선 질 pH 5.0 이상이 81.0%, 아만검사 양성이 62.8%, 유산균 감소 소견이 77.4%, 백혈구 감소가 70.1%이었으며, 트리코모나스 질염 환자군은 질 pH 5.0 이상이 93.3%, 아민검사 음성이 90.0%, 유산균 감소가 90.0%, 백혈구 증가가 93.3%이었다. 진균성 질염 환자군은 질 pH 3.0 또는 4.0이 83.2%, 아민검사 음성이 100%, 정상유산균 소견이 89.7% 및 정상백혈구 소견이 72.4%이었다. 2. 생리식염수 및 10% KOH 습식도말검사에 대한 이학적 진단의 정확도는 정상군이 77.6%. 세균성 질염군 26.3%, 진균성 질염군 47.5% 및 트리코모나스 질염군이 70.0%이었다. 질 pH 측정 및 아민검사에 의한 진단의 정확도는 정상 및 진균성 질염군이 83.2%, 세균성 질염군이 60.6%, 트리코모나스 질염군이 83.3%이었다. 3. 세균성 질염군에서 질 pH 3.0 또는 4.0 및 아민검사 음성을 나타낸 23예의 질상피 세포에 대한 clue cell의 비율은 10.0%이하가 12예, 20.0% 및 30.0%가 5예, 50.0%가 4예, 그리고 50.0% 이상이 2예이었다. 이상의 성적으로 외래에서 손쉽게 시행할 수 있는 질내 산도측정과 아민검사는 각 감염성 질염의 감염여부에 대한 screening과 감별진단에 유용한 것으로 사료되며, 생리식염수 및 10% KOH 습식도말검사에 이들 검사를 추가할 경우 진단의 신빙도를 높일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 배양검사가 요구되는 환자의 선택에 있어서도 가치가 있을 것으로 추정되었다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Astringent medicinals against vaginal microbe. Methods : Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginitis-induced microbe. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for normal vaginal florae. And Astringent medicinals (Rubi Fructus, Tritici Immatri Semen, Corni Fructus, Nelumbinis Semen, Mume Fructus, Schizandrae Fructus, Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, Galla Rhois, Myristicae Semen, Terminariae Fructus, Rosae laevigatae Fructus, Ephedrae Radix) were used in this study. Antimicrobial activities were tested by optical density and colony test in vitro. And then wee valuated the antimicrobial effects in comparison with optical density and colony test. Results : The optical density and colony test showed that Terminariae Fructus and Galla Rhois among Astringent medicinals had the antimicrobial effects. Teminariae Fructus had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis of vaginitis-induced microbe. Galla Rhois had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against Staphylococus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis of vaginitis-induced microbe. Conclusion : According to these results, we can suggest that Terminariae Fructus and Galla Rhois among Astringent medicinals be available to the antimicrobial agent of vaginitis-induced microbe in vitro.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.690-695
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to dedicate to get the objectivity of herbal medicine treatments by choosing herbs likely to work as antifungal agents against Candida albicans which is the causes of Candida vaginitis, making experiments on them and getting the significant results. Each herb's efficacy on control the number of Candida vaginitis is noticed by using Disk Susceptibility test with six herbs medicine and Broth dilution assay of the culture. Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Arecae Semen, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts experimented on the efficiency of antifungal activities against Candida albicans by disk susceptibility test. Pulsatillae Radix has the strongest efficiency. In Dictamni Radicis Cortex never appeared antifungal effect on treatment. MIC (minimal inhibition concentration) in vitro antifungal agents of Cinamon Ramulus, Pulsatillae Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Artemisiae Capillaries Herba extracts against Candida albicans was determined by broth dilution assay. MIC against Candida albicans is that Pulsatillae Radix is 2.5 mg/ml and Cinamon Ramulus is 5 mg/ml and Paeoniae Radix is 10 mg/ml and Artemisiae Capillaries Herba is 40 mg/ml.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

Vaginal microbiome deeply influences vaginal health via production of messenger molecules. The healthy vaginal pH ranges between 3.5 and 4.5. However, dysbiosis of vaginal microbiome increases the pH level, leading to the incidence of vaginitis. The commensal vaginal bacterium Dermabacter vaginalis-which was isolated from the vaginal fluid of a Korean female-was incubated in acidic and neutral pH to simulate healthy and vaginitis conditions, respectively. The chemical profiles of the two different cultures were compared using HPLC. The compound showing distinctive difference between the two sets of data was presumed to be a chemical messenger, which was identified as cyclo(L-pro-L-met) by analysis of NMR, MS, and specific rotation data. Synthesis was achieved in three steps (overall yield 15%), enabling structure confirmation and antimicrobial evaluation against vaginal pathogens. Cyclo(L-pro-L-met) showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans, a major cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2007

A polymorphic fungus, Candida albicans, causes various forms of infections such as disseminated candidiasis and vaginitis. Recent reports indicate that the fungus is a main etiological agent for the arthritis. In search of new sources for treatment of the fungal arthritis, we examined $18{\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ($18{\beta}$-GA) against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis. The compound is isolated from Glycyrrhizae Radix that is known to have various immunomodulating activities and is one of the most popular herbal medicines. For induction of animal model of a septic arthritis, mice were given an emulsion form of C. albicans cell wall mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) via footpad-injection. To determine prophylactic and therapeutic effects, the component was given to the animals before or after the induction of the arthritis, respectively. Data showed that intraperitoneal administration of $18{\beta}$-GA resulted in reduction of the inflammation, indicating the component had both prophylactic and therapeutic activities. For investigation of mechanism of the $18{\beta}$-GA, inhibitory effects on NO (nitiric oxide) and on T-lymphocyte proliferation were determined. Results demonstrated that $18{\beta}$-GA suppressed NO production from LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-treated macrophages and also inhibited proliferation of Con A (concanavalin A)activated T-cells. Taken together, $18{\beta}$-GA, a pentacyclic triterpene, has anti-arthritic activity against C. albicans-caused septic arthritis, possibly by blocking NO production and T-cell suppression.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2015

Objective : This case report show the effect of Dahuanghuanglianxiexin-tang on VulvoVaginal Candidiasis. Methods : According to disease pattern identification diagnostic system based on shanghanlun provisions, The author diagnosed Taeyang-byung kyeolhyung. The symptoms of VulvoVaginal Candidiasis were worsen when the patient had long sitting position and digestive problems. Therefore the patient treated with Dahuanghuanglianxiexin-tang for 3 months. The severity of Candida Vaginitis was evaluated by patient's subjective statements(Vaginal pruritus, Vaginal secretion, Burning sensation). Results : After the treatment, Level of syptoms decreased from Severe to Trace and Eliminated. Conclusions : Dahuanghuanglianxiexin-tang improved the symptoms of VulvoVaginal Candidiasis on this study. Although Dahuanghuanglianxiexin-tang is not an usual treatment for VulvoVaginal Candidiasis, the author could prescribe the medicine due to shanghanlun six meridian patterns diagnostic system.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.124-138
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the interior warming herbs on vaginal microbes. Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginitis-induced microbes. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for normal vaginal florae. And herbs for warming the interior (Zingiberis Rhizoma, Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma, Aconiti Tuber, Anethi Fructus, Evodiae Fructus, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus, Caryophylli Flos, Aconiti Tube, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Piperis Longi Fructus, Piperis Nigri Fructus) were used in this study. Antimicrobial activities were tested by the change of optical densities (OD) and colony test in vitro. Results: In the results of vaginitis-induced microbes, Anethi Fructus was decreased the OD values on MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis and Aconiti Tuber was decreased on MRSA. There were no viable MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis colony forming against Evodiae Fructus, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA colony forming against Piperis Longi Fructus, Staphylococcus aureus colony forming against Piperis Nigri Fructus and MRSA colony forming against Zanthoxyli Pericarpium. In the results of normal vaginal florae, Zingiberis Rhizoma was decreased the OD values on Streptococcus spp. and all normal vaginal florae were showed viable colony forming against all experimental herbs. Conclusion: According to these results, we can suggest that some kinds of interior warming herbs have antimicrobial effects on vaginal microbes. So there might be needed to make furthermore studies to seek the herbs which have selective antimicrobial effect on pathologic vaginal microbes.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Objectives : US extract is a mixture of each extract of Ulmi cortex and Smilacis rhizoma. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and ovoprotective effects of US extract in in vitro model to identify potential candidates for improving female reproductive function. Methods : The antioxidant activity of US extract was measured using 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl free radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. The anti-inflammatory effect of US extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were determined with a nitric oxide (NO) assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, and western blots analysis. The antibacterial activity of US extract against vaginitis infection microorganisms were determined with disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. The ovoprotective effect of US extract on 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced ovotoxicity in CHO-K1 cells were evaluated with a cell viability assay. Result : US extract showed good antioxidant capacity and inhibited LPS-induced NO production as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 without affecting the cell viability. It showed significant clear zones for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans but did not indicate the clear zones for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium. VCD-induced ovotoxicity in CHO-K1 cells was significantly reduced by US extract pre-treatment. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that US extract has antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects on the LPS-stimulated macrophages, antibacterial activity against vaginitis infection microorganisms, and protective effects on the ovarian cells against VCD-induced ovotoxicity. These findings suggest that the US extract can be used as new prescriptions, supplements, functional foods, and cosmetics for improving female reproductive function.