• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2013

Candida infection of knee joint is very rare. Diagnosis of Candida infection is difficult due to lack of obvious clinical symptoms. Candida albicans is the most common strain in Candida infection of knee joint, but Candida pelliculosa has been rarely reported. We report a case of Candida pelliculosa infection of knee after intra-articular steroid injection, which was treated successfully by repeated arthroscopic debridement and irrigations and arthroscopic implantation with antifungal agent-impregnated cement bead spacer.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.488-500
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• 2022

Most fungal infections by opportunistic yeast pathogens such as Candida spp. are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with lowered immune. Previous studies have reported that some strains of Candida secret secondary metabolites play an important role in the decreasing of immunity in the infected patient. In this study, 110 Candida spp. were isolated from different clinical specimens from Baghdad hospitals. Candida isolates were identified by conventional methods, they were processed for Candida speciation on CHROMagar. The results of identification were confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Phylogenetic trees were analyzed with reference strains deposited in GenBank. Antifungal susceptibility testing was evaluated by the disc diffusion method and performed as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) M44-A document. Candida isolates investigated produce secondary metabolites gliotoxin with HPLC technique and quantification. Out of 110 Candida isolates, C. albicans (66.36%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by the isolates of C. tropicalis (10.9%) and C. glabrata (6.36%) respectively. Concerning the antifungal susceptibility test, Candida isolates showed a high level of susceptibility to Miconazole (70.9%), Itraconazole (68.2%), and Nystatine (64.5%). The ability of obtained isolates of Candida spp. to produce gliotoxin on RPMI medium was investigated, only 28 isolates had the ability to secret this toxin in culture filtrates. The highest concentrations were detected in C. albicans (1.048 ㎍/ml). Gliotoxin productivity of other Candida species was significantly lower. The retention time for gliotoxin was approximately 5.08 min.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-30
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• 1994

The synthesis of phospholipids and the composition of fatty acids were analyzed in the fungal cells of Aspergillus phoenicis, Rhizopus acidus and Candida albicans treated with carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, raffinose) during the culture. Growth ratios were predominantly in Aspergillus and Candida treated with sucrose and those in Rhizopus treated with glucose. The synthesis of total lipids were accelerated in Aspergillus and Rhizopus with glucose and the contents of total lipid was increased in Candida with raffinose. The glucose treatment increased Phosphatidylinositol(PI) content by 73.7% for Aspergillus and Phosphatidylcholine(PC) content by 292% for Rhizopus. In sucrose treatment the synthesis of PI was accelerated 112% for Aspergillus and that of PC was increased 77.7% for Rhizopus and 71.8% for Candida. In raffinose treatment, the content of PC was increased 79.5% for Aspergillus, the biosynthesis of Phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) was inhanced 50.9% for Rhizopus and 49.1% for Candida. In Aspergillus and Candida, oleic acid and linoleic acid were major fatty acids for biosynthesis of PC and PE when the three carbon sources were treated. The major fatty acids for biosynthesis of phospholipid was palmitic acid and linoleic acid in Aspergillus, palmitic acid in Rhizopus and oleic acid in Candida. Palmitic acid was one of major fatty acids utilized for the biosynthesis of phospholipid(PC, PE, PI) in the fungal cells treated with carbohydrates.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.402-408
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The goal of this study was to compare the adhesion of Candida albicans to the surfaces of CAD/CAM and conventionally fabricated complete denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty discs of acrylic resin poly (methyl methacrylate) were fabricated with CAD/CAM and conventional procedures (heat-polymerized acrylic resin). The specimens were divided into two groups: 10 discs were fabricated using the CAD/CAM procedure (Wieland Digital Denture Ivoclar Vivadent), and 10 discs were fabricated using a conventional flasking and pressure-pack technique. Candida colonization was performed on all the specimens using four Candida albicans isolates. The difference in Candida albicans adhesion on the discs was evaluated. The number of adherent yeast cells was calculated by the colony-forming units (CFU) and by Fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS. There was a significant difference in the adhesion of Candida albicans to the complete denture bases created with CAD/CAM and the adhesion to those created with the conventional procedure. The CAD/CAM denture bases exhibited less adhesion of Candida albicans than did the denture bases created with the conventional procedure (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The CAD/CAM procedure for fabricating complete dentures showed promising potential for reducing the adherence of Candida to the denture base surface. Clinical Implications. Complete dentures made with the CAD/CAM procedure might decrease the incidence of denture stomatitis compared with conventional dentures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.806-810
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• 2006

Candida utilis can assimilate fatty acids, so it was hypothesized that the treatment of rice by Candida utilis would improve feed quality by reducing fat content and adding the yeast function that would stimulate rumen microbes. In this study, the oil assimilation ability of Candida utilis IFO1086, 0988, 0626 and the effect of treatment of Candida utilis IFO1086, IFO0626 on the nutrient contents of rice bran were examined. The effect of Candida utilis addition on the in vitro degradability of forage was also investigated. It was found that the oil assimilating ability of IFO1086 and IFO0626 was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of IFO0988. Candida utilis treatment reduced the EE content and increased the CP, ADF and NDF percentage. The absolute amount of ether extract was decreased by 35.9% in IFO1086 and IFO0626 treatment. The absolute amount of crude protein was not changed by yeast treatment. The ADF and NDF amounts were increased. The addition of Candida utilis increased in vitro forage degradability significantly (p<0.05). Based on these results it can be postulated that treatment of rice bran by Candida utilis may improve feed quality by reducing fat content, increasing the CP content and adding the function of yeast for stimulating rumen microbes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10933-10935
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• 2015

Background: Many scientists have reported Candida species to be of great concern because of the high frequency that they colonize and infect human hosts, particularly cancer patients. Moreover, in the last decades Candida species have developed resistance to many antifungal agents. Based on this, we aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of Candida spp from blood culture bottles among cancer patients and their antifungal resistance pattern. Materials and Methods: From the blood culture bottles isolation and identification of the Candida spp were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. The in vitro antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was determined by CLSI guidelines. Genomic DNA was isolated and amplified. Each gene was separated by agar gel electrophoresis. Results: Identification of Candida spp was based on the presence of yeast cells in direct examination, culture and DNA extraction. Of the 68 blood samples collected during the study period (April 2013 to October 2013), five (7.35%) were positive for the presence of Candida spp, 2 (40%) of which were identified as Candida albicans and 3 (60%) were Candida non-albicans. Conclusions: High resistance to amphotricin B was observed among all the Candida non-albicans isolates. Regular investigations into antifungal resistance will help us to get an updated knowledge about their antibiotic resistance pattern which may help the physician in selecting the antibiotics for empirical therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.467-468
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• 1999

인도의 도축장에서 27두의 염소의 폐를 검사하여 진균성 폐렴의 발생을 조사하였다. 27두 중 노령의 쇠약한 암컷 염소 1두에서 Candida albicans에 의한 폐렴이 진단되었다. 이 염소의 부검소견으로서 폐엽에 다양한 경화와 회백색의 결정상 병변이 관찰되었다. 폐렴병변 조직의 날인표본을 만든 후 Gram과 PAS 염색을 한 결과 Candida albicans와 일치하는 많은 수의 가성균사와 효모균이 관찰되었다. 병변조직을 Pal 배지와 Sabouraud 한천배지에 접종한 결과 Candida albicans가 두텁게 증식되었다. 혈청으로 실시한 한천 겔 면역확산시험에서 Candida albicans에 대한 가느다란 침강선이 생성되었다. 쇠약하고 노령인 환축에 있어서 기회성 진균의 역할이 강조되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1998

In order to produce xylitol from hemicellulose hydrolysate which is widely used as a substrate, the development of strain such as catabolite derepressed mutant is required. After treatment of Candida sp. with EMS, GM-17 and PM-34 as catabolite derepressed mutant were isolated from Candida guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis, respectively. Mutant GM-17 and PM-34 simultaneously assimilated xylose and glucose during the fermentation. The specific xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities of mutant strains were also higher than those of wild strains in glucose medium and mixed medium of glucose and xylose. The xylitol productivity and yield of mutant GM-17 and PM-34 were improved as compared to the wild types in the mixed medium. The xylitol productivity and yield of mutant GM-17 were 0.09 g/L·hr and 0.56 g-xylitol/g-xylose, and those of mutant PM-34 were 0.21 g/L·hr and 0.52 g-xylitol/g-xylose in the mixed medium, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2003

As previously reported, an immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibody (MAb) B6.1, specific for a cell wall B-l,2-mannotriose, was protective against vaginal infection due to Candida albicans when mice were treated with the antibody. In this study, the role of neutrophil was examined in the protective effect of MAb B6.1 against vaginal infection. To deplete neutrophils, mice were given intravenously rat anti-mouse neutrophile MAb RB6-8C5 prior to intraperitoneal administration of MAb B6.1 to these mice. The mice were examined for antibody in their reproductive tract. By an ELISA, MAb B6.1 was found in the vaginal homogenates, but no antibody was detected in vaginal lavage materials. The neutropenia was induced by a single dose of the anti-neutrophil antibody, but lymphocytes were also partially depleted. The protective effect of MAb B6.1 was decreased when mice pretreated with MAb RB6-8C5 were given the anti-Candida antibody before challenge with C. albicans yeast cells intravaginally. These results show that neutrophils are involved in the MAb B6.1 protection against Candida vaginal infection.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2002

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the identification of two Candida species-albicans and dubliniensis. Three sets of primers were selected from different genomic sequences to specifically amplify a 516 bp fragment within the tops gene, specific for several species of the genus Candida (CCL primers); a 239 bp fragment within the $\alpha$INT1 gene, specific for Candida albicans (CAL primers); and a 175 bp fragment within the ALSD1 gene, specific for Candida dubliniensis (CDL primers). Using the primers in conjunction (multiplex PCR), we were able to detect both C. albicans and C. dubliniensis and to differentiate between them. The detection limit of the PCR assay was approximately 10 cells per milliliter of saline. Thus, this multiplex PCR assay can be applied for differentiation of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis from clinical specimens.