• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 1992

We underwent two surgical resection of synchronous primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma after obtaining histologic comfirmation 74-years old male pateint was recieved esophagectomy & total gastrectomy with esophagojejunostomy and 59-years old man was recieved near total esophagectomy and total gastrectomy with esophagocolo-gejunostomy. Their was no postoperative complications. The hospital day was 15 and 21 days postoperatively. All of them started oral intake at 7 days postoperatively and possible soft diet soon. We conclude that total resection of esophagus and stomach is the recommendable methods for prolong the life of double primary cancer patients of esophagus and stomach. Also, the reconstruction of the esophagus with colon or jejunal transposition is one of the recommenable procedure for curative surgical resection of double primary cancer in esophagus and stomach. And we also wish to emphasize the importance of detailed preopertive gastric examination for detect of gastric lesion and of careful intraoperative inspection of the gastric mucosa in patients with esophageal cancer whose preoperative gastric examination provide inconclusive evidence due to the severe esophageal stenosis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.4 s.63
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• pp.740-750
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• 1998

The methods for the early diagnosis of breast cancer are mammography, physical examination, breast self-examination(BSE). This study was conducted to investigate the knowledge and practice of BSE by structured questionnaire which included questions on general characteristics, performance of mammography, physical examination of breast, knowledge and practice of BSE. The subjects in this study were 412 females between 20 and 69 year old who visit to the Health Care Center of College of medicine of Inje University from December 1997 to February 1998. The results were as follows. 1. Women who have Soften the regular mammography are 8.19% of these subjects and women who have gotten the regular physical examination by doctors are 4.19% of these subjects. 2. Regarding BSE, 77.4% of these subjects said that they knew BSE and 3.88% of these subjects said that they practiced BSE regularly. It was that women who knew BSE were more younger, better-educated and higher economic status(p=0.001) and lived a normal life with he. husband(p=0.033). And women who practiced BSE regularly were more younger, and married(p=0.001). 3. The most common barrier to doing BSE is 'Do not see the needs/worry unnecessarily', and the most common reasons for doing BSE is 'Early detection of Breast cancer'. 4. The overall frequency and percentage distribution of recommended BSE step in Korea is lower than U.S.A.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.402-408
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• 2016

Background: Ascertainment bias are common in epidemiologic studies to assess the association between thyroid cancer risk and living near nuclear power plants because many thyroid cancers are diagnosed by chance through health examination. We surveyed the ultra sonography (USG) examination history and conducted thyroid and breast USG in residents living near nuclear power plants. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 2,421 residents living near nuclear power plants in Korea. Information on demographic characteristics, including diagnostic examination history, was collected by interview using questionnaires. USG examination was conducted to evaluate the presence of thyroid nodules and breast lesion. Study participants were divided into 3 groups according to the distance of their respective villages from a nuclear power plant. The proportions of USG examination history and prevalence of thyroid nodules and breast lesions were compared between groups. Results and Discussion: Examination histories of thyroid USG were 23.1%, 13.7%, and 10.5% in men and 31.3%, 26.7%, 18.3% in women in the short, intermediate, and long distance groups, respectively. There were significant inverse associations between thyroid USG history and the distance from nuclear power plants (P for trend = 0.001 for men and 0.017 for women). However, there was no association between the distance of villages from nuclear power plants and prevalence of thyroid nodules. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there may be an ascertainment bias in population-based studies examining the harmful effects of NPPs examination and researchers should pay attention to ascertainment bias resulted from differential health examination. Correction for ascertainment bias, active follow-up and examination for all study population to remove differential health examination is needed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 1998

Purpose : To assess knowledge levels of cancer warning signs, a descriptive study wad conducted in Chungju rural area. Materials and Methods : We conducted a population-based study of men women who were 30 years of age or older, living in a three myens of Chungju rural area. Of 8,026 residents in 3 Myens, 1,148 adults(30 years of age or older) were completed structured questionnaire survey from July 21, 1997 to July 26, 1997. 7 cancer warning signs were used to assess knowledge level of cancer warning signs. Results : Participants in this study were poorly informed about the cancer warning signs, and the 24.9% of participants and divided by two groups. The high level group was 19.3%, and the low 80.7%. In this initial univariate analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs: age, sex, education, living with parter, annual income, smoking status, hepatitis vaccination, perceived possibility of cancer, previous cancer-screening examinations. In multivariate logistic analysis, we found three variables, sex, education level, previous pap-smear test, are significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs. The knowledge level was higher among women, people with higher education, and those who had previous pap-smear examination. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that cancer warning signs are not common knowledge among the rural public. It also indicates the need for cancer education to improve knowledge in the rural public and the develop education programmes targeted especially at the old, men, and those who had not cancer screening examination should be considered to plan.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.281-291
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• 2013

This study is the secondary statistical analysis calculating the quality of life of patients with cancer by giving the integrative weight based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data of the Centers for Disease Control for five years from 2007 to 2011 for the first time in Korea. The results of measurement showed that the number of cancer patients was 201, which accounted for about 0.8 % of 26,260 subjects. The quality of life of cancer patients was higher when they had lower age(p<0.0001), more professional occupations(p<0.0001), and higher educational history(p=0.0002). When they lived in apartment(p<0.0001), got unmarried(p<0.0001), the quality of life was higher. In particular, the measurement of quality of life of cancer patients based on type of health insurance was the result of new study for the first time in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8095-8099
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• 2014

Background: Worldwide, over half a million women died of breast cancer in 2011 alone. Mammography screening is associated with a reduction of 20 to 35% in breast cancer mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and practice of mammography screening and predictors of its uptake in Malaysian women attending a primary care clinic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among women aged 40 to 74 years attending a primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia. An assisted structured questionnaire included questions on socio-demography, source of information and level of knowledge. An adapted version of the revised Champion Health Belief Model Scale plus other associated factors for mammography screening up-take were also included as part of the questionnaire. Predictors for mammography screening uptake were only determined in those who were aware about mammography screening. Significant predictors were determined by logistic regression. Results: 447 women were recruited for this study; 99.1% of them (n: 411) were aware about breast cancer. Only 50.1% (n: 206) had knowledge about mammography screening. Prevalence of clinical breast-examination (CBE) was 23.3% (n: 104) and mammography screening up-take was 13.2% (n: 59). The predictors for the latter were those who have had clinical breast-examination (aOR=17.58, 95%CI: 7.68-39.82) and those aged between 50 to 59 years (aOR=3.94, 95%CI: 1.61-9.66) as well as those aged 60 years and above (aOR=6.91, 95%CI: 2.28-20.94). Good knowledge and positive beliefs about mammography screening were not associated with mammography screening uptake. Conclusions: Half of our Malaysian women were aware about mammography screening. However, the uptake of mammography was low. Previous CBE and older age were significant predictors of mammography screening uptake. Increasing CBE services may increase compliance with guidelines.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2011

Regional differences between large cities and rural areas are observed in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). This present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary factors on hypertension risk in Korean populations, especially residents of the Chungcheong province which was not in metropolitan area, using KNHANES III. A total of 544 adults aged ${\geq}$ 19 years were placed into either the normotensive or the hypertensive group. Subject characteristics, BMI, blood pressure, and nutrient intakes were compared between the two groups using a chi-square test and t-test. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) using multiple logistic regression, adjusted for energy intake and selected covariates. There were significant differences in age, education level, alcohol consumption, and BMI between the normotensive and hypertensive groups. We found decreased ORs for the medium versus lowest tertile of calcium intake (multivariate OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.21-0.88), for the highest versus lowest tertile of calcium intake (multivariate OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.90) with significant trends in risk (P=0.040), and for the medium versus lowest tertile of potassium intake (multivariate OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.89). Subjects with the highest sodium/calcium ratio had a 2.10-fold greater risk of hypertension compared to the subject with the lowest, with significant trends in risk (P=0.002). Adequate calcium and potassium intake should be encouraged and regional differences should be considered in making a healthy plan for hypertension management.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3087-3091
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• 2014

Purpose: To determine the utility of digital rectal examination (DRE), serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) estimation, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Materials and Methods: All patients with abnormal DRE, TRUS, or serum tPSA >4ng/ml, in any combination, underwent TRUS-guided needle biopsy. Eight cores of prostatic tissue were obtained from different areas of the peripheral prostate and examined histopathologically for the nature of the pathology. Results: PCa was detected in 151 (50.3%) patients, remaining 149 (49.7%) showed benign changes with or without active prostatitis. PCa was detected in 13 (56.5%), 9 (19.1%), 26 (28.3%), and 103 (74.6%) of patients with tPSA <4 ng/ml, 4-10 ng/ml, 10-20 ng/ml and >20 ng/ml respectively. Only 13 patients with PCa had abnormal DRE and TRUS with serum PSA <4 ng/ml. The detection rate was highest in patients with tPSA >20 ng/ml. The association between tPSA level and cancer detection was statistically significant (p<0.01). Among 209 patients with abnormal DRE and raised serum PSA, PCa was detected in 128 (61.2%). Conclusions: The incidence of PCa increases with increasing serum level of tPSA. The overall screening and detection rate can be further improved by using DRE, TRUS and TRUS-guided prostate needle biopsies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5133-5138
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and a major public health problem in developing countries. However, early detection and treatment may be achieved by breast self-examination (BSE). Despite the importance of BSE in reducing the incidence of breast cancer and esultant deaths, the disease continues to be the most common cause of cancer death among women in Iran.This study aimed to determine the effects of self-care education on performance of BSE among women referring to health centers in our country. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental interventional study with pretest/posttest control group design was conducted on 168 women referred to health centers. The data were collected using a validated researcher-made questionnaire including demographic variables and trans-theoretical model constructs as well as a checklist assessing BSE behavior. The instruments were administered to groups with and without self-care education before, a week after, and 10 weeks after the intervention. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (version 19) and analyzed using independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Results: The results showed an increase in the intervention group's mean scores of trans-theoretical model constructs (stages of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and processes of change) and BSE behavior compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study confirmed the effectiveness of aneducational intervention based ona trans-theoretical model in performing BSE. Therefore, designing educational interventions based on this model is recommended to improve women's health and reduce deaths due to breast cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2000

Multiple primary lung cancer is not common and classified as a synchronous primary lung cancer and a metachronous primary lung cancer. We experienced one case of the triple synchronous primary lung cancer of different cell types. We conducted right pneumonectomy for preoperative diagnosed neuronendocrine tumor of the RUL and adenocarcinoma of the RLL. Pathologic examination revealed the carcinoid tumor of RUL bronchus, the squamous carcinoma of the RML and the adenocarcinoma of the RLL.