• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 1975

In order to investigate the possibility of wine-making with the grape variety cultivating in Korea, the basic analysises were carried out; analysis of the grape maturity during ripening period, the composition of grape juice, and the chemical components of wine from different varieties. Also the yeasts existing naturally on the grape were isolated and identified. For the selection of strain, the characteristics of 6 strains were studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The reducing sugar content increased considerably during two weeks after the ordinary grape-gathering period. 2. The sugar content was highest in Muscat bailey A, which could be fermented naturally. The other varieties, Campbell Early, Steuben, and Alden needed chaptalisation for wine-making. 3. The permanaganate number and the methanol content of wine from all varieties were lower than french wine. 4. The sensory evaluation of wine showed that the pink wine was appreciated better than the red wine of same variety and the foxy taste of wine from hybrid grape influenced little to Korean. 5. The selected 6 strains were identified as Saccharomyces chevaliers, Saccharomyces capensis and Saccharomyces globosus. The strain No. 3 and No. 4 showed the most excellent characters for wine-making.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.691-695
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• 2010

In order to find correlations between the sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis in 'Campbell Early' grape, grapes were divided into three parts. One-half parts were used for the sensory evaluation and the other half were used as samples for instrumental analysis. Relationship between sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis were studied through correlation study using 48-paired data set obtained during storage. Soluble solid content analysis showed that instrumental quality attributes increased along the passage of storage time with increasing temperature. pH and titratable acidity decreased slightly at lower storage temperatures. Correlations between instrumental quality attributes in grapes were found to be very low. Positive correlation was found between pH and soluble solid content, and negative correlation was found between pH and titratable acidity. The relation of sourness and sweetness to sourness was higher than other sensory evaluation factors, and the shape of the grapes was found to have little relation to their sweetness. Texture ($r^2$=0.890) was found to be the most important factor in preference, followed next by sweetness with sourness ($r^2$=0.860). The correlations between the sensory evaluation and instrumental quality attributes were found to be very low, with overall acceptability given to a relatively high content of soluble solid content. Correlations between pH and titratable acidity in terms of overall acceptability were found to be very low.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 2017

Shoot and the fruit growth characteristics of 'Campbell Early' grape cultivar were investigated after vine thinning using the main branch leader. Before vine thinning, branch diameter was 11.8 mm, but it decreased to 9.3 mm after vine thinning. The number of shoots per vine increased to 55.9-64.5 after vine thinning. The number of fruit clusters per shoot was higher (1.5-1.75) in the vine thinning plot than in the control (0.8). Consequently, the number of clusters per vine was 98.1-106.5 in the vine thinning plot, while that in the control was 24.4-28.0. However, soluble sugar content (SSC) and tartaric acidity showed no significant differences between the control and the vine thinning plot. The proportion of >351 g fruit cluster weight after vine thinning (81.0%) was significantly higher than that of the control (32.5%). These results imply that fruit quality based on the variation in cluster weight and fruit yield was enhanced by vine thinning using the main branch leader.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2015

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of application wide plastic shelter (WPS) in the 'Campbell Early' grape. WPS was developed 30cm wider than standard plastic shelter (SPS; 210cm). Under the plastic shelter, the average daily temperature was $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient temperature, but WPS treatment was $0.5{\sim}1^{\circ}C$ higher than SPS treatment. However, relative humidity 15~20% lower than ambient and shown different result between two treatments annually. The occurrence of brown leaf spot disease caused by Pseudocecospora vitis on the vineyard decreased 55.6% (2012) and 17.2% (2013) under WPS than SPS. Grape bunches collected two harvest seasons (2012, 2013), were analyzed fruit quality (total soluble solid; TSS, titratable acidity; TA, berry weight, berry size). In 2012, grapes had no differences in the quality of two treatments, but in 2013, significantly increase $0.4^{\circ}Bx$ of TSS and decrease 0.8% of TA on the WPS than SPS. It suggests that the application WPS reduced the incidence of brown leaf spot disease annually, and then affect to the fruit quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.881-888
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• 2010

We investigated the influence of carbonic maceration (CM) at different temperatures on the enological characteristics of Campbell Early grape must. Total acid levels decreased after 5 d, as CM temperature increased. All of pH; redness; and total anthocyanin, polyphenol, and tannin concentrations increased as CM temperature increased. Malic acid concentration fell at high CM temperatures, but lactic acid level increased under such conditions. Polyphenol levels and antioxidant activity were higher when CM was conducted at $35^{\circ}C$ than at other temperatures. The results show that the temperature of CM treatment greatly influences wine quality factors such as color, taste, and antioxidant capacity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Recently, it is increasing the grape farm which is converted from paddy field to orchard. These soil which are poor drainage extremely also can be damaged a lot by excessive water or flooding during heavy rain season on summer. Therefore the aim of this study was carried out to measure the changes of soil water potential and to compare the growth responses of 'Jinok' (Vitis spp.) and 'Campbell Early' (V. labruscana) grapes under three drainage systems (control, conventional drainage, and under drainage). After heavy rain, soil water potential holding times above -15 kpa applied water excessive were 352, 348 and 180 hours in control, conventional, and under drainage systems, respectively. The clay content of the under drainage system was lower than the other systems about 8-12%. The crop water stress index was lowest in the under drainage and highest in the control. Also, photosynthetic rate has showed the opposite result with crop water stress index. It was significant differences between the treatments but, the value has not shown significantly different between the varieties. In addition, leaf area and the trunk growth rate was more effective in under drainage than in the control and conventional drainage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.94-101
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• 2008

Warming trends during winter seasons in East Asian regions are expected to accelerate in the future according to the climate projection by the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Warmer winters may affect short-term cold hardiness of deciduous fruit trees, and yet phenological observations are scant compared to long-term climate records in the regions. Dormancy depth, which can be estimated by daily temperature, is expected to serve as a reasonable proxy for physiological tolerance of flowering buds to low temperature in winter. In order to delineate the geographical pattern of short-term cold hardiness in grapevines, a selected dormancy depth model was parameterized for "Campbell Early", the major cultivar in South Korea. Gridded data sets of daily maximum and minimum temperature with a 270m cell spacing ("High Definition Digital Temperature Map", HDDTM) were prepared for the current climatological normal year (1971-2000) based on observations at the 56 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) stations and a geospatial interpolation scheme for correcting land surface effects (e.g., land use, topography, and site elevation). To generate relevant datasets for climatological normal years in the future, we combined a 25km-resolution, 2011-2100 temperature projection dataset covering South Korea (under the auspices of the IPCC-SRES A2 scenario) with the 1971-2000 HD-DTM. The dormancy depth model was run with the gridded datasets to estimate geographical pattern of change in the cold-hardiness period (the number of days between endo- and forced dormancy release) across South Korea for the normal years (1971-2000, 2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100). Results showed that the cold-hardiness zone with 60 days or longer cold-tolerant period would diminish from 58% of the total land area of South Korea in 1971-2000 to 40% in 2011-2040, 14% in 2041-2070, and less than 3% in 2071-2100. This method can be applied to other deciduous fruit trees for delineating geographical shift of cold-hardiness zone under the projected climate change in the future, thereby providing valuable information for adaptation strategy in fruit industry.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2001

The objective of this research was to develop a screening system for selection of grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)-resistant grape cultivars or seedlings under greenhouse condition. Inoculum concentrations ranging from $10^4$ to $10^5spores/mL$ for screening of resistance were evaluated and $5{\times}10^4spores/mL$ was optimum. Of the tested 14 grape cultivars, Campbell Early and Niagara were resistant to grape downy mildew, Sheridan and Cheongsoo were moderate resistant, while Kaiji, Red Queen and Ruby Okuyama were susceptible under both greenhouse and field conditions. Vitis vinifera grape cultivars were more susceptible to grape downy mildew than V. vinifera-labrusca hybrids and V. vinifera-labrusca-aestivalis hybrids. In V. vinifera-labrusca hybrids, tetraploid grape cultivars were more susceptible than diploid culivars. The evaluated results of grape downy mildew resistance under greenhouse condition were in accordance with those of field condition. Results of this study indicated that both greenhouse and field procedures could be used to screen grape cultivars and seedlings for downy mildew resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.889-899
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• 2017

To investigate the quality characteristics of domestic $ros{\acute{e}}$ wines marketed in Korea, 11 kinds of wines were purchased at the Korea Wine Festival in 2016. The color, physiological activity, aroma component and sensory evaluations were conducted. The hue value of $ros{\acute{e}}$ wines ranged from 0.592 to 1.990, with the Ro7 of Delaware having the highest value. The brightness of $ros{\acute{e}}$ wines ranged from 42.96 to 94.99, the redness from 3.20 to 59.37, and the yellowness from 8.43 to 24.83. Of the 11 $ros{\acute{e}}$ wines evaluated, 1 was a dry wine and 10 were sweet wines. The average sugar content of the sweet wines was 73.89 mg/mL. Among the organic acid contents, malic acid ranged from 0.214 to 2.903 mg/mL, and lactic acid content ranged from 0 to 3.423 mg/mL. Malolactic fermentation differed, depending on the source. The total polyphenol content of $ros{\acute{e}}$ wines ranged from 50.55 to 99.55 mg%, the anthocyanin content was 2.12 to 213.30 mg/L, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of $ros{\acute{e}}$ wines was between 73.75 to 90.41%. A total of 41 volatile components were detected, including 7 alcohols, 22 esters, 4 terpenes, 3 acids and 5 other compounds. Of these, 9 compounds had odor activity value(OAV) greater than 1; these were identified as 1-propanol (alcohol, pungent), 3-methyl-1-butanol (harsh, nail polish), ethyl butanoate (strawberry, lactic), isopentyl acetate (fresh, banana), ethyl hexanoate (green apple, fruity), ethyl octanoate (pineapple, pear, floral), ethyl decanoate (fruity, fatty, pleasant), linalool (flower, lavender) and limonene (lemone, orange). As a result of the sensory evaluation, the Ro5 wine made from Campbell Early grape, and having a good color, flavor and taste, was the most preferred.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.290-295
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• 2015

The experiment were carried out in 7-year-old ‘Campbell Early’ grape to increase work efficiency by fruit cluster thinning methods (Pedicel and berry thinning). Pedicel thinning, such as labor-saving cluster thinning of grape, was 6.7 fold higher than the berry thinning for work efficiency. The fruit cluster weight and number of berry were lower in the fruit cluster thinning fruits than in the none-fruit cluster thinning, however, the soluble solid content (SSC) was high and titratable acidity (TA) was low in the fruit cluster thinning fruits than in the none-fruit cluster thinning fruits. Therefore, the bruising rate of berries was decreased in the fruit cluster thinning fruits. Quality uniformity by fruit cluster thinning was proper in fruit cluster weight of 350~450 g when SSC and TA in part of lower, middle and upper of cluster was considered.