• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2008

From the 70% EtOH extract of the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae), eleven flavonoid derivatives and a lignan, were isolated and identified as liquiritigenin (1), daidzein (2), formononetin (3), sophorophenolone (4), calycosin (5), methylnissolin (6), isomucronulatol (7), isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside (8), methylnissolin 3-O-glucoside (9), calycosin 7-O-glucoside (10), (+)-syringaresinol O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (11), and isomucronulatol 7,2'-di-O-glucoside (12), by spectroscopic methods. This is the second report of the isoflavonoid derivatives sophorophenolone (4) and isomucronulatol 7,2'-di-O-glucoside (12) from a natural source, as well as the first report of compounds liquiritigenin (1), daidzein (2) and (+)-syringaresinol O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (11) from the species A. membranaceus.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2018

Background: Astragalus membranaceus belonging to the Leguminosae family is often utilized as a traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to elucidate the basic breeding information required to develop short stem A. membranaceus cultivars. Methods and Results: Roots of A. membranaceus advanced yield trial (AYT) lines were harvested in late October 2017. Root yield of six AYT lines were increased in a range of 8.9 - 74.8% compared with 'Aseong' as control (check variety). The height of seven AYT lines were shorter than that of 'Aseong'. In addition, stem diameter of nine AYT lines was thicker than that of 'Aseong'. Consequently, 1502-56, 1503-90, and 1510-80 were selected as elite lines for the development of short stem cultivars. HPLC analysis was perfromed to identify lines with high level active components such as calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and calycosin. The levels of both active components were higher in 1502-56, and 1503-90, but not in 1510-80 compared to 'Aseong'. In addition, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was higher in the 1502-56 compared to 'Aseong'. Considering these results, two AYT lines, 1502-56 and 1503-90 were selected as short stem lines with high calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and calycosin content. Conclusions: Taken together, Two short stem lines were identified in this study. In our future study, regional yield trial (RYT) will be conducted using these selected lines to develop new cultivars.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2001

The root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Leguminosae), which has been used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic hepatitis, duodenal ulcers, chronic nephritis and promotion of immunity in folk remedies. Several lines of evidence indicate that oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) may play an important role in atherogenesis. Hence, the role of antioxidants in the prevention of LDL oxidation needs to be determined. To investigate the antioxidant activity. we determined the MeOH ex. and fractions of Astragali Radix on the inhibition of LDL oxidation. The CH$_2$C1$_2$ and EtOAc orations inhibited the oxidative modification of LDL by a decrease in the lipid peroxide content and the electrophoretic mobility of LDL. Calycosin-7-0-$\beta$-D -glucoside which was isolated from EtOAc fraction inhibits the oxidative modification of LDL.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2013

This study has been conducted to establish the optimal extraction process and HPLC analysis method for the determination of marker compounds as a part of the materials standardization for the development of health functional food materials from Astragali radix. Five extraction conditions including the shaking extraction at room temperature and the reflux extraction at $85^{\circ}C$ with 30%, 50% and 95% ethanol were evaluated. Reflux extraction with 50% ethanol showed the highest extraction yield as $27.27{\pm}2.27%$, while the extraction under reflux with 95% ethanol showed significantly the lowest yield of $10.55{\pm}0.24%$. The quantitative determination methods of calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and calycosin as marker compounds of Astragali radix extracts were optimized by HPLC analysis using a Thermo Hypersil column ($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$) with the gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at the flow rate of $0.8mLmin^{-1}$ and a detection wavelength of 230nm. The HPLC/UV method was applied successfully to the quantification of two marker compounds in Astragali radix extracts after validation of the method with the linearity, accuracy and precision. The contents of calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and calycosin in 50% ethanol extracts by reflux extraction were significantly higher as $1,700.3{\pm}30.4$ and $443.6{\pm}8.4{\mu}g-1$, respectively, comparing with those in other extracts. The results indicate that the reflux extraction with 50% ethanol at $85^{\circ}C$ is optimal for the extraction of Astragali radix, and the established HPLC method are very useful for the evaluation of marker compounds in Astragali radix extracts to develop the health functional material from Astragali radix.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권4호통권127호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2001

The root of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Leguminosae), which has been used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic hepatitis, duodenal ulcers, chronic nephritis and promotion of immunity in folk remedies. Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) is responsible for the production of large amounts of proinflammatory prostaglandins (PGs) at the inflammatory site. Thus, a logical approach to the treatment of inflammatory disease should involve the inhibitors of COX-2. To develop new COX-2 inhibitors from natural products, Astragali Radix was screened by inhibiting prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ generation in the culture medium using enzyme immunometric assay. Two isoflavone glycosides, $7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ and $calycosin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ isolated from Astragali Radix inhibited COX-2 activity.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2019

Background: Astragali radix (A) and Lithospermi radix (L) have long been used as traditional medicines due to their known anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed at evaluating, their optimal mixing ratio and their functional compounds by investigating the inhibitory effects of mixed extracts of A and L and their active compounds on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Methods and Results: A and L extracts were obtained by extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ using 50% and 70% fermented alcohol, respectively, and then mixed at a ratio of 5 : 5, 6 : 4, 7 : 3 and 8 : 2 (w/w). The activities of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 were evaluated in interleukin-1beta ($IL-1{\beta}$)-induced SW1353 cells. The extract mixtures showed synergistic inhibitory effects on MMP-3 and MMP-13, higher than the effects of the individual A and L extracts. The 7 : 3 mixture (ALM16) showed the most effective MMPs inhibitory activity, while among the active ingredients, calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and lithospermic acid exhibited excellent MMPs inhibitory activity. Additionally, an HPLC method was established for simultaneous quantification of the effective components of the extract mixtures, and validated by measuring the linearity, precision and accuracy of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Conclusions: ALM16 showed the most effective MMPs inhibitory activity. Calycosin-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, calycosin and lithospermic acid were identified as useful candidates, as they were the major functional compounds in the MMP inhibitory activity. Summarily, ALM16 might be a highly effective in osteoarthritis management, owing to its because it exhibits a protective effect on cartilage via excellent inhibition of MMPs.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.680-688
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 상황버섯 균사체를 황기에 배양하여 이용성 및 기능성을 증진시킨 식품 및 소재를 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 기초연구를 실시하였다. 수분함량, pH, 산도 및 환원당을 측정함으로서 균사체 배양 황기의 변화를 관찰한 결과 수분함량 및 pH는 균사체 배양기간이 지남에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면 산도는 시간이 지남에 따라 오히려 대체적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 환원당 함량 측정결과 배양 30일차 황기가 대조구에 비해 약 2배 증가한 0.61 g/100 g으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타냈고, 배양 10, 20일차는 각각 0.36, 0.42 g/100 g 으로 대조구보다 다소 증가한 함량을 나타냈다. 추출용매에 따른 균사체 배양 황기의 추출수율 결과 열수추출물이 40.18~41.99% 범위로 80% 에탄올 추출물의 28.70~33.18%보다 높게 나타났다. 유리당 함량 분석결과 80% 에탄올 추출물 및 열수추출물의 모든 실험구에서 배양기간이 지남에 따라 fructose 및 sucrose의 함량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유리아미노산은 필수아미노산 8종을 포함해서 총 17종이 검출되었으며 상황버섯균 배양 황기의 주요 아미노산은 arginine, alanine, aspartic acid 및 valine 으로 확인되었다. 아미노산의 총 함량은 배양기간이 지남에 따라 20일차까지 소폭 증가 한 뒤 30일차 감소하였으며, 그 중 배양 20일차가 121.47 mg%으로 배양일 중 가장 증가한 함량을 보였다. 상황버섯균 배양 황기의 성분 함량을 분석한 결과 열수 추출물의 배양 30일차에서 calycosin-7-o-${\beta}$-d-glucoside은 3.30 mg/100 g, ononin은 2.85 mg/100 g으로 대조구에 비해 각각 5배, 5.1배 감소하였으며, calycosin 및 formononetin 함량은 3.91 mg/100 g, 1.38 mg/100 g으로 대조구에 비해 각각 8.7배와 7.7배 증가한 함량으로 다른 배양일 보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 이는 황기에 존재하는 배당체인 calycosin-7-o-${\beta}$-d-glucoside 및 ononin (Formononetin-7-O-${\beta}$-d-glucoside) 성분이 aglycon 형태로 전환이 된 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 분석결과는 상황버섯 균사체 배양을 통한 황기의 이화학적특성 변화를 초래하여 기능성을 증대 시킬 수 있음을 확인하였고, 추후 긍정적 영향을 미칠 수 있는 천연소재로서 산업적 활용이 가능할 것이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2019

본 연구는 황기의 최적의 볶음 공정을 하였을 때 항산화 활성의 변화를 확인하기 위해 DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assay, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 calycosin, formononetin과 이의 배당체인 calycosin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, Formononetin7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside의 분석을 실시하였다. 또한 UVB 처리로 산화적 스트레스를 유발한 HDF 세포에 추출물을 처리하여 DNA의 손상을 억제하는지 확인하였다. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging assay 는 2R-AM 추출물에서 항산화 활성이 가장 좋았으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 1R-AM 추출물이 NR-AM과 비교하였을 때 월등히 증가하였지만, 2R-AM과 3R-AM과는 크게 차이가 없었다. 볶음 공정을 통한 황기는 calycosin와 formononetin의 함량이 2R-AM 추출물에서 가장 높게 측정되었다. HDF 세포에서 추출물들은 $200{\mu}g/mL$까지 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, 추출물 모두 자외선에 의해 손상된 HDF 세포에서 DNA 보호효능을 유의성 있게 증가시켰다. 특히 2R-AM 추출물의 활성은 정상세포와 유사한 수준으로 보호효과를 나타내었다. 결과를 종합해봤을 때, 볶음공정을 통한 황기 추출물은 지표 성분의 변화로 인하여 자외선에 의한 피부보호효과를 증가하였을 것이라 판단되며 이는 건강기능식품이나 화장품 원료로써 가능성을 시사한다.