• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.484-487
• /
• 2009

It is not uncommon for hemangiomas to occur in the calvarium, accounting for about 10% of the benign skull tumors. A 46-year-old man was presented with a palpable scalp mass on the left parietal region. Past medical history indicated that he had undergone cranioplasty 25 years prior due to a depressed skull fracture suffered from a traffic accident. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed mixed signal intensity mass on T1 -and T2- weighted images pushing a linear signal void lesion outward in the left parietal region. After total surgical removal along with cranioplasty, he was discharged without neurological deficits. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed a cavernous hemangioma. A skull hemangioma occurring at the site of a cranioplasty has not yet been reported. Therefore, authors report this case in combination with a pertinent literature review.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the apoptosis induction in tissues constituting the craniofacial region of growing rat by irradiation. Materials and Methods: The submandibular gland, brain, articular cartilage of condylar head, and calvarium were extracted from 20-day-old rats irradiated 10 Gy. Apoptosis of each tissue was examined by DNA fragmentation and estimated quantitatively using apoptotic index on TUNEL assay. Apoptotic index of each tissue was calculated by the equation for apoptotic cells/total cells × 1,000 on the images of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Apoptotic index was analyzed statistically according to the time lapse after irradiation on the tissues. Results : In the submandibular gland, apoptotic index was significantly increased from 6 hours after irradiation showing the highest value at 12 hours and decreased to the control level at 3 days after irradiation. In the brain, apoptotic index was abruptly reached to the maximum value at 6 hours after irradiation and decreased to the control level at 4 days after irradiation. Articular cartilage and calvarium showed no or little apoptotic signals. The results obtained by the apoptotic index accorded with that of DNA fragmentation. Conclusion : Radiation was closely related with the apoptosis of submandibular gland and brain but, not related with the apoptosis of the articular cartilage of condylar head and calvarium. The changes induced by radiation of the hard tissues would not be explained by apoptosis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.41
• /
• pp.52.1-52.8
• /
• 2019

Background: A compact passive oxide layer can grow on tantalum (Ta). It has been reported that this oxide layer can facilitate bone ingrowth in vivo though the development of bone-like apatite, which promotes hard and soft tissue adhesion. Thus, Ta surface treatment on facial implant materials may improve the tissue response, which could result in less fibrotic encapsulation and make the implant more stable on the bone surface. The purposes of this study were to verify whether surface treatment of facial implant materials using Ta can improve the biohistobiological response and to determine the possibility of potential clinical applications. Methods: Two different and commonly used implant materials, silicone and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), were treated via Ta ion implantation using a Ta sputtering gun. Ta-treated samples were compared with untreated samples using in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Osteoblast (MG-63) and fibroblast (NIH3T3) cell viability with the Ta-treated implant material was assessed, and the tissue response was observed by placing the implants over the rat calvarium (n = 48) for two different lengths of time. Foreign body and inflammatory reactions were observed, and soft tissue thickness between the calvarium and the implant as well as the bone response was measured. Results: The treatment of facial implant materials using Ta showed a tendency toward increased fibroblast and osteoblast viability, although this result was not statistically significant. During the in vivo study, both Ta-treated and untreated implants showed similar foreign body reactions. However, the Ta-treated implant materials (silicone and ePTFE) showed a tendency toward better histological features: lower soft tissue thickness between the implant and the underlying calvarium as well as an increase in new bone activity. Conclusion: Ta surface treatment using ion implantation on silicone and ePTFE facial implant materials showed the possibility of reducing soft tissue intervention between the calvarium and the implant to make the implant more stable on the bone surface. Although no statistically significant improvement was observed, Ta treatment revealed a tendency toward an improved biohistological response of silicone and ePTFE facial implants. Conclusively, tantalum treatment is beneficial and has the potential for clinical applications.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.37-39
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a heterogenous group of Langerhans cell proliferative disorders and includes eosinophilic granuloma, Letterer-Siwe diseases, and Hand-Schuller Christian disease. We report a case of eosinophilic granuloma on frontal area. Methods: A 17-year-old male presented with swelling and tenderness on Lt. frontal and periorbital area. CT and MRI showed a $33{\times}25mm$ sized mass that involved Lt. frontal calvarium, frontotemporal meninges, and orbital roof. Results: Total excision of the mass and adjacent soft tissue, calvarium, and orbital roof was performed. Orbital roof defect was reconstructed with absorbable plate and calvarial defect was done with outer cortex of temporal bone flap. The histology revealed proliferation of histiocytes and eosinophils. Immunologically, these histiocytic cells expressed S-100 protein and CD1a. The patient is currently taking conservative treatment. Conclusion: The severity of these disease and their prognosis and treatments are various. For unifocal cranial Langerhans cell histiocytosis, complete excision is the treatment of choice. We report this case with review of literature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.170-172
• /
• 2010

Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon primary bone tumor, extremely rare in calvarium. We present a case of a 25-year-old female with an osteoblastoma of parietal bone which was totally resected. The authors discussed the clinical presentation, radiographic finding, differential diagnosis and management of the benign calvarial osteoblastoma with a review of the literature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.48 no.6
• /
• pp.551-554
• /
• 2010

We report a rare case of fibrous dysplasia with the development of a secondary aneurysmal bone cyst presenting as solitary tumor of calvarium. Although fibrous dysplasia with aneurysmal bone cyst is rare, it should be taken into account in differential diagnosis of the osteolytic solitary skull lesion.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 2006

Central nervous system[CNS] involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia may occur. However, CNS involvement as a first manifestation of leukemia is very rare. An 8-year-old girl complained of a backache after playing in the water. Neurological examination detected progressing paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging[MRI] of the thoracolumbar spine showed a well-circumscribed homogeneous posterior extradural mass lesion extending from T7 to T9. MRI of the brain showed diffused fatty marrow replacement of the calvarium and the skull base. We report a patient with epidural Burkitt's lymphoma of the thoracic and lumbar vertebra causing compression of the spinal cord after pathologic evaluation. The tumor consisted mainly of lymphoblastic cells, which were identical to those originally seen in the bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. After decompressive laminectomy she began consolidation chemotherapy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1999

The authors experienced a diagnosis of a benign form of osteopetrosis based on the comprehensive data obtained from (1) clinical examination, (2) radiological and nuclear medicinal findings of the thickening of cortex of mandible, femur, clavicle, and the increased bone density of mandible, maxilla, cranial base, calvarium, lumbar, femur, and additionally (3) histopathological findings of sclerotic bony tissue in a Korean male of 38-year-old.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.469-477
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of various graft materials used with a titanium cap on the ability of new bone formation in the rabbit calvarium. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 sites of artificial bony defects were prepared on the calvaria of sixteen rabbits by using a trephine bur 8 mm in diameter. Each rabbit had two defect sites. 0.2 mm deep grooves were formed on the calvaria of sixteen rabbits by using a trephine bur 8 mm in diameter for the fixation of a titanium cap. The treatments were performed respectively as follows: without any graft for the control group (n=8), autogenous iliac bone graft for experimental group 1 (n=8), alloplastic bone graft ($SynthoGraft^{(R)}$, USA) for experimental group 2 (n=8), and xenogenic bone graft ($NuOss^{(R)}$, USA) for experimental group 3 (n=8). After the treatments, a titanium cap (8 mm in diameter, 4 mm high, and 0.2 mm thick) was fixed into the groove. At the third and sixth postoperative weeks, rabbits in each group were sacrificed for histological analysis. Results: 1. In gross examination, the surgical sites showed no signs of inflammation or wound dehiscence, and semicircular-shaped bone remodeling was shown both in the experimental and control groups. 2. In histological analysis, the control group at the third week showed bone remodeling along the inner surface of the cap and at the contact region of the calvarium without any specific infiltration of inflammation tissue. Also, there was no soft tissue infiltration. Bone remodeling was observed around the grafted bone and along the inner surface of the titanium cap in experimental group 1, 2, and 3. 3. Histologically, all groups at the sixth week showed the increased area of bone remodeling and maturation compared to those at the third week. In experimental group 2, the grafted bone was partially absorbed by multi nucleated giant cells and new bone was formed by osteoblasts. In group 3, however, resorption of the grafted bone was not observed. 4. Autogenous bone at the third and sixth week showed the most powerful ability of new bone formation. The size of newly formed bone was in decreasing order by autogenous, alloplastic, and heterogenous bone graft. There was no statistically significant difference among autogenous, alloplastic, and heterogenous bones(p>0.05). Summary: This result suggests that autogenous bone is the best choice for new bone formation, but when autogenous bone graft is in limited availability, alloplastic and xenogenic bone graft also can be an alternative bone graft material to use with a suitably guided membrane.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.289-300
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was aimed to histologically evaluate $Silicone^{(R)}$, $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$, and $Medpor^{(R)}$ implants for augmentation rhinoplasty after graft in the subperiosteum of mural calvarium respectively. Materials and method: Twenty four male ICR mice were used. $Silicone^{(R)}$, $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$, and $Medpor^{(R)}$ were grafted respectively in the subperiosteum of frontal bone. Animals were sacrificed at 1 week, 4 week and 8 week after graft. Histological observation was performed after H&E staining. Results: All groups were healed without any extrusion of implant materials and inflammatory cell infiltration. In Silicone group, $Silicone^{(R)}$ was well enclosed by thin fibrous tissue at 1 week, which became thicker and stable at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. And there was no destruction or resorption of $Silicone^{(R)}$ In Gore-tex group, there was no destruction or resorption of $Gore-tex^{(R)}$. Thin fibrous tissue and cell infiltration from peripheral tissue were observed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. In AlloDerm group, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ was enclosed by fibrous tissue. Cell infiltration was observed at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. In Medpor group, there was no inflammation, destruction or resorption of $Medpor^{(R)}$ and it was contacted directly to the bone without interposition of fibrous tissue. Porous area was filled by bone or soft tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$, and $Medpor^{(R)}$ graft are more stable than $Silicone^{(R)}$ graft and that $Silicone^{(R)}$, $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, $AlloDerm^{(R)}$ are appropriate for graft on nasal tip and $Medpor^{(R)}$ is appropriate for graft on nasal dorsum.