• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.34-51
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• 1981

Lately, due to increasing engine output by high supercharging, heavy crankshaft and propeller mass, as well as long strokes attended with the reduced crankshaft axial stiffness, the critical crankshaft axial vibration has frequently appeared in maneuvering range of the engine. Some investigators have developed calculating methods of natural frequencies and resonant amplitudes for crankshaft axial vibrations. But their reliabilities are uncertain as the estimated crankshaft axial stiffness are incorrect. The calculating procedure of these natural frequencies is practically analogous to the classical calculation of torsional vibration frequencies, except for an important difference due to the relationship of the axial stiffness of a crank and the angle between the crank and other, especially the adjacent, cranks. In this paper, 6 calculation formulae of crankshaft axial stiffness already published and a theoretically- developed one by authors are checked by comparing their calculating results with those measured values of one model crankshafat and three full-scale actual crankshafts. Also, the calculating methods of the crankshaft axial free vibration are investigated and their computer programs are developed. Finally, those developed computer programs are applied to calculating one model crankshaft and two full-scale actual crankshafts of ship's propulsion engines and their calculated results are compared with those measured values.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.337-340
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose the stiffness reduction factor for flat plate slabs under lateral loads. Current design code (e.g., ACI 318-05) requires considering the effects of cracks for calculating slab stiffness under lateral loads. This study collected the test results of 20 interior slab-column connections, from which stiffness reduction in each test was estimated with respect to the ratio of applied moment to cracking moment ($M_a/M_{cr}$). Based on collected data, this study proposed equations for calculating stiffness reduction with respect to $M_a/M_{cr}$. To verify the proposed equations, this study conducted the experimental test of interior slab-column connections under quasi-static cyclic loading. From the test, load-deformation curve is compared to that obtained from effective beam width method with the proposed equation for the stiffness reduction. It is shown that the effective beam width method with the proposed equation for stiffness reduction predicts accurately the test results.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.413-419
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• 2000

An efficient method for calculating the nonlinear stiffness of the Progressive Multi-Leaf Spring is developed and evaluated. It utilizes the interaction between the main and help spring that induces the nonlinearity. The main and the help springs are modeled as multi-leaf cantilever beams, and, then, they are integrated as one by connecting the two models for each side of the Progressive Multi-Leaf Spring at the center-bolt. The results from the developed model are evaluated by use of the commercial FEA program, ABAQUS. The nonlinear spring coefficients calculated by FEM analysis yield the numbers very close to the numbers calculated for the spring coefficients by used of the developed method. From the comparative evaluations, the developed method is accurate enough and very efficient in calculation time for evaluating the nonlinear spring property of the Progressive Multi-Leaf Spring.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2013

PURPOSES: This paper aims to give a guideline and the way to apply the advanced composite materials theory to the road structures with different cross sections to the practicing engineers. METHODS: To simple but exact method of calculating natural frequencies corresponding to the modes of vibration of road structures with different cross sections and arbitrary boundary conditions. The effect of the $D_{22}$ stiffness on the natural frequency is rigorously investigated. RESULTS: Simple method of vibration analysis for calculating the natural frequency of the different cross sections is presented. CONCLUSIONS: Simple method of vibration analysis for calculating the natural frequency of the different cross sections is presented. This method is a simple but exact method of calculating natural frequencies of the road structures with different cross sections. This method is extended to be applied to two dimensional problems including composite laminated road structures.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2008년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.72-77
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• 2008

Stability is a very important part which we must consider in structural design. In this paper, we take advantage of finite element method, and study about parametrical instability of star-dome structures, which is subjected to harmonically pulsating load. When calculating stiffness matrix, we consider elastic stiffness and geometrical stiffness simultaneously. In equation of motion, we represent displacements and accelerations by trigonometric series expansions, and then obtain Hill's infinite determinants. After first order approximation, we can get first and second order dynamic instability region finally.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권1호통권113호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2006

A simple method of on-line stiffness measurement using the wrinkling behavior of paper web between rollers was developed. The theory and calculating equation were presented, and the theoretical maximum error associated with the equation was also presented. We called the stiffness measured by Taber tester as 'Taber stiffness', and by wrinkling behavior as 'wrinkle stiffness', respectively, for comparison. By using this method, on-line complete control of paper stiffness will be possible in near future. Special care about shear wrinkle and paper dimensional effects were addressed.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.235-250
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• 2007

A simple method of on-line stiffness measurement using the wrinkling behavior of paper web between rollers was presented. The theory and calculating equation were presented, and lab experiment was executed. We called the stiffness measured by Taber tester as 'Taber stiffness', and by tension wrinkling measurement as 'wrinkle stiffness', respectively, for comparison. Lab experimental results showed Taber and wrinkle stiffness are almost equivalent. We expect this method will work porperly for the on-line measurement of paper stiffness in near future.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.731-742
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 새로운 비선형해석 알고리즘인 적응형 Newton-Raphson 반복기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 기존 Newton-Raphson 기법을 근간으로 적응형 부구조물화 기법을 이용하여 강성등가하중을 구하고, 이미 역행렬이 계산되어 있는 초기강성행렬에 강성등가하중을 적용하여 보정변위를 구하는 것으로 요약된다. 제안된 알고리즘의 가장 큰 특징은 하중 구간의 수에 관계없이 구조물 강성행렬에 대한 역행렬 계산을 단 한번만 수행한다는 것이다. 제안된 기법의 효율성은 강성행렬 및 역행렬 계산 후 부재강성행렬이 변경된 부재들이 연결된 자유도 수와 전체 자유도 수의 비율에 직접 관계된다. 이 비율에 따라 제안된 기법을 기존 비선형해석 기법과 보완적으로 사용함으로써 전체 비선형해석 효율을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

Numerous buildings have been damaged or destroyed in previous earthquakes by developing soft storey. Almost all the seismic codes have provisions to prevent soft storey in structures, most of them have recommended the ratio of stiffness between adjacent storeys, but none of them has proposed the method to calculate the storey stiffness. On the other hand a great number of previous researches on stiffness have been focused on approximate methods and accurate methods by using analytical softwares have been almost neglected. In this study, six accurate methods for calculating the storey stiffness have been studied on 246 two-bay reinforced concrete frames. It is shown with the results of the statistical study and structural analysis that method 3 in which there is no modification of the original model and the forces with triangular distribution similar to seismic forces are applied to the center of mass of all storeys has acceptable accuracy and desirable efficiency for designing and controlling structures.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.637-656
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• 2021

The component-based method is widely used to analyze the initial stiffness of joint in steel structures. In this study, an analytical component model for determining the column face stiffness of square or rectangular hollow section (SHS/RHS) subjected to tension was established, focusing on endplate connections. Equations for calculating the stiffness of the SHS/RHS column face in bending were derived through regression analysis using numerical results obtained from a finite element model database. Because the presence of bolt holes decreased the bending stiffness of the column face, this effect was calculated using a novel plate-spring-based model through numerical analysis. The developed component model was first applied to predict the bending stiffness of the SHS column face determined through tests. Furthermore, this model was incorporated into the component-based method with other effective components, e.g., bolts under tension, to determine the tensile stiffness of the T-stub connections, which connects the SHS column, and the initial rotational stiffness of the joints. A comparison between the model predictions, test data, and numerical results confirms that the proposed model shows satisfactory accuracy in evaluating the bending stiffness of SHS column faces.