• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2010

Many studies propose that dysfunction of mitochondrial proton-translocating NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Mammalian mitochondrial proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) consists of at least 46 different subunits. In contrast, the NDI1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single subunit rotenone-insensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase that is located on the matrix side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. With a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector carrying the NDI1 gene (rAAV-NDI1) as the gene delivery method, we were able to attain high transduction efficiencies even in the human epithelial cervical cancer cells that are difficult to transfect by lipofection or calcium phosphate precipitation methods. Using a rAAV-NDI1, we demonstrated that the Ndi1 enzyme is successfully expressed in HeLa cells. The expressed Ndi1 enzyme was recognized to be localized in mitochondria by confocal immunofluorescence microscopic analyses and immunoblotting. Using digitonin-permeabilized cells, it was shown that the NADH oxidase activity of the NDI1-transduced HeLa cells were not affected by rotenone which is inhibitor of complex I, but was inhibited by flavone and antimycin A. The NDI1-transduced cells were able to grow in media containing rotenone. In contrast, control cells that did not receive the NDI1 gene failed to survive. In particular, in the NDI1-transduced cells, the yeast enzyme becomes integrated into the human respiratory chain. It is concluded that the NDI1 gene provides a potentially useful tool for gene therapy of mitochondrial diseases caused by complex I deficiency.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.294-299
• /
• 1992

This study was to examine the effect of functional properties of soy protein isolate(SPI) and qualities of soybean curd upon proteolytic hydrolysis. SPI was hydrolyzed using proteolytic enzyme, bromelain. The protein content of SPI by microkjeldahl method was 84% and the degree of hydrolysis in modified soy protein isolate(MSPI) was 2.7%. The solubility of MSPI was higher than that of control at various pH tested and proteolytic hydrolysis was increased emulsion formation and foam expansion while decreased emulsion stability, foam stability and calcium precipitation. Modified soybean curdI, standard soybean milk: Modified soybean milk=3:1, was soft and springy soybean curd when the texture properties of soybean curd were tested by texture profile analysis using Instron and sensory evaluation. The rheological model of soybean curds was investigated by stress relaxation test. The analysis of relaxation curve revealed that the rheological behavior of soybean curds could be expressed by 7-element generalized Maxwell model. The equilibrium modulus and modulus of elasticity decreased as the ratio of modified soybean milk was increased.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to review and compare crop cultivations upon chemical properties of paddy soil and qualitative characteristics of rice in Sejong-city from a point of view of farming extension to rice farmers and to utilize the result of the study as a basic guideline for precise agricultural practice. The pH in soils of Sejong was about 6.1-6.6 and had no difference with an average pH of paddy soils in Chung-Nam with pH 6.1. However, the average of organic matter, calcium (Ca) and available silicate in Sejong was lower than the average of them in Chung-Nam. The yields of rice were higher in 2010 than in 2011 and 2012, and the protein contents of rice were the highest in 2011 while the lowest water contents of rice in 2011. The protein contents upon regions were the highest in 2011 with 6.1%, and the amylose contents were the highest in Yeondong-myun, Jeoneu-myun, and Yeonseo-myun in 2010 while Kumnam-myun and Jeondong-myun were the highest in 2012. With the increase of precipitation, the protein content level in rice was increased while the amylose content level tended to decrease. Correlations between the chemical properties of paddy soil and the quality of rice and between level of organic matter in soil and amylose contents were negative (r = -0.507), and the correlation between the moisture contents and amylose contents (r = 0.419) and between the water contents and whiteness (r = 0.485) were positive. Because the quantity and quality of rice yield is determined by the soil characteristics, the consultation to farmers for the proactive soil analysis and for the maintenance of stable level of pH, organic matter and available silicate based on historical results of analysis is highly recommended. Also, the analysis on the effect of the weather and the soil characteristics affecting the quality and quantity of rice would be another good way.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.311-314
• /
• 2005

Approximately twelve hundred strains of Actonomycetes isolated from domestic soli were tested for their ability to produce extracellular phytase. Of all these isolates a strain, YB-26, that had the highest potential for phytase activity was chosen. The nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA of the isolate YB-26 showed the highest similarity to that of strains beloning to genus Streptomyces. The partially purified extracellular phytase was obtained from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. YB-26 grown on GSM broth by ammonium sulfate precipitation (15-70%), DEAE-Sepharose column and Q-Sepharose column chromatography. The partially purified enzyme showed the maximum activity for hydrolysis of phyate at $60^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0, and retained 90% of its maximum activity at the range of pH $6.0{\sim}8.0$. It was thermolabile and its thermostability did not increase in the presence of calcium chloride.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.196-197
• /
• 2005

Cathodic protection is one of the successful ways to prevent corrosion of steel structures in marine environments. The unique feature of cathodic protection in seawater is the formation of calcareous deposits on cathodic metal surface. The formation principles of calcareous deposit seawater had been known for a long time. That is, cathodic reduction reactions associated with cathodic protection in seawater generate $OH^-$ at the metal surface in accordance with the formular ; 1/2 $O_2$ + $H_2O$ + $2e^-$ $2OH^-$ and $2H_2O$ + $2e^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $H_2$ + $2OH^-$. These reactions increase the pH at the metal / seawater interface. The high pH causes precipitation of $Mg(OH)_2$ and $CaCO_3$ in accordance with the formular ; $Mg^{2+}$ + $2(OH)^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $Mg(OH)_2$ and $Ca^{2+}$ + $HCO_3^-$ + $OH^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $H_2O$ + $CaCO_3$. These are typically the main compounds in calcareous deposits. It obviously has several advantages compared to the conventional coatings, since the environment-friendly calcareous deposit coating is formed by the elements($Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) naturally present in seawater. In this study, environmental friendly calcareous deposit films were prepared on steel plates by electro plating technic in natural seawater. The influence of current density on composition ratio, structure and morphology of the coated films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy formation process of calcareous deposits films in natural seawater. And we confirmed the properties of all the films can be improved greatly by controlling the material structure and morphology with effective use of the electroplating method in natural seawater.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.421-426
• /
• 2001

The pneumatic classification and acidic leaching behaviors of phosphor sludge have been examined to establish the recycling system of rare earth components contained in waste fluorescent lamp. At first, separation characteristic of rare earth components and calcium phosphate in phosphor sludge was investigated by pneumatic classification. After pneumatic classification of phosphor sludge, rare earth components were leached in various acidic solutions and sodium hydroxide solution. For recovery of soluble component in leaching solution, rare earth components were separated as hydroxide and oxalate precipitations. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) In classification process, rare earth components in phosphor sludge were concentrated to 29.3% from 13.3%, and its yield was 32.9%. (2) In leaching process, sulfuric acid solution was more effective one as a leaching solvent of rare earth component than other solutions. Y and Eu components in phosphor sludge were dissolved in sulfuric acid solution of 1.5 k㏖/㎥, and other rare earth components were rarely dissolved in leaching solution. Leaching degrees of Y and Eu were respectively 92% and 98% in the following optimum leaching conditions; sulfuric acid concentration is 1.5 k㏖/㎥ , leaching temperature 343 K, leaching time 3.6 ks and pulp concentration 30 kg/㎥. (3) Y and Eu components of phosphor sludge contained in waste fluorescent lamp were, effectively recovered by three processes of pneumatic classification, sulfuric acid leaching and oxalate precipitation methods. Their recovery was finally about 65 %, and its purity was 98.2%.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the surface properties of electrochemically oxidized pure niobium by anodic oxide and hydrothermal treatment technique. Niobium specimens of $10\times10mm$ in dimension were polished sequentially from #600, #800, #1000 emery paper. The surface pure niobium specimens were anodized in an electrolytic solution that was dissolved calcium and phosphate in water. The electrolytic voltage was set in the range of 250 V and the current density was 10 $mA/cm^2$. The specimen was hydrothermal treated in high-pressure steam at 300$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using an autoclave. Then, specimens were immersed in the Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The surface of specimen was characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis(EDX), potentiostat/galvanostat test, and cytotoxicity test. The results obtained was summarized as follows; According to the result of measuring corrosion behavior at 0.9% NaCl, corrosion resistance was improved more specimens treated with anodic oxide than in hydrothermal treated ones. The multi-porous oxide layer on surface treated through anodic oxidation showed a structure that fine pores overlap one another, and the early precipitation of apatite was observed on the surface of hydrothermal treated samples. According to the result of EDX after 30 days deposition in Hanks' solution, Ca/P was 1.69 in hydrothermal treated specimens. In MTT test, specimens treated through anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treated ones showed spectrophotometer similar to that of the control group. Thus no significant difference in cytotoxicity was observed (P>0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.684-693
• /
• 2005

Statement of problem: Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is used instead of Ti-6Al-4V alloy that was known to have toxicity. Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effect of electrolyte concentration on the surface characteristics of anodized and hydrothermally-treated Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy Materials and methods: Discs of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy of 20 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were polished sequentially from #300 to 1,000 SiC paper ultrasonically washed with acetone and distilled water for 5 min, and dried in an oven at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Anodizing was performed at current density $30mA/cm^2$ up to 300 V in electrolyte solutions containing $\beta-glycerophosphate$ disodium salt hydrate $(\beta-GP)$ and calcium acetate (CA). Hydrothermal treatment was conducted by high pressure steam at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using a autoclave. All samples were soaked in the Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Results and conclusion: The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. After hydrothermal treatment, the precipitated HA crystals showed the dense fine needle shape. However, with increasing the concentration of electrolyte they showed the shape of thick and short rod. 2. When the dense fine needle shape crystals was appeared after hydrothermal treatment, the precipitation of HA crystals in Hanks' solution was highly accelerated. 3. The crystal structures of $TiO_2$ in anodic oxide film were composed of strong anatase peak and weak rutile peak as analyzed with thin-film X-ray diffractometery. 4. The Ca/P ratio of the precipitated HA layer was equivalent to that of HA crystal in Hanks' solution.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the performance of four commercial chemical agents in stabilizing arsenic (As) in soil at the forest area near the former Janghang smelter site. After amending the stabilizing agents (A, B, C, and D) into As-contaminated soil samples, synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and solubility bioavailability research consortium (SBRC)-extractable As concentrations significantly decreased except for agent D, which is mainly composed of fly ash and calcium carbonate. Increase of SPLP and SBRC-extractable As concentrations in four soil samples (S1, S2, S3, and J2) was attributed to desorption of As adsorbed on iron oxides due to high pH generated by agent D. It is therefore necessary to consider application conditions according to soil characteristics such as pH and buffering capacity. Results of sequential extraction showed that readily extractable fractions of As in soil (i.e., sum of $SO_4-$ and $PO_4-extractable$ As in soil) were converted into non-readily extractable fractions by amending agents A, B, and C. Such changes in the As distribution in soil resulted in the decrease of SPLP and SBRC-extractable As concentration. A series of follow-up monitoring and management plan has been suggested to assess the longevity of the stabilization treatments in the site.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.853-860
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to investigate genes which are differently expressed in human blood by administrating of OLT-2. OLT-2 was medical precipitation composed of three medicinal herbs, Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and anti-leukemia effect of it was evaluated from Byung Hun Jeon of Wonkwang University this study was approved by Institutional Review Board of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (Taejeon, Korea) and four male subjects participated in this study. Gene expressions were evaluated by cDNA chip, in which 24,000 genes were spotted. Hierarchical cluster and biological process against the genes, which expression changes were more than 1.6 fold, were constructed by cluster 3.0 providing Stanford University and EASE(http://apps1 .maid.nih.gov/DAVID). Five groups were clustered according to their expression patterns. Group A contained gene decreased by OLT-2 and increased genes by OLT-2 were involved in Group B, C, D. In biological process, expression of genes involved in cytokine or cell calcium signaling, such as interleukin 18 and G-protein beta 4 were increased, but protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type c, which function is cell adhesion between antigen-presenting cell and T or B-cell, was decreased by OLT-2. This study provides the most comprehensive available survey of gene expression changes in response to anti-leukemia effect of OLT-2 in human blood.