• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1995년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.350-350
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• 1995

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2001

담배 (Nicotiana tabacum cv. BY4)의 약을 Nakata배지에 치상하여 반수체식물을 유도하였고, 반수체와 이배체 식물의 잎절편으로부터 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D가 첨가된 MS배지에서 캘러 스를 유도하였다. 이배체와 반수체의 캘러스를 배양 4주 후 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D와 0.1 mg/L BAP, 2.0 mg/L Kinetin이 조합 처리된 MS기본배지에서 계대배양 및 현탁배양을 실시하였 다. 현탁배양된 세포들을 100$\mu\textrm{m}$와 65$\mu\textrm{m}$의 나일론 망으로 걸러서 0.8% low melting agarose를 사용하여 카드뮴과 PFP 가 조합된 선발배지에 도말하였다. 도말 배양 30일 후 형성된 저항성 세포주를 선발하여 경화시키기 위해 카드뮴을 500 $\mu$M과 1,000 $\mu$M 을 처리한 다음 500 $\mu$M에서 세포주를 선발하였다. 선발된 세포주를 0.5, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L BAP 단독 및 500$\mu$M과 1,000$\mu$M의 카드뮴이 첨가된 BAP와 auxin의 조합처리구에서 식물체 재생을 유도하였다. 이때 식물체 재생은 카드뮴이 첨가되지 않은 처리구에서 일어났으며, 이배체인 경 우에는 카드뮴 단독처리시 선발된 세포주에서, 반수체인 경우에는 카드뮴과 PFP 조합처리시 선발된 세포주에서 식물체 재생이 일어났다. 세포의 생장이 왕성한 카드뮴 500$\mu$M의 것을 선발하여 식물체를 재생시켰고, 재생된 시물체의 잎, 줄기 및 뿌리의 단백질 유형을 분석하였다. 대조구로서는 스트레스를 받지 아니한 식물체를 사용하였다. Bradford방법으로 정량하였고, 그 함량은 재생된 식물체의 잎에서 6.5188 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg.fr.wt., 줄기에서 5.3611 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg.fr.wt. 뿌리에서 3.0213 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg.fr.wt.이었다. 반면에 대조구의 잎에서는 5.9652 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg.fr.wt., 줄기에서 3.5974 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg.fr.wt. 뿌리에서 4.3766 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg.fr.wt.이었다. 일차원 SDS-PAGE를 Laemmli 방법으로 수행한 경우 잎은 카드뮴 스트레스에 대하여 내성이 있는 것은 198.7 KD등 49개가 나타났다. 스트레스로 인하여 사라진 밴드는 160.5 KD등 4개, 합성된 단백질 밴드는 83.4 KD 등 3개이었다. 줄기에서는 카드뮴 스트레스 내성의 단백질 밴드는 43 KD등 41개가 나타났고, 사라진 밴드는 114.8 KD등 5개이었다. 또한 합성되어진 단백질 밴드는 128.7 KD 등 6개가 나타났다. 뿌리에서는 내성 단백질 밴드는 166.9 KD 등 27개, 사라진 밴드는 198.7 KD 이었고, 83.4 KD 등 5개의 단백질 밴드가 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2015

Cancer, a serious public health problem in worldwide, results from an excessive and uncontrolled proliferation of the body cells without obvious physiological demands of organs. The gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach and intestine, is a unique organ system. It has the highest cancer incidence and cancer-related mortality in the body and is influenceed by both genetic and environmental factors. Among the various chemical elements recognized in the nature, some of them including zinc, iron, cobalt, and copper have essential roles in the various biochemical and physiological processes, but only at low levels and others such as cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and nickel are considered as threats for human health especially with chronic exposure at high levels. Cadmium, an environment contaminant, cannot be destroyed in nature. Through impairment of vitamin D metabolism in the kidney it causes nephrotoxicity and subsequently bone metabolism impairment and fragility. The major mechanisms involved in cadmium carcinogenesis could be related to the suppression of gene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, inhibition of apoptosis, and induction of oxidative stress. In addition, cadmium may act through aberrant DNA methylation. Cadmium affects multiple cellular processes, including signal transduction pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Down-regulation of methyltransferases enzymes and reduction of DNA methylation have been stated as epigenetic effects of cadmium. Furthermore, increasing intracellular free calcium ion levels induces neuronal apoptosis in addition to other deleterious influence on the stability of the genome.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2009

Metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems is a problem of economic and health importance. Information regarding molecular responses to metal exposure is sorely needed in order to identify potential biomarkers. To determine the effects of heavy metals on chironomids, the full-length cDNA of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH3) from Chironomus riparius was determined through molecular cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The expression of ADH3 was analyzed under various cadmium and copper concentrations. A comparative and phylogenetic study among different orders of insects and vertebrates was carried out through analysis of sequence databases. The complete cDNA sequence of the ADH3 gene was 1134 bp in length. The sequence of C. riparius ADH3 shows a low degree of amino acid identity (around 70%) with homologous sequences in other insects. After exposure of C. riparius to various concentrations of copper, ADH3 gene expression significantly decreased within 1 hour. The ADH3 gene expression was also suppressed in C. riparius after cadmium exposure for 24 hour. However, the effect of cadmium on ADH3 gene expression was transient in C. riparius. The results show that the suppression of ADH3 gene by copper exposure could be used as a possible biomarker in aquatic environmental monitoring and imply differential toxicity to copper and cadmium in C. riparius larvae.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제23권1호통권72호
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• pp.86-91
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• 1995

Rhizopus oryzae의 카드뮴 적응 및 해독기작과 이에 관련된 세포내 생리 생화학적 변화를 조사하였다. R. oryzae는 카드뮴을 첨가 배양하였을 때 카드뮴 영향하에서는 carbohydrate metabolic pathway에 관련된 효소 활성(MDH, GPI)이 촉진되고 과산화물 제거에 관여하는 효소가 새롭게 유도(CAT2)된 반면, lactate를 이용하는 효소(LDH, ADH)의 활성이 감소된 사실은 중금속 영향하에서 세포의 성장과 에너지 공급을 위해 에너지 수율이 낮은 lactate를 이용하는 경로보다는 에너지 수율이 높은 TCA cycle 경로에 작용하는 효소들과 독성과산화물 제거에 관여하는 효소의 더 많은 derepression이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.171-187
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• 1998

Garlic occupies a special position among the many foods of vegetable origin because it is the sole food for Koreans during the their lives. And vitamin A has been ingested by forms of food or additives. Cadmium has been described as one of the most dangerous trace elements in the food and environment of man and livestocks. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of cadmium-induced changes in gene expression , ie. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and damage for food hygiene. He acute and chronic combine effects of cadmium (Cd, CdCl2 20mg/kg), garlic oil(Dds: diallyl disulfide 50mg/kg, 3 times a week) and vitamin A(Ra: retinol acetate 50,000 IU/kg, 3 times a week) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression histopathological and electron microscopical examinations. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in tissue were not changed by the simultaneous adminstration of diallyl disufide or retinol acetate. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase) , AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly hanged by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Histopathological changes in cadmium treated rats were appeared at 8 weeks age treatment in kidneys. Homogenous eosinophilic material was accumulated in cortical and collecting tubular lumens at 16 weeks. Degenerated or necrotized tubular cells were observed in cortex and medulla. Degenerated seminiferous tubules and homogeneous eosinophilic material was seen in interstitial tissue of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Calcium deposits were seen in degenerated seminiferous tubules and the tubules showed severe calcification of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Electron microscope changes in kidney were observed in rats treated with CdCl2 20 mg/kg. Proximal convoluted tubule cells showed selling of cytoplasm and narrow lumen. Capillary endothelial cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and swelling. Degenerated epithelial cells were accumulated in tubular lumen of kidney. 4. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relateve molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium, exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of HSP 70 was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that HSP70 induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicated the exposure of xenobiotics, and retinol acetate reduced the cadmium induced nephrotoxicity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2009

The effects of $Cd^{2+}$ ions on the Chl a fluorescence of 5 hydrophytes (e.g. Lemna, Salvinia, Ricciocarp, Nymph, Typha plants) were investigated in order to select $Cd^{2+}$-sensitive plant species and to get informations on physiological responses of plants to $Cd^{2+}$ stress. Lemna plants were most sensitive to cadmium stress, while Nymph plants were tolerant. However, in all $Cd^{2+}$-treated plants, Fv/Fm, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II, decreased in proportion to the increase of $Cd^{2+}$ concentration and treatment time. The Chl a fluorescence transient O-J-I-P was also considerably affected by $Cd^{2+}$ ions; the fluorescence yield decreased consid- erably in steps J, I and P in $Cd^{2+}$ treated plants, although it followed a typical polyphasic rise in non-treated plants. In Lemna plants, the functional parameters, ABS/CS, TRo/CS와 ETo/CS and RC/CS, decreased in proportion to the increase of $Cd^{2+}$ concentration, while N, Mo and Kn increased. The structural parameters, ${\Phi}po$, ${\Phi}po$/($1-{\Phi}po$), Plabs, SFlabs, Kp and RC/ABS, also decreased according to the increase of $Cd^{2+}$ concentration. Consequently, Lemna plants will be useful as a experimental model system to investigate responses of plants. And several functional or structural parameters could be applied to determine quantitatively the physiological states of plants under stresses.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.21-21
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• 2022

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2006

Cadmium, a human carcinogen, can induce toxicity in various cell lines and organs. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms of cadmium-induced cell toxicity and estrogenic potential in human are not clear. This study was performed to investigate cadmium-induced toxicity on human breast cancer cells: MCF-7 cells, an estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cells, and MDA-MB-231 cells, an ER negative breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells was proved to be more sensitive than the other cell lines (IC50 = $50\;{\mu}M$ at MCF-7 cells and $120{\mu}M$ at MDA-MB-231). The expression of JNK and AP-1 transcription factors such as c-Jun and c-Fos dependent transcription were increased by cadmium treatment. Inhibition of ER activation by ER antagonist (tamoxifen or ICI 182,780) significantly recovered the viablity and inhibited apoptotic cell death. This suggested that cadmium-induced cell death in ER (+) cells was mediated by JNK/AP-1 pathway and this pathway was more stimulated by ER activated by cadmium. Co-treatment of antioxidants such as selenium (Se), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), glutathione (GSH), or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) recovered the cadmium-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells. Cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation was decreased by GSH, NAC, or BHA in MCF-7 cells. The expression of SOD protein was decreased by cadmium ($100{\mu}M$) but recovered by GSH, NAC, BHA, or Se. Our data showed that the cadmium-induced cell toxicity in human breast cancer cells could be protected by the antioxidants (Se, BHA, NAC, GSH, or NAC) and ER antagonist (tamoxifen or ICI 182,780). Therefore, toxicity of cadmium in breast cancer were mediated by oxidative stress and $ER{\alpha}$.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.119-125
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• 2002

Application of phytoremediation in the polluted area to remove undesirable materials is a complex and difficult subject without detailed investigation and experimentation. We investigated the accumulation patterns of cadmium and lead in plants naturally grown, the bioavailability of plants to accumulate these toxic metals and the responses of P. thunbergii to cadmium and lead. The soil samples contained detectable lead (<17.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), whereas cadmium was not detected in the soils of study area. The whole body of Persicaria thunbergii contained detectable lead (<320.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) but cadmium was detected only in the stem (<7.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and root (<10.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) of P. thunbergii. Cadmium was not detected in Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata, whereas lead was detected in T. japonica (<323.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and N. peltata (<177.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g). Correlation coefficient between lead content in soil and in these plant samples represented positive correlation. The total content of lead in each plant sample increased in the order of N.peltata$\leq$P.thunbergii