• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.231-250
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• 1993

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg $CdCl_2/kg$ by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in bleed were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to rnetallothionein (MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(${\mu}g\;MT/{\mu}g\;Cd$) was eater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.183-195
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• 2014

The efficiency of two metal ions (cadmium, zinc) removal from aqueous solutions by ultrafiltration (UF) and Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration (PEUF) processes were investigated in this work. The UF and PEUF studies were carried out using an ultrafiltration tangential cell system equipped with 5.000 MWCO regenerated cellulose. A water-soluble polymer: the polyacrylic acid (PAA) was used as complexant for PEUF experiments. The effects of transmembrane pressure, pH, metal ions and loading ratio on permeate fluxes and metal ions removals were evaluated. In UF process, permeate fluxes increase linearly with increasing pH for different transmembrane pressure, which may be the consequence of the formation of soluble metal hydroxyl complexes in the aqueous phase. In PEUF process, above pH 5.0, the Cd(II) retention reaches a plateau at 90% and Zn(II) at 80% for L = 5. Also, cadmium retention at different L is greater than zinc retention at pH varying from 5.0 to 9.0. In a mixture solution, cadmium retention is higher than zinc for different loading ratio, this is due to interactions between carboxylic groups of PAA and metal ions and more important with cadmium ions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 1992

혈중 카드뮴, 아연 및 아연에 대한 카드뮴의 비와 혈압 간의 관련성을 보기 위하여 울산 및 그 인근지역에서 직업적으로 카드뮴에 폭로된 경력이 없는 근로자중 고혈압군 83명과 대조군 77명을 성과 연령에 대해 빈도수 짝짓기로 선택하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 평균 혈중 카드뮴치는 고혈압군이 $2.90{\eta}g/ml$로, 대조군의 $1.99{\eta}g/ml$보다 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.01), 흡연 정도와 연령에 대해 층화분석을 한 후에도 모든 층에서 고혈압군이 유의하게 놀았다. 혈중 아연에 대한 카드뮴의 비도 고혈압군이 2.46. 대조군의 1.65로 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.01), 흡연정도와 연령에 대해 층화분석을 한 후에도 모든 층에서 고혈압군이 유의하게 높았다. 혈중 아연치는 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 홉연, 연령, 음주, 크레아티닌 및 ${\beta}2$-마이크로글로블린 등의 혼란변수를 고려한 다변량 분적상 혈중 아연에 대한 카드뮴의 비가 가장 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 볼 때 정상치 범위 이내의 혈중 카드뮴치도 고혈압과 관련성이 있을 것으로 생각되며, 특히 아연치에 대한 상대적인 카드뮴치의 상승이 카드뮴의 절대치보다 더욱 중요한 인자일 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 명확한 인과관계를 밝히기 위하여서는 코호트 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2003

생분해성 음이온 계면활성제인 deoxycholic acid(DCA)의 미셀을 이용한 한외여과에서 카드뮴의 제거 특성을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 교반 한외여과 셀을 사용하였으며, 한외여과 막은 분획분자량(molecular weight cut-off)이 서로 다른 Millipore사의 YM1, YM3, YM10 및 YM30을 사용하였다. DCA와 카드뮴의 혼합용액에서 DCA의 임계미셀농도는 순수 DCA 용액에서 보다 낮아지고, 미셀의 크기는 증가되었다. 카드뮴이온의 제거율은 사용한 막의 분획분자량에 의해서는 거의 영향이 없었으나, 카드뮴이온에 대한 DCA의 몰 비의 증가에 따라서는 급격히 증가하였다. 카드뮴이온에 대한 DCA의 몰 비가 3일 때 카드뮴이온의 제거율은 사용한 막에 관계없이 99.6% 이상이었다. 순수 투과플럭스에 대한 혼합용액의 투과플럭스의 비로 정의한 상대 투과플럭스는 YM3 > YM1 > YM10 > YM30 막의 순서로 감소하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1996

Exposure indices are important tools which enable scientists to reliably predict and detect exposures to xenobiotics and resultant cell injury. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of toxicant-induced changes in gene expression, i.e. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and toxicity. The acute and chronic effects of cadmium(Cd, $CdCl_2$ 20 mg/kg) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression. The results of the study were as follows: 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in renal to hepatic cadmium was higher at 8 weeks after treatment. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase), AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN(blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly changed by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relative molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of $HSP_{70}$ was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that $HSP_{70}$ induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicate the exposure of xenobiotics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.384-392
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea catechin on the cadmium accumulation in body, cadmium excretion and detoxification functions in chronic cadmium poisoned rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal group and three cadmium poisoned groups. Cadmium groups were classified to catechin free diet (Cd-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(Cd-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(Cd-0.5C group) according to the levels of catechin supplement. Animals were maintained on 0, 0.25 and 0.5% catechin diets for 20 weeks and simultaneously administered 50ppm Cd(sup)2+ dissolved in the drinking water. Body weight, food intakes and food efficiency ratio in Cd-0C group was lower than the normal group. The accumulation of cadmium in rat liver, kidney, and blood was reduced by catechin supplementation. The excretion of cadmium in urine and feces was increased by catechin supplementation. The metallothionein(MT) contents in liver and kidney were increased in all cadmium groups compared with that of normal group. The ratios of cadmium absorption and retention ratios were significantly decreased in catechin supplementation groups. Accordingly, catechin supplementation resulted to an excretion of cadmium in urine and feces and a lowered accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney by increasing methallothionein synthesis that led to the significant decrease in cadmium absorption and retention ratios.(Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 384~392, 2001)

• 청정기술
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 수직 원통형 충전반응기(packed-bed column reactor)내에 균체가 고정화된 Ca-alginate bead를 넣어 카드뮴이온을 제거하는데 있어 반응기내로 유입되는 유속, 초기농도 등에서 카드뮴 이온($Cd^{2+}$) 제거하는데 최적 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 사용된 균주(Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853)는 한국과학기술원 유전공학센터 유전자은행(KCTC)으로부터 구입하였고, Bead로 사용된 Ca-alginate bead는 Sodium Alginate에 균체와 $CaCl_2$를 섞어 제조한 것을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 동일조건일 때 유속이 30 mL/hr > 45 mL/hr > 60 mL/hr의 순서로 제거율이 좋았고 유입속도의 변화에도 불구하고 각 유속에서 50 ppm > 100 ppm > 200 ppm > 300 ppm의 순으로 좋은 제거율을 보였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2001

양이온성 계면활성제인 HDTMA를 이용하여 치환시킨 유기 벤토나이트의 중금속 흡착능을 알아보았다. 카드뮴과 납의 흡착량은 pH와 흡착제 대 용액 비가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 이 실험을 통해 적정 pH 범위와 흡착제 대 용액 비를 결정하였다. 유기 벤토나이로의 중금속 흡착은 벤토나이트에 비해 약간 감소하였으며, 두 가지 중금속이 함께 존재하는 경우 경쟁에 의해 흡착량은 더 감소하였다. 유기 벤토나이트의 경우 카드뮴에 비해 납의 흡착 감소량은 더 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 흡착 mechanism을 hard-soft-acid-base (HSAB) 원리를 사용하여 설명하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.958-970
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary calcium level on cadmium and lead toxicity in rats. Fifty-four male rats of Sprague-Dawely strain weighing 152$\pm$12g were blocked into 9 groups according to body weight, and were raised for 30 days. Nine experimental diets different with cadmium(0%, 0.04%), lead (0%, 0.071%) and calcijm(0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%) levels were prepared. The results are summarized as follow. Weight gain, F.E.R.(food efficiency ratio), and weights of liver, kidney and femur were lower in cadmium exposed groups than those of heavy metal free groups. Weight gain F.E.R. and ash weight of lead groups were lower than those of heavy metal free groups. But, these were increased with increasing dietary calcium level. Cadmium and lead concentrations in blood, liver, kidney and femur were lower in rats fed 1.5% calcium than 0.5% calcium diet. Fecal cadmium and lead excretions were remarkably increased in 1.5% calcium groups, and cadmium and lead retention rates were decreased in 1.5% calcium groups. Metallothionein concentrations in liver, kidney and small intestine were higher in rats exposed to cadmium and lead. Calcium content in blood, femur and daily urinary and fecal calcium excretion were decreased by cadmium and lead additions, and increased in 1.5% calcium groups. Creatinine clearance were decreased with cadmium administratino and calcium addition. In conclusion, weight gain and organ weights were decreased with cadmium or lead administration. But, cadmium administration was more toxic than lead adminstration. Cadmium or lead toxicity was alleviated by increasing dietary calcium level. Especially, lead toxicity was alleviated in proportion to dietary calcium level.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

In this study, the effect of squid liver powder intake on accumulation of cadmium in mice was investigated. Subjects were divided into 4 groups including the control group (CON), squid liver powder group with lipids not removed (SLP100), and squid liver powder groups with lipids removed (LFSLP50 and LFSLP100). Feed intake and food efficiency ratio of squid liver powder groups was significantly higher than the CON. As a result of investigating cadmium content in hair, serum, liver, and kidney during intake of squid liver powder, all groups showed increase in cadmium accumulation through consistent, long-term intake. Especially, cadmium content in liver and kidney of LFSLP100 was significantly higher than the content of SLP100 and CON. As a result of pathological observation on liver and kidney tissues according to squid liver powder diet, LFSLP100 showed most serious pathological symptoms. In case of kidney tissues, degeneration was significantly more severe in LFSLP100 compared to other groups. Such results suggest that cadmium concentration in human body can be increased by ingestion of whole squid including internal organs and that tissues can be damaged by increased cadmium concentration. More specific and systematic studies are deemed necessary.