• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 2002

Biomass of non-viable and dried brown marine algae Ecklonia radiata Turn. was used to examine Its cadmium uptake capability. Twelve different pretreatments on the algal biomass were prepared. Among these pretreatments, the algal biomass, which treated with 0.1 M NaOH and kept in water. bath (100$\^{C}$, 18 h) followed by washing with distilled water and squeezing, showed the highest amount of cadmium uptake as 1634 $\pm$ 195 mg/g dry biomass at pH 4.0 and 50$\^{C}$. Adsorption temperatures and pH levels played some Important role In cadmium uptake. However, cadmium uptake decreased dramatically at a lower pH than 4.0. Freundlich adsorption isotherm showed potent cadmium uptake capacity of the non-viable biomass. Pretreatments on the non-viable algal biomass shown in this study nay enhance the Eadmium removal in the industrial wastewater.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.111-115
• /
• 1976

A strain of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from soil showed the evidence of growth in medium containing 1,500 ppm of Cd$\^$＋＋/ though its growth was inhibited at high cadmium concentrations. This strain accumulated 59％ of cadmium into the cells during incubation in medium containing 0.5 ppm of cadmium and its uptake was nearly proportional to the dry weight of cells, the average being 7.8 mg cadmium per g dry cells. It was also found that 60-70％ of cadmium accumulated in cells were distributed in the cell wall fraction.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cadmium on 3T3 fibroblast and to develop the antidote on 3T3 fibroblast which was injuried by $IC_{50}$ of cadmium. The groups for repaired effects were divided into 7 groups such as medium alone treated group. Cadmium treated $IC_{50}$ groups and 5 experimental groups $(IC_{50}$ cadmium plus $10^{-4}$ concentration of each methanol fraction). After incubation for 48 hrs in the same conditions, MTT (tetrazolium MTT), NR (neutral red) and SRB (sulforhodamine B protein) assay were measured. Light microscopic observations were also investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of Perilla frutescens showed significantly repaired effect against cadmium cytotoxiclty and this fraction inhibited critical cell regeneration in light microscopy.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 1999

To investigate the mechanism of cadmium tolerance in a cadmium-resistant Azomonas agilis PY101 that produces a specific fluorescent pigment promoted by cadmium, we carried out Tn5 mutagenesis and isolated four pigment-deficient mutants. In these mutants, Ppg1, Ppg2, and Ppg3 remarkably reduced the pigment production to 15.3%, 11.2%, and 13.9%, respectively. Especially, Ppg4 mutant did not produce the pigment at all. None of the mutants grew in the presence of 1500 ppm of CdCl2 in growth medium, and they exhibited differential sensitivities to cadmium. Ppg1, Ppg2, Ppg3, and Ppg4 mutants were sensitive to 900 ppm, 1100 ppm, 1000 ppm, and 800 ppm of CdCl2, respectively. These mutants also showed noticeable increase, from 8.8-fold to 13.2-fold, in the size of growth inhibition zone compared with that of the will type after treatment with cadmium. Therefore, the pigment production of A. agilis PY101 was found to decrease the toxic effects of cadmium to the bacterium.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.360-362
• /
• 1999

Formation of the nickel-cadmium alloy in the negative electrode of nickel-cadmium cell subjected to continuous charging at elevated temperatures ($40~45^{\circ}C$) is shown to be one of the causes of the 'stepped' discharge curves. The alloy has been characterized by electrode potential measurement and X-ray diffraction method. The potential lowering during discharge is related to discharge of the alloy. X -ray diffraction suggests that the nickel-cadmium alloy can be formed during charge in negative electrode by interaction of the two metals. Addition of Ni $(OH)_2$ into $Cd{\;}(OH)_2$ active material is found to form the alloy more readily than sintered negative electrode alone.ode alone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.107-107
• /
• 2002

It has been reported that antinatriuresis is induced by acute cadmium intoxication. However, the mechanisms related to the increase in renal sodium reabsorption by cadmium exposure is not clear yet although it has been suggested that the elevated aldosterone might involve in this process.(omitted)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2014

This feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of different dietary cadmium levels on growth and tissue cadmium content in juvenile parrotfish, Oplegnathus fasciatus, using cadmium chloride ($CdCl_2$) as the cadmium source. Fifteen fish averaging $5.5{\pm}0.06$ g (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed into each of twenty one rectangular fiber tanks of 30 L capacity. Each tank was then randomly assigned to one of three replicates of seven diets containing 0.30 ($C_0$), 21.0 ($C_{21}$), 40.7 ($C_{41}$), 83.5 ($C_{83}$), 162 ($C_{162}$), 1,387 ($C_{1,387}$) and 2,743 ($C_{2,743}$) mg cadmium/kg diet. At the end of sixteen weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed $C_{21}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{83}$, $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$ (p<0.05). Weight gain, SGR and FE of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$ and $C_{41}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$ and $C_{41}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Average survival of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$, $C_{41}$ and $C_{162}$ were significantly higher than that of fish fed $C_{2,743}$. Tissue cadmium concentrations increased with cadmium content of diets. Cadmium accumulated the most in liver, followed by gill and then muscle. Muscle, gill and liver cadmium concentrations of fish fed $C_0$, $C_{21}$, $C_{41}$ and $C_{83}$ were significantly lower than those of fish fed $C_{162}$, $C_{1,387}$ and $C_{2,743}$. Based on the ANOVA results of growth performance and tissue cadmium concentrations the safe dietary cadmium level could be lower than 40.7 mg Cd/kg diet while the toxic level could be higher than 162 mg Cd/kg diet.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2001

Whether the pretreatment of sublethal arsenic or cadmium may prevent from lethality of arsenic or cadmium to mice, respectively, and also the protection against to lethality of arsenic or cadmium which might be induced by pretreatment of arsenic or cadmium may be related with their hepatic glutathione contents were investigated. When sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride was subcutaneously injected to mice (ICR strain) using lethal doses, all mice of both group were killed. The mortality of mice which were subsequently injected with lethal arsenic 24 hours after pretreatment of sublethal arsenic was decreased, and the same result was obtained in the case of cadmium. Sublethal pretreatment of arsenic or cadmium prior to lethal arsenic or cadmium treatment to mice, respectively, didn't decrease hepatic glutathione contents of the survived mice, while decreases of that contents in liver were observed in the mice just after they died. Cadmium pretreatment decreased mortality of mice which subsequently injected with lethal arsenic, while arsenic pretreatment didn't protect against cadmium lethality. These results indicate that protection against arsenic or cadmium lethality to mice induced by pretreatment of sublethal arsenic or cadmium may be directly related to other factors induced by sublethal camium pretreatment, not to hepatic glutathione contents.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.171-187
• /
• 1998

Garlic occupies a special position among the many foods of vegetable origin because it is the sole food for Koreans during the their lives. And vitamin A has been ingested by forms of food or additives. Cadmium has been described as one of the most dangerous trace elements in the food and environment of man and livestocks. Since the de novo synthesis of stress proteins can be detected early after exposure to some agents, analysis of cadmium-induced changes in gene expression , ie. alterations in patterns of protein synthesis, may be useful to develop as biomarkers of exposure and damage for food hygiene. He acute and chronic combine effects of cadmium (Cd, CdCl2 20mg/kg), garlic oil(Dds: diallyl disulfide 50mg/kg, 3 times a week) and vitamin A(Ra: retinol acetate 50,000 IU/kg, 3 times a week) on Wistar male rats were evaluated concerning cadmium contents, tissues enzyme activity, HSP expression histopathological and electron microscopical examinations. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Less cadmium was absorbed through the digestive tracts, but the ratio of contents in tissue were not changed by the simultaneous adminstration of diallyl disufide or retinol acetate. 2. ALT(alanine aminotransferase) , AST(aspartate aminotransferase), glucose, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, the key indices of the clinical changes in hepatic and renal function were significantly hanged by the cadmium treatment after 1 week in liver, after 4 weeks in kidney. 3. Histopathological changes in cadmium treated rats were appeared at 8 weeks age treatment in kidneys. Homogenous eosinophilic material was accumulated in cortical and collecting tubular lumens at 16 weeks. Degenerated or necrotized tubular cells were observed in cortex and medulla. Degenerated seminiferous tubules and homogeneous eosinophilic material was seen in interstitial tissue of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Calcium deposits were seen in degenerated seminiferous tubules and the tubules showed severe calcification of rat treated with cadmium for 16 weeks. Electron microscope changes in kidney were observed in rats treated with CdCl2 20 mg/kg. Proximal convoluted tubule cells showed selling of cytoplasm and narrow lumen. Capillary endothelial cells showed cytoplasmic vacuoles and swelling. Degenerated epithelial cells were accumulated in tubular lumen of kidney. 4. Enhanced synthesis of 70 KDa relateve molecular mass proteins were detected in 2 hours after cadmium, exposure, with maximum activity occurring at 8~48 hours. Induction of HSP 70 was evident at proximal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Testicular cells produced enough HSP to be detected normally. From the above results, it could be concluded that HSP70 induction by the cadmium treatment was a rapid reaction to indicated the exposure of xenobiotics, and retinol acetate reduced the cadmium induced nephrotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1272-1277
• /
• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Korean Gu-Gi-Ja tea on plasma hormone such as renin and aldosterone water in cadmium administered rats. The cadmium administered rats were given 50 ppm and 100 ppm of CdCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ disolved in the distilled water. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100$\pm$10 g were divided into 6 groups according to body weight. The control group was fed standard diet without cadmium. The experimental groups, which were fed standard diet containing 50 ppm and 100 ppm cadmium and Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The results of this study were as follows; food intake, body weight gain and kidney weight content in cadmium administered groups were lower than those in Gu-Gi-Ja tea group. The contents of cadmium in kidney of the rats were determined by using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrcphotometer). In kidney accumulation of Gu-Gi-Ja tea groups were lower than those in cadmium administered group. Plasma levels of renin activity was increased by Cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. Plasma levels of aldosterone activity was increased by cadmium administration group, compared with Gu-Gi-Ja tea and cadmium administred group. This results suggested that Gu-Gi-Ja tea has a lowering effects on the accumulation of cadmium in kidney and it is believed that the Gu-Gi-Ja tea has some protective effects to cadmium administered lenin and aldosterone hormone in rats, but the mechanism of these effects was obscure.