• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the attitude toward cadaver donation and change of intention toward cadaver donation after participation in cadaver dissection among paramedical students, and then to provide basic data to extend wholesome culture toward cadaver donation. Methods: This study was conducted among 298 freshmen via questionnaire survey. The attitude toward the cadaver donation questionnaire consisted of 12 items on a 5 Likert scale. Data were collected before and after participation in cadaver dissection with the agreement of subjects. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Results: This study showed that attitude toward cadaver donation was significantly different according to gender (p=.027) and major (p=.035). The attitude score toward cadaver donation was 3.45 points. The rate of positive intention toward cadaver donation before participation in cadaver dissection was 46.5%. The rate of change of intention toward cadaver donation after participation in cadaver dissection was 25.9%. Among 25.9% of subjects, the intention of 56.3% was changed from positive to negative, and the intentions of 42.1% changed from negative to positive. Conclusion: The results of this study the need to provide an educational program to improve the understanding and knowledge toward cadaver donation before participation in cadaver dissection among paramedical students.

• 의료커뮤니케이션
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

Background: The study is descriptive research study to investigate the self-directed learning ability to explore the facts that influence of anatomy using cadaver dissection beginning nursing students. Methods: A descriptive research design was used. The data was collected from 31st May to 7 June, 2016. The participants were total 121 first-year nursing students in C University. This anatomy practicum course was composed of three session, and each session was composed of 3hours, 60minutes of body structure and anatomy lecture, 90 minutes of cadaver dissection, and 30minutes of summary. Results: The results of the study showed that satisfaction with cadaver dissection was statistically significant in the usefulness in connection with the major of nursing (r=.543, P<.001), educational understanding (r=.465, p<.001), and nursing learning motivation (r=.517, p<.001). As the nursing learning motivation increased, self-directed learning ability increased. Also nursing learning motivation influenced self-directed learning (${\beta}=0.266$, p<.01). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a program that can link theoretical education with practicum education of anatomy using cadaver dissection for efficient learning of the anatomy major courses of nursing students.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2022

Background Virtual education is an evolving method for teaching medical learners. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, remote learning has provided a replacement for conferences, lectures, and meetings, but has not been described as a method for conducting a cadaver dissection. We aim to demonstrate how learners perceive a virtual cadaver dissection as an alternative to live dissection. Methods A virtual cadaver dissection was performed to demonstrate several upper extremity nerve procedures. These procedures were livestreamed as part of an educational event with multimedia and interactive audience questions. Participants were queried both during and after the session regarding their perceptions of this teaching modality. Results Attendance of a virtual dissection held for three plastic surgery training institutions began at 100 and finished with 70 participants. Intrasession response rates from the audience varied between 68 and 75%, of which 75% strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the virtual environment. The audience strongly agreed or agreed that the addition of multimedia captions (88%), magnified video loupe views (82%), and split-screen multicast view (64%) was beneficial. Postsession response rate was 27%, and generally reflected a positive perspective about the content of the session. Conclusions Virtual cadaver dissection is an effective modality for teaching surgical procedures and can be enhanced through technologies such as video loupes and multiple camera perspectives. The audience viewed the virtual cadaver dissection as a beneficial adjunct to surgical education. This format may also make in-person cadaver courses more effective by improving visualization and allowing for anatomic references to be displayed synchronously.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2016

Background: Formaldehyde is used to preserve cadaver in medical schools, and students are exposed to formaldehyde during cadaver dissection classes. When humans are exposed to formaldehyde, it induces mucosal inflammation, skin inflammation, and declining of neurobehavioral function including attention and memory executive functions. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of formaldehyde exposure on student's neurobehavioral performance during cadaver dissection classes. Methods: The level of formaldehyde was measured in a cadaver dissection class. A total of 16 students were randomly divided into two groups. One group wore respiratory protection masks, while the other group did not. Among many subtests in Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral test, backward digit span was tested on all subjects before and after the class. Results: The length of memorized digit span between the two groups was not significant; however there was a greater decrease in neurobehavioral function after formaldehyde exposure in the non-mask group than the mask group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposure during cadaver dissection may likely decrease neurobehavioral performance of students. Therefore, proper ventilation system and respiratory protective equipment are necessary to protect medical school students from adverse effects of formaldehyde exposure.

• 해부∙생물인류학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2018

본 연구는 해부용시신을 이용한 참관 해부실습 전과 후에 보건의료계열 학생들의 죽음에 대한 인식 변화를 파악하여 죽음에 대한 바른 인식과 이해를 고취하도록 하는 데 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 연구대상은 보건의료계열 1학년 학생 472명이었으며, 죽음에 대한 인식은 36문항으로 구성된 설문 도구를 사용하여 5점 척도로 측정하였다. 자료 수집은 2017년 4월 5일부터 6월 18일까지 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS win 24.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 독립 t 검정, ANOVA, 짝비교 t 검정을 시행하였다. 연구결과, 참관 해부실습 전에는 직계가족 중 환자가 있는 경우(p=.016), 사망자를 직접 본 경우(p=.021)에 죽음에 대한 인식이 유의하게 높았다. 참관 해부실습 후에는 본인의 건강상태가 좋은 경우(p=.036), 직계가족 중 환자가 있는 경우(p=.010), 사망자를 직접 본 경우(p=.011)에 죽음에 대한 인식이 유의하게 높았다. 죽음에 대한 인식은 전체적으로 참관 해부실습 전(3.06점)보다 후(3.19점)에 유의하게 죽음에 대한 인식 수준이 높아진 것으로 나타났다(p=.000). 특히 죽음에 대한 불안은 참관 해부실습 후 유의하게 증가하였고(p=.000), 죽음에 관한 관심 역시 참관 해부실습 후 유의하게 높아졌다(p=.000). 따라서 죽음에 대한 불안을 완화할 수 있는 중재프로그램이 동반된다면, 해부용시신을 이용한 참관 해부실습은 해부학적 지식을 향상하는 데 매우 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라 죽음에 대한 인식 수준을 높이는 데도 도움을 주는 경험이 될 수 있어 적극적으로 장려할 필요가 있을 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.621-626
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• 2023

In the first half of the third century B.C., Herophilus and Erasistratus performed the first systematic dissection of the human body. For subsequent centuries, these cadaveric dissections were key to the advancement of anatomical knowledge and surgical techniques. To this day, despite various instructional methods, cadaver dissection remained the best way for surgical training. To improve the quality of education and research through cadaveric dissection, our institution has developed a unique method of perforator-preserving cadaver injection, allowing us to achieve high-fidelity perforator visualization for dissection studies, at low cost and high efficacy. Ten full body cadavers were sectioned through the base of neck, bilateral shoulder, and hip joints. The key was to dissect multiple perfusing arteries and draining veins for each section, to increase "capture" of vascular territories. The vessels were carefully flushed, insufflated, and then filled with latex dye. Our injection dye comprised of liquid latex, formalin, and acrylic paint in the ratio of 1:2:1. Different endpoints were used to assess adequacy of injection, such as reconstitution of eyeball volume, skin turgor, visible dye in subcutaneous veins, and seepage of dye through stab incisions in digital pulps. Dissections demonstrated the effectiveness of the dye, outlining even the small osseous perforators of the medial femoral condyle flap and subconjunctival plexuses. Our technique emphasized atraumatic preparation, recreation of luminal space through insufflation, and finally careful injection of latex dye with adequate curing. This has allowed high-fidelity perforator visualization for dissection studies.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2017

해부학 교육은 보건의학계열 학생들에게 가장 기본이 되는 과목이며 중요하다. 해부학 교육의 질적 개선 및 다양성을 위해서 임상병리학과, 물리치료학과, 작업치료학과 학생 130명을 대상으로 설문을 통해 기존의 해부학 교육과 카데바실습(cadaver dissection)의 만족도, 이해도, 인식을 조사하였다. 분석 결과, 해부학 수업에 대한 수업의 만족도는 성별에 따른 차이가 없었다. 또한 전공에 따른 교과서 중심의 해부학 수업에 대한 인식 차이가 없었으며, 모두 과에서 보통 이상의 만족도를 보였다. 그리고 전공에 따른 해부학 수업의 이해도의 차이 역시 없었다. 다만, 전공에 대한 만족도은 임상병리학과에서 유의하게 높았다 (p<0.05). 카데바실습 전. 후의 카데바실습에 대한 인식 분석결과 대부분의 학생들은 성별이나 고등교육 교과과정과 관계없이 카데 실습이 해부학수업에 꼭 필요하다고 인식하였고, 실습 후 카데바실습이 꼭 필요하다고 생각했으며 조사결과 모든 학생이 카데 실습 후에도 실물실습이 필요하다고 인식하였고 3~4시간이 가장 적당하다고 생각했다. 이번 결과로 해부학 교육의 다양성을 위한 학생들의 요구도가 높았으며 카테바실습 및 실물을 이용한 실습을 이용한 해부학 교육이 학습 효과가 높을 것으로 기대 된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.357-360
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• 1997

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the heart is very important in diagnosis and treatment of the heart diseases. 2-dimensional (2D) tools (e.g. anatomy book) or classical 3D tools (e.g. plastic model) are not sufficient or understanding the complex structures of the heart. Moreover, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the heart of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, virtual dissection systems of the heart have been developed. But these systems are not satisfactory since they are made of radiographs; they are not true 3D images; they can not be used to dissect freely; or they can only be operated on the workstation. It is also necessary to make the dissection systems incorporating the various races and tribes because of the organ's difference according to race and tribe. This study was intended to make the 3D image of the heart from a Korean cadaver, and to establish a virtual dissection system of the heart with a personal computer. The procedures or manufacturing this system were as follows. 1. The heart from a Korean adult cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially cross-sectioned at 1mm-thickness on a meat slicer. Pictures or 153 cross-sectioned specimens were inputted into the computer using a digital camera ($756{\times}504$ resolution, true color). 2. The alignment system was established by means of the language of IDL, and applied to align 2D images of the heart. In each of 2D images, closed curves lining clean and dirty blood pathways were drawn manually on the CorelDRAW program. 3. Using the language of IDL, the 3D image and the virtual dissection system of the heart were constructed. The virtual dissection system of the heart allowed or ree rotation, any-directional sectioning, and selected visualization of the heart's structure. This system is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.57-59
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• 1998

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of brain is very important in diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Two-dimensional (2D) tools (ex: anatomy book) or traditional 3D tools (ex: plastic model) are not sufficient to understand the complex structures of the brain. However, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the brain of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, the virtual dissection programs of the brain have been developed. However, most programs include only 2D images that do not permit free dissection and free rotation. Many programs are made of radiographs that are not as realistic as sectioned cadaver because radiographs do not reveal true color and have limited resolution. It is also necessary to make the virtual dissection programs of each race and ethnic group. We attempted to make a virtual dissection program using a 3D image of the brain from a Korean cadaver. The purpose of this study is to present an educational tool for those interested in the anatomy of the brain. The procedures to make this program were as follows. A brain extracted from a 58-years old male Korean cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially sectioned into 1.4 mm-thickness using a meat slicer. 130 sectioned specimens were inputted to the computer using a scanner ($420\times456$ resolution, true color), and the 2D images were aligned on the alignment program composed using IDL language. Outlines of the brain components (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, optic nerve, fornix, cerebral artery, and ventricle) were manually drawn from the 2D images on the CorelDRAW program. Multimedia data, including text and voice comments, were inputted to help the user to learn about the brain components. 3D images of the brain were reconstructed through the volume-based rendering of the 2D images. Using the 3D image of the brain as the main feature, virtual dissection program was composed using IDL language. Various dissection functions, such as dissecting 3D image of the brain at free angle to show its plane, presenting multimedia data of brain components, and rotating 3D image of the whole brain or selected brain components at free angle were established. This virtual dissection program is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2017

Anatomy is one of the basic subjects of the nursing course, which is included in the curriculum of the nursing. Anatomy is a basic course for understanding major in nursing and it is the first gateway to acquire expertise. It is mainly opened in nursing and first to second grades. Therefore, students who have advanced to the nursing department have great interest and expectation on the anatomy subjects. In general, nursing students are studying anatomy with theories and models, and some universities practice on tour after dissection of medical consortium for short time. This is called the Cadaver practice. This study was carried out to investigate the thoughts and experiences of bioethics through nursing students' Cadaver practice. The interview data were processed through the analysis and interpretation process using the phenomenological research method, Giorgi method. As a result, 48 semantic units were derived, and then they were divided into 10 subcomponents and divided into 6 categories. As a result of the analysis, the experience of nursing students' bioethics was tied to the topic of six questions. For example, 'what about the respect and responsibility of nursing students in Cadaver?', 'What about your experience with the Cadaver experiment and bioethics?', 'What was the academic achievement of the actual human body structure viewing experience with cadaver?', 'What was the connection with theory?', 'What was your intention to recommend to others?', 'What was your perception and interest in the Cadaver experiment?'. Analyzes were integrated into 10 structures; "Thank you for your donation", "want others to refuse donation", "Burden of practice", "Good opportunities for learning", "Understand better", "Should study harder", "Memory is better", "Compared to theory", "Good experience", "Want to rejoin". The general structural description of the participants' meanings is summarized as follows. Nursing college students who participated in the Cadaver had a gratitude for the donor, but they said they would like to talk to others about donating organs. Before they went to practice, they felt a lot of pressure on the dissection of the cadaver, but they went to the practice and thought that it was a good opportunity to learn by doing well. Specifically, they understood that they had better understanding than the theoretical lesson, and that they were more eager to study their major through practice. In other words, most of them were more memorable and they would like to participate again if the opportunity comes next time. The results of this study show that the practice of Cadaver in nursing college students is very positive in terms of educational effectiveness. However, in terms of bioethics, it can be seen that the education process is somewhat unsatisfactory. Therefore, the systematic bioethics education should be prepared before the practice in the nursing college students' Cadaver practice.