• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.365-369
• /
• 2009

Six caffeoylquinic acids of Cacalia firma (Komarov) Nakai (Compositae) leaves were identified using standard compounds by HPLC. Each content of those compounds in dried weight was determined as follows: 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1.44${\pm}$0.04 mg/g of dried weight), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-muce-quinic acid (2.47${\pm}$0.12 mg/g), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3.74${\pm}$0.24 mg/g), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid, 5.20${\pm}$0.09 mg/g), 3-caffeoylquinic acid (1.35${\pm}$0.01 mg/g) and 3-Op-coumaroylquinic acid (3.84${\pm}$0.25 mg/g). The total content of six caffeoylquinic acids in the plant material was calculated as 18.05${\pm}$0.69 mg/g while the percentage of the six compounds in the MeOH extract was calculated as 30.85${\pm}$1.18%. The $IC_{50}$ value of the MeOH extract scavenging peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) was shown as 3.22${\pm}$0.57 ${\mu}g$/ml.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.483-488
• /
• 2011

Cacalia firma recently has been used increasingly as leaf vegetables but endangered in natural forest. In this work, we established the plant regeneration via adventitious shoot formation from petiole segments of seedling and in vitro plantlets. Wounding of seed coats and $GA_3$ treatments were effective to induce in vitro germination of seeds, whereas, seed did not germinate at all without these treatment. When cotyledon, leaf, petiole, and root segments of seedling were cultured on medium with 2 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.5 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), petiole segments showed highest number of shoots per explant among the other segments. Among the various kinds of cytokinins, BA, isopentyl adenine (2-ip), kinetin, zeatin, thidiazuron (TDZ), TDZ and BA treatments were effective to induce high frequency of adventitious shoot formation from petiole segments of in vitro propagated plants. NAA stimulated the frequency of adventitious shoot formation but not for number of adventitious shoots per explants compared to TDZ or BA treatment alone. Most of adventitious shoots were developed directly from surfaces of explants. Adventitious shoots were transferred on medium with IBA for root formation, thereafter the plantlets were successfully transferred to soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.157-158
• /
• 2008

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.38-45
• /
• 2011

Mountainous vegetables are usually used in the early stage of plant growth. We attempted to identify the quantity of polyphenols (caffoeoylquinic acids (CQs) and flavonoids) and peroxynitrite scavenging effect ($ONOO^-$) of eight Korean mountainous vegetables. The prominent characteristics were as follows: Only the roots of two plants Taraxacum platycarpum and Ixeris dentata contained chicoric acid. Five CQs were identified in the leaves of Cacalia firma whereas only 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid in the petioles of the plant was shown. The quantities of polyphenols such as quinic acid or tartaric acid derivatives in the mountainous vegetables were generally high, though those of flavonoids were very low. The $IC_{50}$ of chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid and kaempferol were 0.31, 0.12 and $0.25\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 2011

The Korean edible mountainous vegetable, byeongpungssam, Cacalia firma Komar. (CFK) is a wild plant found in the intermountain areas in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate its free radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenozothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ferric reducing/antioxidant power assays, an electron spin resonance spectroscopy. We also examined its protective effect against oxidative DNA damage using agarose electrophoresis of ethanol extract of CFK. The protective activity of the extract against the DNA damage induced by HO${\cdot}$ radicals was compared to epicatechin, ascorbic acid and trolox as reference antioxidant compounds. Total phenolic content in the extract was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents. Total polyphenolic content of the extract was measured in the leaves ($161.53{\pm}1.07{\mu}g/g$) and shoot ($142.45{\pm}0.56{\mu}g/g$). The antioxidant potential of the extracts against some radicals and DNA damage by HO${\cdot}$ radicals showed over 60%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2014

Cacalia firma is a perennial plant in Asteraceae, Parasenecio that distributed in Korea, China, and Japan. As dietary style changes for well-being life, consumer's demand of functional food and organic vegetables is getting increased. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum light conditions of P. firmus in forest farming. One year old seedlings were grown under four different light conditions 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% of sunlight by shading (equals 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10% relative brightness respectively) and non-treated control under full sunlight. They were analyzed for early growth and physiological response. Seedlings grown under 75% shading showed similar height, root growth, and leaf water content to control. However, their leaf length, width, and total leaf area were increased, which caused increased leaf dry weight and total dry weight. Especially, seedlings under 95% shading showed 40% increase in height and more leaf growth and leaf water content, although they had shorter main root length and root collar diameter than control. In addition specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) were higher than control and indicated that they were statistically significant difference from control. Higher SLA refers thinner leaf thickness, higher LAR means larger leaf area. The results indicate seedlings under 95% shading have higher water content, thinner leaf, and wider lightinterception areas. It is plausible that P. firmus is active in chlorophyll activities and carbon dioxide assimilation at even lower light conditions. These results suggest that the optimum light level of P. firmus for artificial cultivation in forest farming ranges from 75~95% shading (20%-10% of relative brightness). When salability as 'sanchae' (wild edible greens) is considered, P. firmus could be cultivated under 75% shading in forest farming and expected to have better taste and higher yield. We suggest these results as basic data of P. firmus for possible forest farming.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2011

The composition analysis and electron donating activity of 4 kinds of Korean wild sannamuls[Cacalia firma Komar. (CFK), Aster scaber Thunb. (AST), Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz. (LFT), Synurus palmatopinnatifidus (Makino) Kitam., SDN)] were investigated. The Korean edible mountainous vegetable was named a sannamul or chwinamul in Korea, generally. Most of them, the characterization of the each vegetable was reported, individually without comparative research. This study was compared the proximate compositions, mineral, dietary fiber and electron donating abilities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of sannamuls. In the chemical analysis of sannamuls, CFK was shown higher value in ash ($5.4{\pm}0.18%$), crude fat ($2.5 {\pm}0.14%$), carbohydrate ($8.1{\pm}0.21%$), potassium ($475.45{\pm}0.34mg$) and magnesium ($64.70{\pm}0.48mg$) than others. Each mineral of the 3 other samples was a similar value but phosphorus in LFT was contained $62.91{\pm}0.43%$. The compositions of total dietary fiber of the samples were listed CFK LFT SDN AST and the $RC_{50}$ Value on DPPH radicals, LFK CFT AST SDN. These results have susggest that CFK and LFT may be useful for a funtional material to food development.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2008

The vascular plants in the Eco-Arboretum site, Mt. Gumwon appeared to be 369 taxa; 84 families, 217 genera, 319 species, 43 varieties and 7 forms. Based on the list of the rare plants, 2 taxa existed in the studied areas; Abies koreana (Preservation priority order; No. 73), Paeonia obovata (No. 97) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 12 families, 14 genera, 11 species, 3 varieties, 1 hybrid, 15 taxa existed; Cephalotaxus koreana, Abies koreana (Planted species), Carex okamotoi, Salix hallaisanensis, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Clematis trichotoma, Thalictrum actaefolium, Lespedeza ${\times}$ tomentella, Vicia nipponica, Stewartia koreana, Hypericum attenuatum var. confertissimum, Paulownia coreana (Planted species), Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis (Planted species). Specific plant species by floral region were total 38 taxa; Paeonia obovata in class V , 13 taxa (Lilium leichtlinii var. tigrinum, Betula costata, Betula davurica, Ulmus davidiana, Spiraea frutschiana, Prunus maackii, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, Cynanchum inamoenum, Lonicera subhispida, Cacalia firma, etc.) in class III , 5 taxa (Heloniopsis orientalis, Chrysosplenium pilosum, Acer triflorm, Viola tokubuchiana var. takedana, Teucrium veronicoides, etc.) in Class II . 19 taxa (Dryopteris erythrosora, Arisaema ringens, Veratrum versicolor, Polygonatum inflatum, Salix glandulosa, Betula schmidtii, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus variabilis, Aconitum japuense, Dicentra spectabilis, Chrysosplenium flagelliferum, Impatiens noli-tangere, Ilex macropoda, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Trigonotis icumae, etc.)in class I . The naturalized plants in this site were 5 families, 13 genera, 15 taxa (Rumex acetocella, Rumex obtusifolius, Trifolium repens, Oenothera odorata, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron philadelphicus, Bidens frondosa, Taraxacum officinale, etc.) and naturalization rate was 4.1% of all 369 taxa vascular plants.