• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.223-228
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• 2009

Cooling and heating equipments of railroad passenger cabin is one of the most important part in keeping the good thermal comfort of the passengers. The bad performance of these equipments usually results in the comfort of the passengers. However, there is no testing method for cooling and heating equipments during manufacturing the passenger car, and calculation method is frequently used. Many railroad operators spend a lot of money for the maintenance. In this study, a new environmental performance test for railroad passenger cabin was suggested. The temperature of the chamber will be changed from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$. The performance test of cooling and heating equipment in controlling the passenger cabin temperature was carried out under various temperature condition. The testing method to investigate the effect of artificial sunlight irradiation on the passenger cabin temperature was also suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2013

In this paper, the ventilating and heating system of T-103 trainer aircraft were investigated and redesigned to improve its poor performance. The ventilation system of the trainer was designed to increase the mass flow rate of fresh air by using air intake valves. The flow-in air through the air intake valve is supplied to the cabin by the ram effect of aircraft and the propeller. And the additional heating system was installed to improve the temperature of the cabin inside. The wasted heat from the exhaust gas of the engines was used as heat source of the additional heating system by installing an heat exchanger around the exhaust nozzle. The additional fresh air and the heated air enter the cabin via two ducts mounted under the instrument panel and behind the pedal in the cabin. The additional ventilating and heating system can be controlled by the first pilot and the secondary pilot individually using the control knob equipped separately. After mounting the additional ventilating and heating system, evaluations such as inspection of parts and component, ground run-up test, in-flight test, user test, etc. were conducted. The result of the tests was sufficient to meet the requirements of the manuals, and the pilots were satisfied with the additionally mounted systems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7250-7255
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the heating performances of the portable air combustion heater using diesel fuel for auxiliary cabin heating of the battery electric vehicle. In order to evaluate the heating performances of the air combustion heater, the heating capacity was calculated by the temperature at inlet and outlet parts of the considered heater and the inner temperature distribution characteristics of the vehicle were measured during 1600 seconds with an interval of 1 second. The theoretical efficiency of the tested heater was calculated by temperature data of the air of supplying and exhausting to the cabin. As the air passed the heat-sink, the air temperature at the end of heat-sink reached to $101.3^{\circ}C$ and the difference of temperature on heat-sink was 67.8%. The average heating capacity of the air combustion heater showed 2.0 kW. After 1800 seconds, the inner temperature of the vehicle cabin was continuously increased. The temperatures of the top side and the bottom side of the car cabin under consideration were increased upto $42.5^{\circ}C$ and $24.3^{\circ}C$, respectively, and the theoretical efficiency of the tested heater was on average 63.7%.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.558-565
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• 2012

Abnormal climate or weather is more frequently reported nowadays due to the global climate change. Especially, extremely low temperature in winter season may cause bad thermal discomfort of passengers. In this study, the effect of car heating modes on cabin temperature change and distribution was studied by using a real-scale environmental chamber for passenger cabin. It was found that the cabin temperature rose quickly at the initial stage of heating system operation, but it stopped increasing after certain point. And, temperature was higher when the height from the floor was higher. Based on the obtained result, the way to minimize the decrease of passengers' thermal comfort was suggested.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1153-1158
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• 2005

The passenger cabin of train is generally insulated from exterior environment to ensure the safety of passengers and to enhance the heating and cooling efficiency. Therefore, the IAQ management of passenger cabin is very important in aspect of amenity and health of passengers. In this study, we measured some IAQ factors influencing on the indoor air quality of passenger cabin. The measurement was carried out to investigate the PM-10, PM-2.5, PM-1.0, temperature, relative humidity, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide leves of KTX. The results showed that the air quality of the cabin was largely satisfactory, but carbon dioxide level was relatively higher. The control of carbon dioxide levels need the extensive research in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4679-4684
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• 2013

Compared with internal combustion engine, the electric vehicle has a limitation of low driving range due to low battery capacity due to relatively low energy density. Moreover, the energy consumption rapidly increases up to 30% during winter season with operating electric heater. In this study, electric vehicle performance was evaluated using heat pump having higher energy efficiency rather than electric heater for cabin heating. Electric vehicle system and heat pump system were developed using 1-D simulation software called AMESim, the simulation result indicated that the energy consumption could be reduced approximately 66% when the electric heating system was replaced with the heat pump system. As a result, the driving range is expected to increase the similar value. This study proved the merit of heat pump for cabin heating in electric vehicle, and it could contribute to developing suitable heating method for electric vehicles.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1288-1292
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• 2007

Because the indoor spaces of the passenger cabin is generally airtight to secure the safety of passengers and enhance the efficiency of the cabin air conditioning performances, the contamination pattern of them are largely similar to that of general indoor spaces. Therefore, continuous supply of outdoor air is required to keep the amenity of indoor space. Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is composed of air cleaning filter, heater and air conditioned, blower and ducts. To achieve the clean indoor environment, an integrated control of each HVAC equipment are required. In this study, we developed the air cleaning system to enhance the amenity of the railroad passenger cabin.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.948-951
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• 2008

Ubiquitous sensor network (USN) based on ZigBee communication protocol has been used in various application fields, such as home-network, intelligent building and machine, logistics, environmental monitoring, military field, security field and etc. The ZigBee is targeted at radio-frequency application that require a low data rate, long battery life and secure network. Especially, the USN system can be applied efficiently to building-indoor where the complex geometry is adopted. In this study, all 90 points of railway cabin indoor were monitored for temperature and humidity using USN technology. All sensors were pre/post-calibrated and the temperature/humidity change were analyzed in a railway cabin in real-time. The results would be useful to develop the cabin heating, ventilating and air conditing (HVAC) system to meet all passengers' thermal comfort regardless of their seat position.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1234-1239
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• 2006

Because the indoors spaces of the passenger cabin is generally airtight to secure the safety of passengers and enhance the efficiency of the cabin air conditioning performances, the contamination pattern of them are largely similar to that of general indoor spaces. Therefore, continuous supply of outdoor air is required to keep the amenity of indoor space. Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is composed of air cleaning filter, heater and air conditioned, blower and ducts. To achieve the clean indoor environment, an integrated control of each HVAC equipment are required. In this study, we developed the air cleaning system to enhance the amenity of the railroad passenger cabin.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5877-5884
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• 2014

Recently, abnormally cold weather has been reported more frequently in winter due to the climate change and abnormal weather changes. On the other hand, the heating capacity of a railcar may be not enough to warm the cabin under severe cold climatic conditions, which is one of the reasons for the passengers' complaints about heating. In this study, the effects of ambient temperature and heater power on the cabin temperature was investigated to obtain the minimum ambient temperature for the tested railcar. The test railcar was placed in a large-climatic chamber, and various ambient temperature conditions were simulated. The effects of the heater output were investigated by monitoring the cabin temperature under a range of heater output conditions. The mean cabin temperature was $14.0^{\circ}C$, which was far lower than the required minimum temperature of $18^{\circ}C$, under a $-10^{\circ}C$ ambient temperature condition with the maximum heat power. When the ambient temperature was set to $0^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, the maximum achievable cabin temperature was $26.1^{\circ}C$ and $34.0^{\circ}C$. Through calculations using the interpolation method, the minimum ambient temperature to maintain an $18^{\circ}C$ cabin temperature was $-6.7^{\circ}C$ for this car. The vertical temperature difference was higher with a higher power output and higher ambient temperature. The maximum vertical temperature difference was higher than $10^{\circ}C$ in some cases. However, the horizontal temperature difference vs. low temperature (< $2^{\circ}C$) was independent of the power output and ambient temperature. As a result, it is very important to reduce the vertical temperature difference to achieve good heating performance.