• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.147-169
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• 1994

This study was conducted to ivestigate the quality of modeled chinese-cabbage Kimchi. The mutual action of sub-ingredients and optimum mixing conditions were examined by analyses of pH, acidity, content of vitamins, carotenes, number of total microorganism, and Lactobacilli, the activities of softening related to enzymes (polygalacturonase and ${\beta}$-galactosidase), and sensory quality during fermentation. The result about the mutual action of red pepler powder and garlic showed that the pH was decresed as concentration of garlic was higher and that of red peppler powder became lower. Kimchi had unpleasant taste and undesirable odor when the adding ratio of the peper powder and garlic was unbalanced. As the concentration of garlic became higher, the content of vitamin C in Kimchi tissue decreased while that of vitamin C in Kimchi juice increased. The contents of vitamin B1, B2 and carotene increased as the concentration of garlic became lower. The optimum mixing ratio of red pepper powder and garlic evaluated by overall eating quality was 4.66% and 3.45%, respectively. The result about the mutual action of ginger and green onion was that pH became higher as the concentration of ginger was 1.84% and that of green onion was 5.96%. The intensity of fresh taste and odor became stronger as the concentration of ginger increaed to 2.76% and that of green onion decreased to 2.98%. The balance of sour, salty and hot taste became better as the concentration of ginger increased and that of green onion decreased. The optimum mixing condition evaluated by overall eating quality was 2.94% in ginger ＋ 2.78% in green onion. The contents of vitamin B1, B2 and C were high in this condition. The result about the mutual action of leek and salted anchovy juice was that pH became lower as the concentration of leek increased and that of salted anchovy juice decreased. Sour, hot and sweet tastes were good in the condition of leek 12%, salted anchovy juice 4.69%. Palatable, fresh taste and odor became weaker when the one of both sub-ingredients was too much little. The optimum mixing condition evaluated by overall easting quality was 9.76% in leek ＋ 7.32% in salted anchovy juice. The contents of vitamin B1, B2, C and carotene were high in this condition and other sensory qualities were good. The result about the mutual action of salt and sugar was that pH became lower as the concentration of sugar became higher and that of salt became lower. The sweet taste was reduced of hot taste than salty taste. Palatable and fresh tastes were desirable when Kimchi fermented with less salt and more sugar. The optimum mixing condition evaluated by overall eating quality was 3.29% in sugar ＋ 4.80% in salt. The contents of vitamin B1, B1, C and carotene were high in this condition. The result of model Kimchi fermented at 20$^{\circ}C$ was that the number of Lactobacilli in model Kimchi was higher than that of in control Kimchi. The fermentation period was extended under pH 4.0 and the contents of vitamin B1, B1,C and carotene were high through the whole edible period. The activity of polygalacturonase was low, but that of ${\beta}$-galactosidase was high during fermentation.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2011

The effects of Backryeoncho (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten) powder addition (0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2%) on the pH, titratable acidity, lactic acid contents, microbial contents, texture, and sensory evaluation of cabbage Kimchi, stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for 36 days were studied to establish an optimum recipe. Upon addition of Backryeoncho powder, pH was higher than that of Kimchi without powder after 36 days of fermentation. The titratable acidity was increased by the addition of Backryeoncho powder, and 0.4% powder added Kimchi showed the slowest changing level. During the fermentation period, the degree of salinity decreased with the addition of powder from 2.52 to 2.19 to 2.10. The a value was higher in Kimchi with added Backryeoncho powder in a dose-dependent manner compared with control Kimchi. The cutting force and compression force were higher during the fermentation period, and especially addition of 0.4% powder showed the highest value of hardness. The addition of powder slowed growth of lactic acid bacteria as compared with the control samples. In the sensory evaluation of overall taste, 0.4% addition of powder improved the quality of Kimchi. Therefore, addition of 0.4% Backryeoncho powder apears to be an acceptable approach to enhance the quality of Kimchi without reducing acceptability.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1991

the Chinese cabbage kimchi was fermented with the various submaterials such as hot pep-per garlic ginger leek green onion fermented anchovy juice and sugar according to the average contents of each submaterial described in the 39 kinds of references. And then the effects of each submaterial and lactic acid bacteria such as L. brevis. Leu. mesenteroides. P cerevisiae and L. plantarum on the content of carotenes were investigated, The major carotene in kimchi was $\beta$-carotene. And also $\delta$-carotene and $\alpha$-carotene were detected. Contents of $\beta$-carotene and total carotene were high in the kimchi containing leek red pepper powder green onion and fermented anchovy juice as a submaterial. But the kimchi containing or omitting the other submaterials were litter affected to the contents of carotene. Contents of $\beta$-carotene and total carotene were high in kimchi fermented with Leu. msenteroides L. brevis and P. cerevi-siae as a starter but was low with L plasntarum.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1991

The contents of dietary fiber and its physical properties of vegetables were determined. The samples selected in this study were soybean sprouts (Glycine max MERILL sprouts) butterber (Petasites japonicus MIQ), taro stem(Colcasia antiquorum SCHOTT stem), bracken (Pteridium aquilinum KUHN)and dried Korean cabbage leaves(Brassica compestris L.leaves). The contents of dietary fiber were 20.96~50.62% of neutral detergent figer, 10.60-38.19% of acid detergent fiber, 1.74-10.88% of lignin, 5.79~33.29% of hemicellulose and 5.79-33.29% of cellulose. Butterber had the highest dietary fiber content. Mean waterholding capacity of samples was 5.65-12.26g.water/g.acetone dried powder and butterber and dried Korean cabbage leaves had higher water holding capacity value than the others. Densities were 140-250mg/ml of direct density and 385-417 mg/ml of bulk density.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2007

탄산칼슘에 계면활성제를 적용 혼합하여 균일하게 분산된 액상칼슘비료를 제조하였다. 2개월간 6회에 걸쳐 최적화된 희석배율로 9종의 과채류에 엽면시비하여 미네랄 up-take 효율을 조사한 결과 칼슘함량이 대조군 대비 양배추와 감자가 각각 155%와 154%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며 평균적으로 약 33% 정도 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 미네랄 증가 뿐 아니라 외형적으로 과채류가 더욱 견고하고 조직감이 증가되어 상품의 부가가치를 향상시키는 결과를 얻었다. 대조군에 비해 123%의 칼슘을 함유한 배추를 이용하여 가공된 김치 시제품의 관능검사 결과 칼슘처리군은 발효 14일에 외관, 냄새, 맛, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도 모두 가장 높은 점수를 받았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.294-302
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• 2017

양배추 분말 첨가량을 0-15%로 달리하여 스펀지 케이크를 제조하고 물리적 품질특성, 항산화 활성, 관능적 특성 및 제조적성을 조사하였다. 물리적 품질특성은 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 반죽의 비중, 굽기손실율은 증가하였고, 케이크 crumb과 crust의 색도, 부피지수, 비용적은 감소하였다. 대칭성지수, 균일성지수는 대조구와 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 케이크의 경도는 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였고, 응집성은 감소하였으며 탄력성, 점착성, 부서짐성은 유의적으로 차이가 없었다. 케이크의 항산화 활성을 나타내는 총 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, 환원력 등은 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 관능평가에서 색상, 향미, 조직감은 대조구보다 양배추 분말 5-15% 첨가구가 유의적으로 낮은 선호도를 보였고 맛은 양배추 분말 5% 첨가구가 5.18로 가장 높은 선호도를 나타내었으며 전체적인 기호도는 10% 첨가구가 5.02로 가장 높게 나타났다. 전반적인 품질특성을 조사한 결과는 양배추 분말 5% 첨가구가 비중, 부피지수, 비용적, 경도, 응짐성 등이 대조구와 유사한 경향을 보였고 생리활성 증가로 인한 항산화 활성과 맛에서 대조구보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 양배추 분말 첨가 스펀지 케이크 제조를 위한 양배추 분말의 첨가 범위는 5-10%가 적절한 것으로 판단되었으며, 최적 첨가량은 5%인 것으로 나타났다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2017

박력분에 대한 양배추 분말 대체량을 0-8%로 달리하여 쿠키를 제조한 후 물리 화학적 품질특성, 산화방지 활성 및 소비자 기호도를 조사하였다. 양배추 분말 첨가량에 따른 쿠키 반죽 밀도의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나(p>0.05), 반죽의 pH와 수분함량은 각각 유의적으로 감소 또는 증가하였다(p<0.05). 쿠키의 퍼짐성과 경도는 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가한 반면, 손실률은 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 한편 명도($L^*$), 황색도($b^*$) 모두 양배추 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으나(p<0.05), 적색도($a^*$)는 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 산화방지 활성을 나타내는 DPPH에 대한 전자공여능 및 ABTS에 대한 라디칼 소거능은 유의적인 차이를 보이며 증가하였고(p<0.05), 두 지표간에 매우 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 소비자 검사 결과, 2% 첨가군은 모든 항목에서 대조군과 대등한 평점을 받았고, 특히 색, 부드러운 정도, 전체적인 기호도에서 유의적으로 가장 높은 평점을 받았다(p<0.05). 한편 양배추 분말 첨가량이 4%를 초과하면 부드러운 정도를 제외한 모든 평가항목에서 기호도가 급격히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 양배추 분말의 생리적 활성과 쿠키의 관능적 품질을 고려한 최적의 첨가농도는 2%가 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2017

본 연구는 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 양배추 분말을 첨가(0, 1, 3, 5, 7%)한 마카롱을 제조하여 물리적 품질 특성과 항산화 활성 및 관능적 특성을 실험하고 기능성 식품소재로의 이용가능성과 제조 적성을 조사하였다. 물리적 품질 특성은 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 마카롱의 퍼짐성은 대조구에 비해 감소하는 경향을 보였고 굽기손실율도 유의적으로 감소하였다. 색도는 L 값과 a 값이 대조구에 비해 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였으며 b 값은 대조구와 1%, 3%는 유의적 차이가 없었으나 5%, 7%는 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 조직감에서 경도, 응집성, 탄력성은 양배추 분말첨가구가 대조구에 비해 증가하였으며 점착성, 깨짐성은 대조구와 1%, 3% 첨가구는 유의적으로 차이가 없었으나 5%, 7% 첨가구는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 마카롱의 항산화 활성을 나타내는 총 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, 환원력 등은 양배추 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 기호도 평가는 색, 향미, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도에서 양배추 분말 3% 첨가구가 가장 높은 선호도를 보였고 맛은 5% 첨가구가 가장 높은 값을 나타냈지만 조직감과 전반적인 기호도의 경우 7% 첨가구에서는 각각 4.93과 5.05로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 양배추 분말을 첨가한 마카롱 제조 시 양배추 분말의 항산화 활성, 물리적 품질 특성과 관능적 특성을 고려한 최적의 첨가량은 3%가 가장 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2000

To enhance the antitumor activity of Chinese cabbage kimchi, four kinds of kimchi, which ere differently prepared in kinds and levels of sub-ingredients, were fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 1 day and then at 5$^{\circ}C$ up to pH 4.3. The solid tumor formation, hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione contents in the liver, and natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen were determined from the sarcoma-180 cell injected Balb/c mice that were treated with methanol extracts of the kimchi samples. Kimchi IV, prepared with organically cultivated Chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, garlic, Chinese pepper powder mustard leaf and heat processed salt (Gueun salt), reduced the tumor formation by 39.3% compared to the sarcoma-180 cell treated group, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. Methanol extracts of the kimchi III and kimchi IV recovered the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST) that was decreased by the transplantation of the sarcoma-180 cells to th mice. The injections of methanol extracts of kimchi II and kimchi IV increased glutathione contents in sarcoma-180 cells treated mice. The methanol extract of kimchi IV increased the natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen lymphocytes a more effectively (p<0.05) than those the other kimchi samples. These results suggest that the anticancer activities of kimchi can be increased by changing the kinds and levels of sub-ingredients.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.596-603
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of adding oyster shell powder (OSP) from Crassostrea gigas on the food quality of Chinese cabbage Kimchi (CCK). We monitored the changes in microbial levels, pH, acidity and sensory evaluation during the fermentation of CCK treated with various contents of OSP. The microbial assay showed that adding OSP to CCK inhibited the growth of viable cells, total coliforms, and lactic acid bacteria, with the greatest growth inhibition against lactic acid bacteria over the fermentation period. After fermentation for 18 days, the lactic acid bacterial counts in CCK treated with OSP (0.3%, 0.5% and 1%) were at least 1 log CFU/g lower than those of control CCK. In addition, the pH and acidity of CCK treated with OSP were lower than in control CCK over the fermentation period. The overall sensory evaluation of CCK with 0.3% OSP was better than that of control CCK after fermentation for 24 days. In conclusion, OSP treatment, especially 0.3% OSP, enhances the food quality and extends the self-life of CCK, while minimizing the detrimental effects on its sensory characteristics.