• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effects of calcium supplementation on calcium metabolism in seven healthy college women, aged from 19 to 21 years old. For this purpose, metabolic studies were conducted for two weeks. During the first week, the subjects ate experimental diet which nutrients composition was similar to their usual intake. And during the consecutive second week, they ate the same experimental diet supplemented with 500mg of calcium daily. The results were summarized as follows ; 1) Fecal excretion of calcium increased significantly (P<0.05), but urinary excretion of that did not show any change after supplementary intake of calcium. 2) Mean apparent calcium absorption was 28.5% and retention was 182mg/day when subjects ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was significantly ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was decreased to 24.1% by additional intake of calcium. 3) Phosphorus balance did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. 4) Serum calcium level was also not changed by additional intake of calcium. 5) Serum calcium level increased significantly(P<0.05) but serum phosphorus level did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. The above results showed that supplementation of 500mg calcium daily can be helpful to increase calcium retention as well as the peak bone mass in young women eating usual Korean diets.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2005

Leptin, the product of the obese gene, is a circulating hormone secreted primarily from adipocytes. Several results suggest that leptin is important mediators of bone metabolism. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of leptin on anti-osteoclastogenesis using murine precursors cultured on Ca-P coated plates and on the production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in osteoblastic cells. Additionally, this study examined the possible involvement of prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$/protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated signals on the effect of leptin on anti-osteoclastogenesis to various culture systems of osteoclast precursors. Osteoclast generation was determined by counting tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive [TRAP (+)] multinucleated cells (MNCs). Osteoclastic activity was determined by measuring area of resorption pits formed by osteoclasts on Ca-P coated plate. The number of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol $(1,25[OH]_2D_3)$- or $PGE_2$-induced TRAP (+) MNCs in the mouse bone marrow cell culture decreased significantly after treatment with leptin. The number of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced TRAP (+) MNCs in M-CSF dependent bone marrow macrophage (MDBM) cell or RAW264.7 cell culture decreased significantly with leptin treatment. Indomethacin inhibited osteoclast generation induced by $1,25[OH]_2D_3$ and dexamethasone, however, no significant differences were found in the leptin treated group when compared to the corresponding indomethacin group. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, inhibited osteoclast generation induced by $1,25[OH]_2D_3$. The number of TRAP (+) MNCs decreased significantly with treatment by PMA at concentrations of 0.01 and $0.1{\mu}M$ in culture. Leptin inhibited PMA-mediated osteoclast generation. Isoquinoline-5-sulfonic 2-methyl-1-piperazide dihydrochloride (H7) had no effect on osteoclast generation induced by $1,25[OH]_2D_3$. Cell culture treatment with leptin resulted in no significant differences in osteoclast generation compared to the corresponding H7 group. Indomethacin showed no significant effect on TRAP (+) MNCs formation from the RAW264.7 cell line. PMA inhibited TRAP (+) MNCs formation induced by RANKL in the RAW264.7 cell culture. H7 had no effect on osteoclast generation from the RAW264.7 cell line. There was no difference compared with the corresponding control group after treatment with leptin. $1,25[OH]_2D_3$- or $PGE_2$-induced osteoclastic activity decreased significantly with leptin treatment at a concentration of 100 ng/ml in mouse bone marrow cell culture. Indomethacin, PMA, and H7 significantly inhibited osteoclastic activity induced by $1,25[OH]_2D_3$ in mouse bone marrow cell culture. No significant differences were found between the leptin treated group and the corresponding control group. The secretion of OPG, a substance known to inhibit osteoclast formation, was detected from the osteoblasts. Treatment by leptin resulted in significant increases in OPG secretion by osteoblastic cells. Taken these results, leptin may be an important regulatory cytokines within the bone marrow microenvironment.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2023

Phosphorus (P) is a macro mineral needed for bone mineralization and cell membrane structure and P is also involved in several fundamental pathways of metabolism in the body. Because of the low concentration and digestibility of P in plant ingredients that are the main components of diets for poultry and pigs, feed phosphates are usually included in diets in addition to the P contributed by plant ingredients. The most widely used feed phosphates in poultry and swine diets are dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP), but tricalcium phosphate (TCP), monosodium phosphate (MSP), and magnesium phosphate (MgP) may be used as well. Because feed phosphates are mostly produced from rock phosphate, feed phosphates have impurities that contain minerals other than P. Concentrations of P in feed phosphates range from 14.8% (MgP) to 25.7% (MSP). The standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in pigs ranges from 71% (TCP) to 95% (MSP). The STTD of Ca and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of P and Ca in feed phosphates fed to pigs and poultry have been determined only in a few experiments. Available data indicate that the STTD of Ca and SID of P in MCP are greater than in DCP in both poultry and pigs, but the SID of Ca is similar between DCP and MCP fed to broilers. Information on mineral concentrations and digestibility values in feed phosphates is needed in diet formulation for pigs and poultry, but if diets are formulated to contain equal concentrations of digestible P and Ca, it is unlikely that animal performance will be impacted by the source of feed phosphates used in the diet.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.665-672
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• 2011

본 연구는 유청 단백질과 칼슘이 킬레이트된 새로운 유기태 칼슘 보충제를 난소절제와 저칼슘 식이로 유도된 골다공증 모델 흰쥐에게 급여하여 유기태 칼슘 보충제의 칼슘 이용성과 생리기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 실험은 8주령 된 암컷 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley)를 난소절제술을 실시한 후, 저수준(0.1%)의 탄산칼슘을 4주간 급여하여 골다공증 모델을 설정하고, 탄산칼슘의 함량이 저수준(0.1%), 유기태 칼슘의 함량이 저수준(0.1%), 정상수준(0.5 %), 고수준(1.5%)으로 한 실험식이를 4주간 급여하였다. 식이섭취량 및 체중, 혈청의 칼슘 및 ALP 활성, 대퇴골과 요추골의 무게, 길이, 회분양, 칼슘과 인의 함량, 대퇴골의 파단력 및 칼슘의 체내 이용성 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 유기태 칼슘군의 식이섭취량은 8주 저탄산 칼슘군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였고, 체중 증가는 유기태 정상 및 고칼슘군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 혈청 칼슘 농도는 유기태 칼슘의 섭취량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 혈청 ALP의 활성은 유기태 칼슘군에서 유의적으로 낮아졌다. 유기태 칼슘 섭취수준이 증가 할수록 대퇴골의 무게가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 대퇴골의 파단력은 유기태 정상칼슘군 및 고칼슘군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 대퇴골의 회분양은 유기태 정상칼슘군에서 유의적으로 증가하였고, 칼슘 함량은 칼슘 섭취가 증가할수록 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 요추골의 무게는 유기태 칼슘의 섭취 수준에 따라 증가하였다. 대퇴골의 길이는 4주군에 비해 8주 저탄산 칼슘군이 유의적으로 증가한 반면, 요추골의 경우는 유의적으로 감소하였다. 요추골의 회분양은 유기태 정상칼슘군에서 가장 높았으며, 칼슘 함량은 유기태 고칼슘군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 칼슘의 섭취량 및 분 중의 칼슘 배설량은 칼슘섭취 수준이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 칼슘의 흡수량은 유기태 저칼슘군에 비해 유기태 정상 및 고칼슘군이 각각 5배, 10배 증가하였고, 칼슘의 흡수율은 유기태 저칼슘 및 정상칼슘군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 결론적으로 유기태 칼슘 섭취 수준에 따라 정상 혈청 칼슘 농도는 유지되었으나, 혈청 ALP의 활성은 유의적으로 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. 또한 유기태 칼슘의 섭취가 증가할수록 대퇴골, 요추골의 무게 및 칼슘 함량이 증가하였고, 대퇴골의 파단력이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 칼슘 흡수율은 유기태 저칼슘군과 정상칼슘군이 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다. 따라서 유청 단백질과 킬레이트된 유기태 칼슘소재가 골격 대사면에서 골다공증의 예방 및 치료를 위해 새로운 칼슘 보충제의 급원으로 추천할 만하다고 본다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.257-277
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• 2000

New techniques for regenerating the destructed periodontal tissue have been studied for many years. Current acceptable methods of promoting periodontal regeneration are basis of removal of diseased soft tissue, root treatment, guided tissue regeneration, graft materials, and biological mediators. Platelet Rich Plasma has been reported as a biological mediator which regulates activities of wound healing progress including cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of using the Platelet Rich Plasma as a regeneration promoting agent for furcation involvement defect. Five adult beagle dogs were used in this experiment. The dogs were anesthetized with Ketamin HCl(0.1 ml/kg, IV)and Xylazine hydrochloride($Rompun^{(R)}$, Bayer, 0.1 ml/kg, IM) and conventional periodontal prophylaxis were performed with ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. With intrasulcular and crestal incision, mucoperiosteal flap was elevated. Following decortication with 1/2 high speed round bur, degree II furcation defect was made on mandibular third(P3), forth(P4) and fifth(P5) premolar, and stopping was inserted. After 4 weeks, stopping was removed, and bone graft was performed. Ca-P was grafted in P3(experimental group I), Combination of Ca-P and plasma rich platelet were grafted in P4(experimental group II), and P5 was remained at control group.Systemic antibiotics(gentamicin sulfate)and anlgesics(phenyl butazone) were administrated intramuscular for 2 weeks after surgery. Irrigation with 0.1% Chlorhexidine Gluconate around operate sites was performed during the whole experimental period except one day immediate after surgery. Soft diets were fed through the whole experiment period. After 4, 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed by perfusion technique. Tissue block was excised including the tooth and prepared for light microscope with Gomori's trichrome staining. At 4 weeks after surgery, there were rapid osteogenesis phenomenon on the defected area of the Platelet Rich Plasma plus Ca-P BBP group and early trabeculation pattern was made with new osteoid tissue produced by activated osteoblast. Bone formation was almost completed to the fornix of furcation by 8 weeks after surgery. In conclusion, Platelet Rich Plasma can promote rapid osteogenesis during healing of periodontalregeneration.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 대두 이소플라본이 난소를 절제한 성장기 흰쥐의 골격 발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 3주령 된 Wister 암컷 쥐를 난소절제한 후 8주 동안 genistein을 경구 투여하여 골대사에 미치는 일반지표 및 생화학지표를 관찰하였다. 1. 체중 증가는 OVX군$(230.2{\pm}25.15\;g)$이 SH군$(170.6{\pm}20.51\;g)$에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나 (p<0.05), OVX+GEN군과 OVX+ES군의 체중 증가는 OVX군에 비해 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. 체중 당 간과 자궁의 무게는 난소를 절제한 모든군에서 SH군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05), 신장의 무게 또한 SH군에 비해 난소를 절제한 모든 군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소하였으나 난소절제군 사이에서 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3. 대퇴골의 무게는 모든 군간에서 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 대퇴골의 길이는 SH군에 비해 OVX군에서 길게 나타났다. 4. 뇨 중 creatinine의 양은 난소 절제군에서 모두 증가하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 hydroxyproline 함량도 모든 군간에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 5. 혈청 ALP 활성은 모든 군에서 차이가 없었으며 대퇴골, 변, 혈청, 뇨에서의 Ca의 함량도 모든 군간에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 6. 대퇴골의 골밀도는 SH군에 비해 난소를 절제한 군에서 낮았으며 genistein 투여로 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 파단력과 stiffiness의 경우 난소 절제 및 genistein 처리에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 본 결과를 통하여 genistein에 의한 투여는 난소를 절제한 성장기의 흰쥐에서도 최대골질량을 유지하고 골질량의 손실을 억제할 수 있는 효과가 있어 성장기 동안의 섭취가 골다공증 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.860-865
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• 2006

본 연구는 주정과 구연산을 처리한 대멸분말과 함께 식이성 칼슘소재가 SD계 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험식이는 대델분말의 칼슘함량을 고려하여 식이중의 칼슘함량이 0.1%가 되도록 semi-purified diet(AIN-diet, 1977)에 건조대별분말을 첨가한 대조군(C), 주정-구연산처 리군(EC), 주정-구연산+CPPS처리군(ECC), 젖산칼슘첨가군(CL) 및 인산칼슘침가군(CP)으로처리하여 5주동안 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 증체랑은 EC군이 ECC군과 일반적인 칼슘소재로 이용되는 젖산칼슘군(CL)과 인산칼슘군(CP)에 비해 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 식이효율(FER)은 차이가 없었다. 생체내외(in vitro 을 in vivo) 칼슘흡수율은 CPP를 처리한 ECC군이 각각 20.4%,28.4%로 실험군중 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 혈당치는 CL군(105.7 mg/dL)이 대조군(89.5 mg/dL)보다 유의하게 높았고 (p<0.05), TC농도는 EC군(75.1 mg/dL)이 CP군(65.6 mg/dL)보다 높았으며, TG농도는 CP군(33.5 mg/dL)이 통계적으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). ALP활성과 057농토는 실험군간 차이가 없이 CL군이 대조군보다 다소 높았다. 혈중 Ca농토는 칼슘흡수율이 가장 낮은 대조군(C)이 10.82 mg/dL로 유의하게 낮았고, EC군과 ECC군이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 대퇴골무게는 CP군이 가장 낮았고(p<0.05),길이는ECC군이 가장 길었다(P<0.05). 골밀도는 CP군$(0.1116\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 낮았던 반면, ECC군$(0.1149\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 CPPs를 첨가한 ECC군이 생체내의 칼슘흡수율과 혈중 Ca농도 및 대퇴골의 길이와 밀도 등에 유의한 상승효과를 미친 것으로 나타났다. 향추 본 연구결과는 칼슘흡수율을 높이고 색택의 개선 및 관능이 향상된 기능성제품 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.719-727
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• 2007

영양소 섭취수준과 골밀도 및 골대사 지표와의 관련성을 알아보고자 폐경 후 여성 225명을 대상으로 이들의 영양소 섭취량을 한국영양섭취기준의 권장섭취량 대비 75% 미만을 섭취하는 군과 $75{\sim}125%$ 섭취군, 125% 이상을 섭취하는 군으로 구분하여 영양소 섭취수준에 따른 골밀도, 골대사 지표물질인 소변의 디옥시피리디놀린, 칼슘의 배설량을 비교분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 본 연구대상자의 골밀도 측정결과, 요추($L2{\sim}L4$)는 $0.86g/cm^2$이었으며, 대퇴경부가 $0.61g/cm^2$, 대퇴전자부는 $0.48g/cm^2$, 와드삼각부는 $0.42g/cm^2$를 나타났다. 본 연구대상자를 정상군(T값${\geq}-1$), 골감소증(-2.5${\leq}-2.5$)으로 구분한 결과, 와드삼각부는 전체 대상자중 79.1%, 대퇴경부는 전체의 67.6%가 골다공증인 것으로 나타났다. 2) 영양소섭취수준에 따른 골밀도를 비교한 결과, 단백질을 권장섭취량의 75% 미만 섭취하는 연구대상자의 대퇴경부 골밀도가 권장섭취량의 $75{\sim}125%$와 125% 이상을 섭취하는 군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 3) 소변 디옥시피리디놀린 배설량은 단백질을 권장섭취량의 $75{\sim}125%$ 섭취하는 군에서 75% 미만과 125% 이상 섭취하는 군 보다 유의적으로 낮게 배설하는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 또한 칼슘을 75% 미만 섭취한 군과 125% 이상 섭취한 군보다 $75{\sim}125%$ 섭취한 군에서 소변의 디옥시피리디놀린의 배설이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 4) 소변 칼슘배설량은 단백질 섭취수준이 권장섭취량의 75% 미만 섭취 군과 125% 이상 섭취 군보다 $75{\sim}125%$ 섭취 군에서 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05), 비타민 C의 경우도 권장섭취량의 75% 미만과 125% 이상 섭취군보다 $75{\sim}125%$ 섭취 군에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 5) 연령 보정 후 단백질, 칼슘의 권장섭취량에 대한 비율은 대퇴경부 골밀도(각 p<0.05, p<0.01)와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 단백질(p<0.01)과 비타민 C(p<0.01), 나이아신(p<0.05)의 섭취량은 소변 중 칼슘 배설량과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 폐경 후 여성에게서 영양소 섭취수준에 따라 골대사 지표물질의 농도에도 차이를 보였으며, 특히 단백질의 섭취수준과 칼슘, 비타민 C의 섭취량이 유의적으로 영향을 미쳐 부족하거나, 과잉되지 않는 적정 섭취 범위 내에서 골용출이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 폐경 이후 여성의 골격건강을 위하여 영양소의 적정섭취가 중요하며 부족뿐만 아니라 건강을 염려한 특정영양소의 과잉 섭취도 바람직하지 않은 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2015

Polycan originating from Aureobasidium pullulans is mostly composed of β-1, 3/1, 6 glucans and possesses an anti-osteoporotic effect. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy and safety of the polycan on bone biochemical markers in healthy perimenopausal women. Sixty subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups-group 1 received 400 mg of polycan and group 2 received placebo-these were administered once daily for 28 days. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was change in osteocalcin (OSC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Changes in calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx), N-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (NTx), and deoxypyridinoline (DPYR) were the secondary outcomes. A safety assessment was performed using adverse event (AE) and laboratory data. After 4 weeks of polycan treatment, OSC, DPYR, and BALP levels changed (P < 0.05) significantly from baseline in both groups. However, no significant differences were observed in any markers between the 2 groups, except for P (P < 0.05). Interestingly, group 2 showed a significant increase in CTx (65.2%, P < 0.05), while CTx in group 1 slightly increased (17.2%). Both groups showed no significant differences in AE. Although 4 weeks of polycan treatment did not have a statistically significant effect on bone metabolism biomarkers, increases in CTx were modestly inhibited by polycan. Further studies in a large population and longer treatment periods are needed to confirm the effect of polycan on bone turnover.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2006

Calcium concentration in the bone resorption lacunae is high and is in the mM concentration range. Both osteoblast and osteoclast have calcium sensing receptor in the cell surface, suggesting the regulatory role of high extracellular calcium in bone metabolism. In vitro, high extracellular calcium stimulated osteoclastogenesis in coculture of mouse osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. Therefore we examined the genes that were commonly regulated by both high extracellular calcium and $1,25(OH)_2vitaminD_3(VD3)$ by using mouse oligo 11 K gene chip. In the presence of 10 mM $[Ca^{2+}]e$ or 10 nM VD3, mouse calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were co-cultured for 4 days when tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells start to appear. Of 11,000 genes examined, the genes commonly regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3 were as follows; 1) the expression of genes which were osteoclast differentiation markers or were associated with osteoclastogenesis were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3; trap, mmp9, car2, ctsk, ckb, atp6b2, tm7sf4, rab7, 2) several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as sdf1, scya2, scyb5, scya6, scya8, scya9, and ccr1 were up-regulated both by high extracellular calcium and by VD3, 3) the genes such as mmp1b, mmp3 and c3 which possibly stimulate bone resorption by osteoclast, were commonly up-regulated, 4) the gene such as c1q and msr2 which were related with macrophage function, were commonly down-regulated, 5) the genes which possibly stimulate osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly down-regulated; slc8a1, admr, plod2, lox, fosb, 6) the genes which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were commonly up-regulated; s100a4, npr3, mme, 7) the genes such as calponin 1 and tgfbi which possibly suppress osteoblast differentiation and/or mineralization of extracellular matrix, were up-regulated by high extracellular calcium but were down-regulated by VD3. These results suggest that in coculture condition, both high extracellular calcium and VD3 commonly induce osteoclastogenesis but suppress osteoblast differentiation/mineralization by regulating the expression of related genes.