• 제목/요약/키워드: CWE

검색결과 50건 처리시간 0.034초

RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 청국장 열수 추출물(Cheonggukjang Water Extract, CWE)의 면역 증강 효과 (The immune enhancement effect of Cheonggukjang Water Extract (CWE) via activation of NF-κB pathways in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells)

  • 장세현;김산;김세정;윤성란;소보람;류정아;박정민;정성근
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제66권
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    • pp.282-288
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    • 2023
  • 코로나19 바이러스의 대유행으로 바이러스와 같은 외부 병원균으로부터 우리의 몸을 보호하는 면역 기능 개선 건강기능식품의 시장은 점차 증가하고 있다. 우리는 본 연구에서 높은 조단백, 조지방, 식이섬유 함량을 나타내는 고영양식품인 청국장이 면역 강화 기능을 나타냄을 밝혀내고자 하였다. 청국장 열수 추출물은 RAW 264.7 세포에서 세포독성을 나타내지 않으며, 대식세포의 nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species 및 interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α 사이토카인의 생산량을 증가시켰다. 또한, 청국장 열수 추출물은 RAW 264.7 세포에서 inducible nitric oxide synthase 및 cyclooxygenase-2의 발현을 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 청국장 열수 추출물은 RAW 264.7 세포에서 I kappa B kinase α/β와 I kappa B (IκB)α의 인산화 및 IκBα의 degradation을 증가시켰으며, Nuclear factor-kappa B p65의 인산화를 증가시켜 p65의 세포질에서 핵으로의 이동을 촉진하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 청국장 추출물이 선천성 면역 반응을 강화하는데 유망한 건강기능식품 소재로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Cutter-workpiece engagement determination for general milling using triangle mesh modeling

  • Gong, Xun;Feng, Hsi-Yung
    • Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.151-160
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    • 2016
  • Cutter-workpiece engagement (CWE) is the instantaneous contact geometry between the cutter and the in-process workpiece during machining. It plays an important role in machining process simulation and directly affects the calculation of the predicted cutting forces and torques. The difficulty and challenge of CWE determination come from the complexity due to the changing geometry of in-process workpiece and the curved tool path of cutter movement, especially for multi-axis milling. This paper presents a new method to determine the CWE for general milling processes. To fulfill the requirement of generality, which means for any cutter type, any in-process workpiece shape, and any tool path even with self-intersections, all the associated geometries are to be modeled as triangle meshes. The involved triangle-to-triangle intersection calculations are carried out by an effective method in order to realize the multiple subtraction Boolean operations between the tool and the workpiece mesh models and to determine the CWE. The presented method has been validated by a series of case studies of increasing machining complexity to demonstrate its applicability to general milling processes.

Construction of Carbon Paste Coated Wire Ion-Selective Electrode for Chloride and Its Application to Environmental Water Analysis

  • Yong-Kyun Lee;Soo Kil Rhim;Kyu-Ja Whang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.485-488
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    • 1989
  • A carbon paste coated-wire ion-selective electrode for chloride (carbon chloride-CWE) was constructed using epoxy resin, ion-exchanger and carbon powder as a polymer membrane. Its utility, the composition of a polymer membrane, the response characteristics, and the selectivity were examined and applied to the environmental water analysis. The carbon chloride-CWE was prepared using a silver wire, which was covered with silver chloride and then coated with epoxy resin into which chloride ion-exchanger and carbon powder were previously incorporated in advance. The response of the carbon chloride-CWE was Nernstian for $1.0{\times}10^{-2}-2{\times}10^{-5}$ M chloride and the useful pH range from $10^{-2} M Cl- to 10^{-4} M Cl^-$ was 3.0-9.0. Furthermore, the selectivity of chloride over iodide, bromide, and cyanide was much improved compared with those for a solid state epoxy body chloride electrode and a liquid membrane chloride electrode. The carbon chloride-CWE was applied to determine Cl^-$ in tap and ground water. The obtained results were in good agreement with those by the established methods such as spectrophotometric or other chloride-selective electrode methods.

Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Chrysanthemum indicum Aqueous Extract in Mice: Possible Involvement of GABAA Receptors and 5-HT1A Receptors

  • Hong, Sa-Ik;Kwon, Seung-Hwan;Kim, Min-Jung;Ma, Shi-Xun;Kwon, Je-Won;Choi, Seung-Min;Choi, Soo-Im;Kim, Sun-Yeou;Lee, Seok-Yong;Jang, Choon-Gon
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.413-417
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    • 2012
  • Chrysanthemum indicum Linne is an ancient herbal medicine used to treat bone and muscle deterioration, ocular inflammation, headache, and anxiety in Korea, China, and Japan. Furthermore, tea derived from Chrysanthemum indicum Linne has been used to treat anxiety by facilitating relaxation and curing insomnia. However, no reports exist on the anxiolytic-like effects of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne water extract (CWE) in mice. In the present study, we investigated the anxiolytic-like effects of CWE using the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test in mice. CWE, at a dose of 500 mg/kg (p.o.), significantly increased the time spent in the open arms of the EPM compared to a vehicle-injected control group. Moreover, the effect of CWE (500 mg/kg) was blocked by bicuculline (a selective $GABA_A$ receptor antagonist) and WAY 100635 (a selective 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor antagonist). Taken together, these findings suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of CWE might be mediated by the $GABA_A$ receptor and the 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor.

흑마늘 첨가에 따른 청국장의 항산화 및 아미노산의 변화 (Effect of black garlic on antioxidant activity and amino acids composition in Cheonggukjang)

  • 정태성;김진학;안신애;원용덕;이신호
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.643-649
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    • 2013
  • 청국장 제조시 기호성 개선과 생리활성 증진의 목적으로 흑마늘을 첨가한 청국장의 항산화 활성과 구성 및 유리 아미노산의 변화를 대조구와 비교 검토하였다. 총 폴리페놀 화합물은 흑마늘 첨가 청국장의 물추출물(BWE)에서 7.03 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, 일반청국장의 물추출물(CWE) 3.64 mg/100 g, 흑마늘 첨가 청국장의 에탄올 추출물(BEE) 2.88 mg/100 g, 그리고 일반 청국장의 에탄올 추출물(CEE)가 0.81 mg/100 g 순 이었다. 전자공여능은 BWE가 91.83%로 가장 높았으며, BEE(37.35%), CWE(25.54%), CEE(14.80%) 순이었다. SOD 유사활성은 BWE가 20.20%로 가장 높았으며, BEE(9.22%), CWE(7.91%), CEE(6.45%) 순이었다. 지질산패억제능(TBARS)을 측정한 결과는 BWE 35.18%으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, BEE(28.33%), CWE(17.40%), CEE(14.93%) 순이었다. 일반청국장이 흑마늘 첨가 청국장보다 총 아미노산의 함량이 높았으나 필수아미노산의 비율은 흑마늘 첨가 청국장(43.18%)과 일반청국장(42.27%)에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 유리아미노산은 일반 청국장에서는 총 27종, 흑마늘 첨가 청국장에서는 총 23종이 검출되었다. 일반청국장의 유리아미노산은 L-lysin(9.23%)이 가장 높았고, 흑마늘 첨가 청국장의 유리 아미노산 함량은 L-phenylalanine (23.14%)이 가장 높았다. 일반청국장에 함유되어 있는 유리아미노산 중 L-threonine, L-serine, L-sarcosine, L-proline, L-alanine, L-valine, D,L-${\beta}$-aminoisobutyric acid는 흑마늘 첨가 청국장에서는 검출되지 않았다.

한반도의 태풍피해에 관한 연구 (A Study on Typhoon-Disasers in the Korean Peninsula)

  • 유희정
    • 한국농공학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 1983
  • In order to study the disaster of typhoons which hit the Korean peninsula a period of 22 years from 1959 through 1980 was covered to collect necessary data with respect to attack of typhoons and their damage. Centering around the Korean peninsula, typhoons which attacked between 1959 and 1980 were grouped according to their treking routes and damage for detailed analyses. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average annual damage of typhoons in the Korean peninsula was found to be 1.27 from June to September. The monthly distributions were found to be 53.6% in August, 28.6% in September and 14.2% in July. 2. About an half (56.4%) of the typhoons which hit the Korean peninsula passed through the western coast and 27.3% through the southern and 14.6% through the eastern. Typhoons of the we8tern coast were divided by their treking routes as 25.5% in CWE type (Jul., Aug., Sep.), 14.6% in WE type (Jul., Aug.), 16.3% in W type (Jul.). 3. The minimum SLP averaged 976.6mb and ordere:l by the treking routes as E$_1$$_1$ and CWE types are higher 20mb than S, E or WE types. 4. The Korean peninsula was damaged by all number of the typhoons in WE or S type, by a third at number of its in E or WE and WI type. 5. The annual probabilities of typhoon-disasters were 0.773 for once or more, 0. 409 for twice or more, and 0.091 for three times or more. Hearvy damage experienced in the Korean peninsula are found to have an annual. 6. Amount of the damage by the treking routes in ordered S>WE>CWE>E>W$_1$, and heavy storms experienced in the Xorean peninsula are found to have accompanied the WE and S types during the months of August and September. 7. The average annual damages were found to be 110 at the death-tall, 45, 000 at the sufferers and 10.5 billion at the property damage. 8. Seventy-sex percent of the all damage in the Korean peninsula distributed on the district from the 36th Parallel south and included Chie Ju island.

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정적 분석 툴을 이용한 비용 기반의 취약점 처리 방안 (Cost Based Vulnerability Control Method Using Static Analysis Tool)

  • 이기현;김석모;박용범;박제호
    • 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.139-144
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    • 2016
  • 소프트웨어 개발 시 보안을 고려한 개발방법의 적용은 추가비용을 발생시키고, 이러한 추가 비용은 많은 개발조직에서 보안을 고려하지 못하는 원인이 된다. 보안을 고려한 개발을 진행 하더라도, 주어진 비용 내에서 처리할 수 있는 취약점 처리량을 산출하는 방법이 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 보안 취약점 처리 비용을 효율적으로 사용하여 취약점 처리량을 산출하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 소프트웨어 개발단계 중 구현 단계에 중점을 두고, 정적 분석 툴을 활용하여 CWE TOP25에 대한 보안 취약점을 찾아낸다. 찾아진 취약점은 CWE의 정보를 활용하여, 각 취약점의 위험도, 처리 비용, 비용 당 위험도를 정의하고, 처리 우선순위를 정의한다. 정의된 우선순위를 통하여 탐지된 취약점 처리에 소모되는 비용을 산출하고, 투입 비용 내에서 취약점 처리량을 제어한다. 본 방법을 적용하면, 투입 비용 내에서 최대의 취약점의 위험도를 처리할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

온라인 학습에서 비구조화된 문제에 대한 해결된 예제 효과 (The Worked Example Effect using Ill-defined Problems in On-line Learning : Focus on the Components of a Worked Example)

  • 권선아;이재경;이현정
    • 한국IT서비스학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.129-143
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    • 2015
  • This study has two goals. The first goal is to investigate whether worked examples are effective in the ill-defined domain with on-line learning and the second goal is to find out which components (conceptual or procedural knowledge) of worked examples are effective factor at the given learning environment. We carried out three experiments in which Korean undergraduate or graduate students were working in three or four conditions of worked examples (CWE, PWE, CPWE, or the control group). While experiment 1 conducted in on-line learning environment did not find any effect and difference among groups and also any logical reason for those results, experiment 2 conducted in completely controlled laboratory setting with less knowledgeable students showed the clear difference among groups by the order CPWE, PWE, and CWE. Experiment 3 in which highly knowledgeable and motivated students were presented the same materials in more controlled on-line learning environment indicated the difference among groups by the order CWE, CPWE, and PWE. The results were discussed within the framework of cognitive load theory.

Codes and standards on computational wind engineering for structural design: State of art and recent trends

  • Luca Bruno;Nicolas Coste;Claudio Mannini;Alessandro Mariotti;Luca Patruno;Paolo Schito;Giuseppe Vairo
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.133-151
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    • 2023
  • This paper first provides a wide overview about the design codes and standards covering the use of Computational Wind Engineering / Computational Fluid Dynamics (CWE/CFD) for wind-sensitive structures and built environment. Second, the paper sets out the basic assumptions and underlying concepts of the new Annex T "Simulations by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD/CWE)" of the revised version "Guide for the assessment of wind actions and effects on structures" issued by the Advisory Committee on Technical Recommendations for Constructions of the Italian National Research Council in February 2019 and drafted by the members of the Special Interest Group on Computational Wind Engineering of the Italian Association for Wind Engineering (ANIV-CWE). The same group is currently advising UNI CT021/SC1 in supporting the drafting of the new Annex K - "Derivation of design parameters from wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations" of the revised Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions. Finally, the paper outlines the subjects most open to development at the technical and applicative level.

The numerical wind tunnel for industrial aerodynamics: Real or virtual in the new millennium?

  • Stathopoulos, T.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제5권2_3_4호
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    • pp.193-208
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    • 2002
  • Previous studies have shown that Computational Wind Engineering (CWE) is still in its infancy and has a long way to go to become truly useful to the design practitioner. The present work focuses on more recent studies to identify progress on outstanding issues and improvements in the numerical simulation of wind effects on buildings. The paper reviews wind loading and environmental effects; it finds that, in spite of some interesting and visually impressive results produced with CWE, the numerical wind tunnel is still virtual rather than real and many more parallel studies - numerical and experimental - will be required to increase the level of confidence in the computational results.