• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2003

Objectives & Methods : This study was designed to investigate acupunture and moibustion for leukorrhea through literature research. We extracted the parts and acupuncture and moxibustion forleukorrhea from ancient and modern oriental medical literature. Results & Conclusions : The acupoint used on acupunture only were 66 acupoints. The acupoints used often were SP6, GB26, LR2, CV6, SP9, BL30, BL32 in order and the meridians used often were BL, SP, CV, LR, KI, ST in order. The acupoint used on moxibustion only were 35 acupoints. The acupoints used often were CV3, BL30, GV4, CV8, SP6 in order and the meridians used often were CV, BL, SP, KI, LR in order. In case of comparative investigation about acupuncture & moxa point being found in the literature of the past and the modern age, in the past literature, acupoints curing a disease of internal genitals in women were selected. But on the other hand, in the modern literature, acupuncture points were selected by differentiation of symptoms and signs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.1343-1350
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, the skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperatures in the college students. Method: Data was collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 students from two universities ticipated in the study. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables', the intensity of dysmenorrhea, skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperature. Then, SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson & Rice(1974), Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(l980), and a Stress scale developed by Cheun and Kim(l991). Result: There were statistically significant differences in the intensity of dysmenorrhea 30minutes after the intervention. The experimental group had a lower intensity than the control group. There were not statistically significant differences in skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperature 30minutes after the intervention with the experimental group. Conclusion: SP-6 acupressure reduced the subjective perception of dysmenorrhea.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.128-137
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, skin temperature at th e CV2 acupoint. This study was a pretest-post test study design wit h a nonequivalent control group. Data were collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 female student s from two universities participated in the study. Among them, 30 female students were assigned as the experimental group an d the other 28 students to the control group. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables, the degree of dysmenorrhea, and skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint. Then, the SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson(1974), skin thermometer by Simson Eectric CO., Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and Stress scale developed by Chun and Kim(1990). The data were analyzed with the SAS program using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA and Bonferroni method were used to determine significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. There was a statistically significant difference in the intensity of dysmenorrhea after the intervention with the experimental group having a lower intensity than the control group. 2. There was a statistically significant difference in skin temperature at the CV2 acupoint 30min (F=4.87, p=0.03) after the intervention with the experimental group having a higher temperature. In conclusion, the SP-6 acupressure has proved to be an effective nursing intervention to reduce dysmenorrhea. Therefore, it is recommended women suffering from dysmenorrhea use the SP-6 acupressure.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 2010

Objectives: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; LPS control (n=6), LPS+cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at CV4 (n=6), LPS+cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at CV17 (n=6), and LPS+cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at Ex-HN1 (n=6). Pharmacopuncture (0.1 ml) was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by peritoneal LPS injection (5 mg/kg). Blood, liver tissue, and peritoneal lavage fluid were taken and proinflammatory cytokines and other related factors were analysed. Results: Compared with the control group, CV4 and Ex-HN1 pharmacopuncture groups significantly attenuated plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ increase at 2h and 5h after LPS injection (P<0.05). A significant difference from control group emerged at 5 h for plasma IL10 (P<0.05). For liver cytokines analyzed at 5 h after LPS injection, only CV4 pharmacopuncture group showed significant difference in TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-10 (P<0.05). Blood CD4/CD8 ratio and the phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were not different from those of control group in all pharmacopuncture groups (P>0.05). CV4 pharmacopuncture significantly attenuated increase of plasma ${NO_3}^-/{NO_2}^-$, Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) compared with the control group (P<0.05). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, $PGE_2$, and CINC-1 level of CV4 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different from those from the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at CV4 may have a potent anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze acupuncture treatment methods and acupoint used to treat infertility in the last decade. The data were retrieved from 2010.1 to 2021.8. using national and international electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, OASIS, NDSL, and KISS). "Infertility," "sterility," "acupuncture," "electroacupuncture," "bloodletting," "pharmacopuncture," were used as search terms. All studies were mainly concerned with acupuncture treatment of infertility, but the studies which were not related included; (1) infertility or acupuncture treatment; (2) animal studies; (3) review/meta/protocol or clinical study; comparative studies and case reports which were excluded from this review. Only clinical trials for acupuncture treatment of infertility were included in this review (n = 18). For infertility treatment studies using acupuncture, polycystic ovarian syndrome was the main cause of infertility, the most common acupoint used was CV4, CV3, CV6, SP6, BL23, and the treatment effect significantly improved in the group receiving acupuncture treatment compared with the control group, or the group taking Western medicine alone. In some studies, the group using acupuncture treatment did not show side effects. Acupuncture is an effective treatment for infertility.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

Objectives : Demonstrating a novel circulatory path from the acupoint(CV12) to the pancreas. Method : Alcian blue(1% solution, $20{\mu}l$, pH 7.4) was injected into the acupoint(CV12). Two hours later the surfaces of internal organs were observed by using a stereomicroscope. Results : Alcian blue arrived and colored the omental fat band(OFB) on the pancreas. The OFB connected the head and tail of the pancreas, the pancreas and the spleen, and the pancreas and the stomach. Conclusion : The existence of a novel circulatory path from the acupoint CV12 to the pancreas and its OFB was demonstrated.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the meaning and the importance of needling or moxibustion- prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong(鍼灸甲乙經). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong, then investigated the causes of the prohibitions from the various literatures and the anatomical structures near the acupoints. Results : In Chimgugapeulgyeong, the needling and moxibustion-prohibited points were ST9, ST17, ST32, CV5, and CV15. The needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, GV24, and jwagak(左角). The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST30, ST33, BL5, BL6, BL15, BL30, TE18, TE21, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and GV25. The major cause of developing prohibited needling or moxibustion was due to the possibility to damage vessels or organs near them; other causes were side effects brought by applying wrong stimulating method or inducing women sterilized. Conclusions : The prohibition of needling or moxibustion on the points found in Chimgugapeulgyeong had acceptable causes. Therefore the techniques of needling or moxibustion on the acupoint should be performed with care.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

Objectives : This research aimed to verify the validities of contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture treatment in Zhenjiudacheng. Methods : We investigated contraindicated acupoints when performing needling in Zhenjiudacheng, then verified them in today's medical knowledge and clinical studies. Results : In Zhenjiudacheng, 39 acupoints - LU2, LI4, LI13, LI14, LI16, ST1, ST9, ST12, ST17, ST25, ST30, ST42, SP6, SP11, SI18, BL8, BL9, BL56, KI11, TE7, TE8, TE19, TE20, GB3, GB18, GB21, GV10, GV11, GV17, GV22, GV24, CV1, CV4, CV5, CV8, CV9, CV15, CV17 and EX-HN11 - were described to need a careful approach in acupuncture treatment and 21 acupoints among them had contraindications. Most of the contraindications can be explained based on anatomical knowledge and results of clinical studies, and acupuncture treatment at the 39 contraindicated acupoints can induce injury of tissues or organs near the acupoints. Conclusions : The contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture treatment in Zhenjiudacheng seem to have been classified based on the adverse events experienced by doctors at that time. Therefore careful acupuncture treatment at these acupoints is needed to avoid injury to tissue or organs.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.55-68
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; LPS control (n=6), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at BL23 (n=6, BL23), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 (n=6, CV12), and LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at GV4 (n=6, GV4). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by intraperitoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Blood, liver tissue, and peritoneal lavage fluid were taken and proinflammatory cytokines and other related factors were analysed. Results : For proinflammatory cytokines, CV12 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control group in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 5 h after LPS injection (P<0.05). For plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, CV12 pharmacopuncture group also showed significant difference at 2 h compared with the control (P<0.05). GV4 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control at 5 h in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ and at 2 h in IL-10 (P<0.05). Liver cytokines were analyzed at 5 h after LPS injection; only CV12 pharmacopuncture group showed significant difference in IL-$1{\beta}$ (P<0.05) and others including IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 had no difference compared with the control group. CD4/CD8 ratio and the phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were not different from those of control group in all pharmacopuncture groups (P>0.05). Plasma NO3-/NO2- and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 of CV12 pharmacopuncture group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2, all 3 pharmacopuncture groups had significantly lower values than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference among pharmacopucnture groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cytokine-induced neutorphil chemoattractant-1 in peritoneal lavage fluid was significantly decreased in CV12 pharmacopuncture group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions : These results indicate that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potent anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

Objectives : Circii Herba has been used as a natural drug for the treatment of stress digestive system disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Circii Herba aqua-acupuncture solution (CHAS) in experimental oxidative liver injury. Methods : In order to investigate the effects of CHAS on acute liver injury, male ICR mice were pretreated with CHAS(0.2 ml/mouse/day) at the loci of BL18 and CV12 for 6days, starved for 24hrs, and administerated acetaminophen(500 mg/kg, i.p.). After acetaminophen administeration, mice were sacrificed, and the liver was removed, rinsed with ice-cold $1.15{\%}$ KCI buffer, and homogenized at $4^{\circ}C$. Fractions(fraction Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) were isolated by differential centrifugation. Lipidperoxide, total SH, and glutathione(GSH) levels were measured in the Fraction Ⅰ. In addition, activities of hepatic enzyme, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) were measured in the Fraction Ⅱ, and glutathione S-transferase(GST) was measured in the Fraction Ⅲ. Results : In vivo treatment of CHAS(BL18 and CV12) showed effective inhibition of acetaminophen induced lipid peroxidation, and showed elevations of total SH, GSH level, catalase, GSH-Px, GST activities. Conclusions : These results suggested that CHAS might suppress the formation of oxidative metabolites, and prevent acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity.