• 국제물리치료학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.2119-2125
• /
• 2020

Background: Adults with forward head posture (FHP) often suffer from thoracic hyperkyphosis and thoracic dysfunction, and including reduction of the craniovertebral angle (CV angle) and tightening of the superficial neck muscles. In order to treat thoracic dysfunction, interventions aimed at improving thoracic mobility are necessary. Objectives: To examine the effects of maitland manual mobilization therapy on the thoracic spine in adults with FHP. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty adults with FHP who met the selection criteria were randomized to the thoracic multiple joint mobilization (TMJM; n=15) group and the thoracic general joint mobilization (TGJM; n=15) group. Joint mobilizations were performed for 23 minutes a day for 4 weeks continuously, two times per week. Outcome measures were ImageJ, BTS FREE EMG 1000, neck disability Index (NDI). Results: Although changes in the left sternocleidomastoid muscle activity and NDI scores over time between the two groups differed, other variables were noted only changes observed over time. Muscle activity in the right sternocleidomastoid increased again in the TGJM group post-intervention and 2 weeks after the end of the experiment, but changes in other variables were retained or improved, confirming the lasting effects of thoracic joint mobilization. Conclusion: Thoracic multiple joint mobilization may be recommended as a more effective intervention for adults with FHP.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제24권10호
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2010

This paper describes the safety assessment of power cable splices connecting different sized 6/10[kV] class power cables. To assess the safety, AC withstand voltage tests, partial discharge tests and impulse tests were carried out to the cable splice specimens and thermal rise due to overload and cross section of joint were examined as well. As a result, a breakdown due to the $4.5[U_0](27[kV_{ac}])$ application could not found for 5 minutes. Under $1.73[U_0](10.4[kV_{ac}])$ application, partial discharges of 4~8[pC] were detected. In impulse tests, all the specimens withstood to the standard waveforms of $75[kV_{peak}](1.2{\times}50[{\mu}s])$ without any breakdowns. In addition, the temperature on the splice rose by $3[^{\circ}C]$ when the 200[A] flew through the splice for 20minutes, however the thermal rise of $3[^{\circ}C]$ was considered due to the atmospheric temperature. After all the electrical tests, the cross section of the splice was visually examined. The conditions of the conductors of both $185[mm^2]$ and $240[mm^2]$ were good.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.218-226
• /
• 2016

Coordination among users is an inevitable but time-consuming operation in wireless networks. It severely limit the system performance when the data rate is high. We present FC-MAC, a novel MAC protocol that can complete a contention within one contention slot over a joint frequency-code domain. When a node takes part in the contention, it generates randomly a contention vector (CV), which is a binary sequence of length equal to the number of available orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers. In FC-MAC, different user is assigned with a distinct signature (i.e., PN sequence). A node sends the signature at specific subcarriers and uses the sequence of the ON/OFF states of all subcarriers to indicate the chosen CV. Meanwhile, every node uses the redundant antennas to detect the CVs of other nodes. The node with the minimum CV becomes the winner. The experimental results show that, the collision probability of FC-MAC is as low as 0.05% when the network has 100 nodes. In comparison with IEEE 802.11, contention time is reduced by 50-80% and the throughput gain is up to 200%.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.337-366
• /
• 2004

비시장재 가치평가기법 중의 하나인 조건부 가치평가법(CVM)은 응답자들이 가상적 환경질 변화에 대한 지불의사를 표시할 때 현실적 예산제약조건에 기초하지 않기 때문에 과다평가피는 경향이 있다는 비판을 받아왔다. 본 연구는 여행비용법에 기초한 레크리에이션 수요함수와 조건부 가치평가법에 기초한 지불의사함수를 효용이론의 틀 안에서 결합 추정하는 과정에서 CVM 응답과 관련된 소득조정계수(income calibration factor)를 추정함으로써 CVM의 유효성과 타당성을 분석하고자 한다. 수요함수와 지불의사함수의 결합추정모형은 최근 새만금 사업과 관련하여 논란이 되고 있는 만경강 유역의 수질개선을 사례로 분석하였다. 결함추정의 결과 중요 경제변수인 가격과 소득 그리고 수질변수들은 경제이론이 설명하는 바대로 수요함수와 지불의사 함수에 통계적으로 유효한 영향을 미쳤다. 소득조정계수 역시 통계적으로 1과 다르지 않은 것으로 나타나 실제 레크리에이션 수요행동에 비추어 가상적 수질개선에 대한 지불의사를 진술하는데 있어서, 적어도 예산과장의 측면에서 체계적인 편의는 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과는 주의 깊게 설계된 CVM 연구가 비시장재인 환경질의 변화에 대한 소비자들의 지불의사를 도출하는데 유용한 자료를 제공할 수 있음을 실증적으로 시사하고 있다.

• Advances in robotics research
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2018

Robotics and automation are rapidly growing in the industries replacing human labor. The idea of robots replacing humans is positively influencing the business thereby increasing its scope of research. This paper discusses the development of an experimental platform controlled by a robotic arm through Robot Operating System (ROS). ROS is an open source platform over an existing operating system providing various types of robots with advanced capabilities from an operating system to low-level control. We aim in this work to control a 7-DOF manipulator arm (Robai Cyton Gamma 300) equipped with an external vision camera system through ROS and demonstrate the task of balancing a ball on a plate-type end effector. In order to perform feedback control of the balancing task, the ball is designed to be tracked using a camera (Sony PlayStation Eye) through a tracking algorithm written in C++ using OpenCV libraries. The joint actuators of the robot are servo motors (Dynamixel) and these motors are directly controlled through a low-level control algorithm. To simplify the control, the system is modeled such that the plate has two-axis linearized motion. The developed system along with the proposed approaches could be used for more complicated tasks requiring more number of joint control as well as for a testbed for students to learn ROS with control theories in robotics.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
• /
• pp.1614-1616
• /
• 1998

Insulation performance of major components of prefabricated joint such as epoxy insulation unit and premolded rubber cone are guaranteed by material selection design and proper manufacturing. On the other hand insulation performance of the interfaces between the premolded rubber cone and the epoxy insulation unit and the cable insulation is maintained by keeping the premolded rubber cone to close contact with such insulation by spring. Electric characteristics of a interface depend on the contact pressure, but the required characteristics are assured so far as a proper contact pressure is maintained. In this report, the interfacial pressure by pressure sensors both in the early stage and after heating cycle were measured and the simulation by FEM program were presented. The comparison of these two results show that interfacial pressure could be controlled optimally by changing the spring length and lubricant state of the interface.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.21-36
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was analyse the mandibular movements in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint according to diagnostic subgroups. The author classified patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint into 4 diagnostic subgroups by means of the magnet resonance imagings, and evaluated the clinical signs and the mandibular movements with Mandibular Kinesiograph(MKG) in each subgroups. The mandibular movements, measured in this study, were the types of movement in frontal and sagittal plane, velocities in opening and closing movement, and the opening and closing movement, and the opening and closing velocity pattern. The data were compared between the 5 groups including the normal group. The results were as follows : 1. Pain was more frequently observed in the anterior disc displacement without reduction group than in the anterior disc displacement with reduction group. Sound of joint was more frequently observed in the anterior disc displacement with reduction group, and limitation of mandibular opening movement was more frequently observed in the anterior disc displacement without reduction group. Duration of the anterior disc displacement without reduction group was significantly short compared to that of the anterior disc displacement with reduction group, and duration of the unilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction group was shortest in the experimental group. The frequency of Angle's classifications had not significant correlations between the experimental groups. 2. Active and passive range of the opening movement, maximum protrusive movement, maximum lateral movement toward left side were significantly decreased in the experimental groups compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in the range of the maximum lateral movement toward right side between the control and experiment groups. In unilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction group, the range of maximum lateral movement toward unaffected side was no significant difference in the range of the maximum lateral movement between toward affected side and toward unaffected side. 3. Maximum opening velocity, maximum closing velocity, average opening velocity, average closing velocity and maximum velocity of terminal tooth contact were significantly decreased in the experimental groups compared to control group. There was no significant difference in maximum opening velocity and maximum velocity of Terminal tooth contact between the subgroups of the experimental group each other, but there was significant difference in maximum closing velocity, average opening velocity and average closing velocity between the subgroups each other. 4. In the frontal plane of the MKG, the frequency of complex deviation type(F-2)pattern was significantly increased in the anterior disc displacement with out reduction group compared to the anterior disc displacement with reduction group and the control group. In the sagittal plane, the frequency of coincident type(S-1)was decreased in the same group. 5. In the maximum opening velocity pattern, the frequency of no-peak type (OV-3)in the unilateral anterior disc displacement with reduction group was significantly increased compared to the control group. The frequency of 1-peak type (OV-1) and 2-peak type (OV-2) was decreased in the anterior disc displacement with out reduction group, but the frequency of no-peak type (OV-3)was increased in the same group. In the maximum closing velocity pattern, the frequency of no-peak type (CV-3) was significantly increased in the anterior disc displacement without reduction group. Compared to the anterior disc displacement with reduction group and the control group. The frequency of 1-peak type (CV-1) and 2-peak type (CV-2) in the anterior disc displacement with reduction group was decreased than that in the control group.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.925-930
• /
• 2004

This paper is to study vibration effects of the dynamic vibration absorber. Multi-body dynamic analysis is carried out for the vehicle driveline model using ADAMS with flexible propeller shaft attached with the vibration damper. Primary bending mode frequency of the propeller shaft is obtained from the simulation and coincides with the experimental result. Various design parameters are studied in dynamic simulation operated by the engine torque input. This paper identifies the responses of dynamic vibration absorbers in the driveline with propeller shaft, which will be used to find out optimal design parameters.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.625-634
• /
• 2007

KARI SUAV program was initiated to develop a Smart Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with innovative smart technologies. SUAV is a tilt rotor aircraft of which rotor system is 3-bladed, gimbaled hub type. Several existing concepts of gimbaled hub were analyzed and compared to investigate the applicability to SUAV rotor system design. From the result of these investigations, it was concluded that a new design concept of low cost and high reliability characteristics was necessary for the rotor hub development of SUAV. The design requirements of new gimbal hub concept and the design results were presented. Also, the analysis results to verify the satisfaction of design requirements of SUAV rotor system were presented.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2010

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means "improving ourselves by learning from others', therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. The goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclists participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. One was dominant cyclist (years: 21 yrs, height: 177 cm, mass: 70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist (years: 21, height: 176, mass: 70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al (1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that was devised by Martens et. al (1990) and athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV of ankle joint angle was higher than non-dominant's CV and dominant's pedaling pattern was consistent in biomechanics domain, which the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.