• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2023

The traffic flow in an urban area is affected by the date, weather, and regional traffic flow. The existing methods are weak to model the dynamic road network features, which results in inadequate long-term prediction performance. To solve the problems regarding insufficient capacity for dynamic modeling of road network structures and insufficient mining of dynamic spatio-temporal features. In this study, we propose a novel traffic flow prediction framework called shared spatio-temporal attention convolution optimization network (SSTACON). The shared spatio-temporal attention convolution layer shares a spatio-temporal attention structure, that is designed to extract dynamic spatio-temporal features from historical traffic conditions. Subsequently, the graph optimization module is used to model the dynamic road network structure. The experimental evaluation conducted on two datasets shows that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods at all time intervals.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.109-125
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the understanding level of the Korean traditional seasonal customs during summer (i.e. Buddha's birthday, Dano festival, Yudu festival and Chilseok) before and after the execution of a educational program concerning seasonal customs and determine if elementary school teachers recognize a need for this kind of educational program. The subjects of this study were 168 students in the 4th grade at two elementary schools (84 students each for the experiment group and the control group) and 249 teachers at the elementary schools in Yangju city. The major results of this study are as follows : First, it was shown that there is no significant difference in the understanding level of seasonal customs between the experiment group and the control group in the pre-test, but after carrying out the educational program, it was indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the experiment group and the control group in the post-test. Second, in addition to strongly pointing out the necessity of seasonal customs education, the teachers recognized that it is desirable to teach seasonal customs to students through the discretionary activity class corresponding to the seasonal divisions in the year and that it is especially important to perform the educational activity through traditional plays and to utilize audio-visual media. Also, teachers hoped that a seasonal customs program suitable for elementary school students would be required, along with the development of instructional materials, and finally that the schools need to further develop teacher training through field inspections and practice.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.167-188
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• 2011

The World Customs Organization (WCO) has designed standards to secure and to facilitate the ever-growing flow of goods in international commerce since 9.11 terrorism in U.S.A. These standards are set forth in the SAFE Framework of Standards, which was adopted by the WCO Council at its 2005 Sessions and the SAFE Framework incorporates the concept of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO), and the Council directed the WCO to develop more detailed implementing provisions for the AEO concept. It is considered to be reliable in customs-related operations and ensures an equivalent level of protection in customs controls for goods brought into or out of the customs territory, whereas it is difficult for many Korean companies to make a decision of introducing the AEO certification programs because of a lack of cost and benefit information. In this article, We have reviewed the definition and the developing status of an AEO programmes and have studied the benefit and expected effect through documentary research methods. Therefore, it is essential for Korean companies to be certified the AEO programmes from Korea customs service for increasing security in international supply chains through risk management and customs compliance, in addition, the key-driver in the future will be expectations from the business community to work with AEO partners.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

The Customs Administration, unlike other administrative service, should respond to constantly changing external environment. The Customs has to actively adapt itself to government policy changes, economic changes and international environment changes to facilitate the flow of trade logistics and maintain trading relations wi th other countries. The purpose of this paper is to explain policy directions of the Korea Customs Service which enforces various policies related to tariff and non-tariff barrier elimination for the trade liberalization while the Korean government is pursuing FTAs on a multi-track basis. This paper aims to seek ways to apply FTA policies to the Korean society and economy in a smooth manner. First of all, this paper examines changes in Customs administration brought by the proliferation of FTAs to such areas as FTA negotiations, import/export management, duties and taxes collection, drawback reduction/exempt ion of duty application area of preferential tariff rate and country of origin management. Then, the paper sets FTA missions of "supporting Customs Administration to lead the new trend of free trade environment" after analyzing the environment changes. To achieve the FTA mission mentioned above, the KCS designated 4 strategies and 40 implementation tasks. The 4 strategies are named "4C Strategies" taking initial letters from Client-oriented, Customized procedures, Cooperation and Constitution. "4C" also refers to Foresee(strategies to foresee the successful establishment of FTA policies) or For C(Customer or Customs). The KCS will continue to create new tasks through various channels and monitor their implementation process, and to help FTA regime successfully take root in Korea.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.53-72
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• 2001

This study focuses on analyzing the economic effects and probes the necessity of establishing a customs free zone at the Port of Busan. It first considers the economic effects of establishing a customs free zone at the Port of Busan, then suggests policy prescriptions for introducing and operating the free zone system and improving the logistics functions of the Port. The timeline of this study is focused on 2007, when all of Busan Port will operate as a customs free zone and the first stage of the New Busan Port and distribution parks will be built and opened for operation. The regression analysis, which was conducted using the inter-industry relations table(input-output table data), provided a quantitative prediction on the effects of making Busan Port into a customs free zone. Regarding the impact of a free zone system on the domestic and regional economy, this research found that the impact of a customs free zone on domestic industries and the regional economy once the customs free zone is established throughout all of Busan Port would be highly positive. The positive economic effects on the domestic and Busan regional economy might be further strengthened if the value-added logistics function of Busan Port could be supplemented by effective linking to the hinterlands.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.203-222
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 미국의 판례와 법제를 살펴봄으로서 기존의 FTA관련한 법제연구가 주로 협정문해석을 위주로 하는 점을 보완하였다. 또한 향후에 우리 기업이 분쟁의 발생에 대비한 법적대응방안을 구체적으로 세우는데 연구의 주된 목적이 있다. 미국의 FTA특혜관세를 관장하는 법은 주로 미국관세법(Tariff Act of 1930)이라 할 수 있고, 이를 보완하기 위하여 각국과 체결한 자유무역협정과 연계하여 관세행정을 시행하고 있다. 연방관세법에서 주로 쟁점이 되는 사항은 상품의 분류와 관련하여 통합관세율표(Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States)의 해석문제라고 할 수 있다. 한미FTA협정문과 미국관세법에 의해 분쟁을 판단함에 있어 미국연방법원은 연방세관이 내리는 결정에 대하여 비교적 우호적인 태도를 취하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 미연방세관당국이 통관과정에서의 많은 규제경험으로 법적인 하자를 크게 노정하지 않고 관세행정을 다루고 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 한국의 수출업자는 미국 진출시에 발생할 수 있는 관세법상의 문제점을 미리 점검하고 세관당국의 규제선례를 적극적으로 수집하여 미국세관당국의 조치를 사전에 예상하고 이에 대한 대비책을 미리 세우는 것이 중요할 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2013

This study estimates the classification criteria which distinguishes the types of omega-3 health functional foods, fish oils and fish oil usages through $^{13}C$-NMR spectra and fatty acids contents analysis. The major fatty acids of omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, $C_{20:5}$) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, $C_{22:6}$) are being analyzed. 10 ethyl ester (EE) forms and 10 triglyceride (TG) forms are the most common types of fish oils for 20 omega-3 products. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis generally shows the matching EPA and DHA contents of the products listed on the notation. But EE form contents of EPA and DHA are higher and are more varied than the TG form. Most of the samples of EPA/DHA ratio show different content ratios of indicated on the products when comparing with standards. The $^{13}C$-NMR analysis of EPA and DHA on sn-1,3 and sn-2 carbonyl peak position with fish oil triglycerides display whether the reconstituted triglycerides (rTG) are being confirmed or not. As a result of the 9 TG form, the 10 TG products showed similar values: EPA sn-1, 3; 13.46~15.66, sn-2; 3.00~4.52, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.43~4.40, sn-2; 3.84~6.36. But one product showed lower contents (EPA: sn-1, 3; 5.88, sn-2; 2.86, DHA sn-1, 3; 2.29, sn-2; 5.95) of EPA, thus it can be considered a different type of oil and only matched six products according to the label. This study is intended to provide basic materials which identify the status for the types and quality of omega-3 fish oil products according to fatty acids profiles and the $^{13}C$-NMR spectrum confirmed the location specificity of EPA and DHA.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.233-254
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• 2007

According to the empirical study, the research model has been verified about the introduction of new ubiquitous technology into the Customs Information System. The research model is meaningful in deducing policy for accepting the new ubiquitous technology into the Customs Information System. The organization style is not yet positively accomplished, because of insufficient recognition about the new ubiquitous instrument. The other side the individual style, environmental style and working characteristics are contribute to accept the new ubiquitous environment, because of sufficient of education, usage and recognizing the usefulness of the portal information. It is established the Customs Information System with new ubiquitous technology such as RFID, DM, UCR etc.. for the usefulness and convenience.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.203-224
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to review and analyze the protection measures for the importer's interests through the utilization of electronic delivery order(e-D/O) with the implementation of trade facilitation measures such as the simplification of customs procedures by the Korea Customs Service. The Korea Customs Service has been introducing several custom facilitation measures through the use of EDI system in the export and import processes. Korea has also already achieved a comparable level of sophistication in trade automation and custom simplification field. However, the full benefits of the trade automation and custom simplification measures have not yet achieved through the frequent illegal delivery of the imported goods in the bonded areas. Therefore, it is argued in this study that the introduction and the full utilization of e-D/O would help to reap the trade automation and custom simplification measures in Korea. In conclusion, it is emphasized that it would be very crucial for the Korean government to introduce the trusted repository for distribution of the electronic trade-related documents and the construction of the one stop single window platform for the trade and customs facilitation.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제20권
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• pp.241-265
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to examine the customs clearance impediment and trade parties breaches of international sales contract by the impediment. Customs clearance impediment arises when (a)clearance is not permitted, (b) importation goods are confiscated, (c)clearance delay without expectation, and (d) additional excessive trade cost caused in the process of clearance. This kind of clearance impediment may cause the breach of international sales contract. And it depends on its contents of contract and causal sequence i.e. cause and effect respectively in determining who is liable for it. If one party exemptions by Article 79 CISG, next three elements must be proved. (a)The failure was due to an impediment beyond his control; (b)the impediment was reasonably unforeseeable at the time of the conclusion of the contract, and (c)the impediment was reasonably impossible to overcome. But the customs clearance impediment is not easy to prove these three elements, the party who is responsible the customs clearance may not be exemptions by Article 79 CISG. And, according to review, it is concluded that the buyer, rather than seller, is liable for the damage which is caused in the process of clearance. It is also confirmed that the seller is sometimes liable for depending on clauses of contracts i.e. quality conditions.