• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제52권7호
• /
• pp.275-281
• /
• 2003

$Zn_{0.5}Cd_{0.5}Al_{2}Se_{4}$ and $Zn_{0.5}Cd_{0.5}Al_{2}Se_{4}$:$Co^{2+}$ single crystals were grown by CTR method. The grown single crystals have defect chalcopyrite structure with lattice constant a=5.5966$\AA$, c=10.8042$\AA$ for the pure, a=5.6543$\AA$, c=10.8205$\AA$ for the Co-doped single crystal, respectively. The optical energy band gap was given as indirect band gap. The optical energy band gap was decreased according to add of Co-impurity Temperature dependence of optical energy band gap was fitted well to the Varshni equation. From this relation, we can deduced the entropy, enthalpy and heat capacity. Also, we can observed the Co-impurity optical absorption peaks assigned to the $Co^{2+}$ ion sited at the $T_{d}$ symmetry lattice and we consider that they were attributed to the electron transitions between energy levels of ions.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.764-775
• /
• 2003

차등 서비스 네트워크(Diffserv network)의 확신 서비스(Assured Service)에 대한 기존 연구는 TCP 플로우의 RTT(Round Trip Time) 및 계약한 목표 전송률(CTR: Committed Target Rate)에 따른 전송률 분배의 공평성에 대한 고려가 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 기존 연구에서의 문제점들을 개선한 TRA3CM(Target rate and RTT Aware 3 Color Marker) 메커니즘을 제안한다. TRA3CM에서는 평균 전송률을 예측하기 위한 시간 창 길이로 RTT를 이용하며, 3색 마킹을 제공하고, RTT와 목표 전송률을 동시 고려하여 집합 플로우들 사이에 공평하게 전송률을 분배할 수 있다. 또한 under-provisioned 네트워크에서도 RTT의 영향을 완화시켜 집합 플로우들 사이에 공평성을 보장하고 있다. 기존 방식들과 비교한 결과 제안한 TRA3CM은 RTT의 영향을 완화시키는 데 있어 좋은 성능을 보이며, 목표 전송률에 비례하는 전송률 제공에서도 우수한 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2020

Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contact-dependent secretion system, employed by most gram-negative bacteria for translocating effector proteins to target cells. The present study was conducted to investigate T6SS in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial blight in rice, and to unveil its functions. Two T6SS clusters were found in the genome of Xoo PXO99^A. The deletion mutants, Δhcp1, Δhcp2, and Δhcp12, targeting the hcp gene in each cluster, and a double-deletion mutant targeting both genes were constructed and tested for growth rate, pathogenicity to rice, and inter-bacterial competition ability. The results indicated that hcp in T6SS-2, but not T6SS-1, was involved in bacterial virulence to rice plants. However, neither T6SS-1 nor T6SS-2 had any effect on the ability to compete with Escherichia coli or other bacterial cells. In conclusion, T6SS gene clusters in Xoo have been characterized, and its role in virulence to rice was confirmed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.293-302
• /
• 2002

The classical concept for iron uptake into mammalian cells has been the endocytosis of transferrin( $T_{f}$ )-bound F $e^{3+}$ via the $T_{f}$ - $T_{f}$ receptor cycle. In this case, we could not explain the uptake of F $e^{2＋}$ ion and the export of iron from endosome. Studies on iron transport revealed that other transport system exists in epithelial cells of the intestine. One of non- $T_{f}$ -receptor-mediated transport systems is Nramp2/DMT1/DCT1 which transports M $n^{＋＋}$, $Mg^{＋＋}$, Z $n^{＋＋}$, $Co^{＋＋}$, N $i^{＋＋}$ or C $u^{＋＋}$ ion as well as F $e^{+2}$ ion. DMT1 was cloned from intestines of iron-deficient rats and shown to be a hydrogen ion-coupled iron transporter and a protein regulated by absorbed dietary iron. DMT1 is founded in other cells such as cortical and hippocampal glial cells as well as endothelial cells in duodenum. Two F $e^{3+}$ ion bound to transferrin( $T_{f}$ ) are taken up via the $T_{f}$ - $T_{f}$ receptor cycle in the intestinal epithelial cell. F $e^{3+}$ in endosome was converted to F $e^{2＋}$ ion, and then exported to cytosol via DMT1. F $e^{2＋}$ ion is taken up into cytosol via DMT1. Several other transporters such as FET, FRE, CCC2, AFT1, SMF, FTR, ZER, ZIP, ZnT and CTR have been reported recently and dysfunction of the transporters are related with diseases containing Wilson's disease, Menkes disease and hemochromatosis. Evidences from several studies strongly suggest that DMT1 is the major transporter of iron in the intestine and functions critically in transport of other metal ions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2009

목적 : 신맥 혈위 자극이 뇌활성화 변화에 미치는 영향에 있어 자침 시술자간의 재현성을 fMRI 영상을 통해 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 건강한 성인 남자 15명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 15명의 피험자 중 7명은 각각 2회 방문하였으며, 두 시술자에 의해 침을 맞고 총 4개의 데이터를 얻었다. 나머지 8명은 1회 방문하여 두 시술자에게 침을 맞아 2개씩의 데이터를 얻어 총 44개의 fMRI 데이터를 얻었다. 실험자간의 차이를 줄이기 위해 자침의 깊이와 회전, 강도 등을 동일하게 하였으며, 우측 신맥혈에 자침하였다. 침에 의해 활성화되는 영역을 확인하기 위해 블록디자인을 사용하여 fMRI를 촬영하였다. 결과 : 다른 날에 실시한 같은 시술자내의 재현성은 24 %, 같은 날 실시한 다른 시술자간의 재현성은 64 % 로, 다른 시술자간의 재현성이 서로 다른 날 실시한 같은 시술자내의 재현성보다 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 침을 이용한 fMRI의 실험에서 시술자에 의한 차이 외에도 실험하는 날짜의 차이, 피험자 인체의 생리적인 변화 등에 의한 차이가 크다는 것을 본 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 그리고 자침의 깊이와 회전, 자극의강도 등을 동일하게 함으로써 다른 시술자간의 재현성을 높일 수 있다는 것을 확인했다. 추후 침실험에 있어서 여러 변수들에 의한 차이를 극복하고 재현성을 높일 수 있는 방법에 관한 더욱 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2022

To investigate effects of cognitive function improvement whether against Taegeuk ginseng on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. All experiments were conducted in three groups: the control group (CTR), the scopolamine 0.4mg/kg (SCP), and the scopolamine (SCP+T) treated with Taegeuk ginseng 100 mg/kg. Taegeuk ginseng 100 mg/kg daily was orally administered for one month and treated with scopolamine was only for 7 consecutive days on the Morris water maze task. 3 weeks after oral administration of Taegeuk ginseng, subjects were performed the Morris water maze test for 8 days and then the open-field exploration test which to assessed for cognitive function improvement. After behavioral testing, subjects were sacrificed and microdissected brains for neurochemical analysis. In the cognitive-behavioral test, long-term administration of Taegeuk ginseng improved spatial navigation learning task compared with the impeded by scopolamine treatment. In neurochemistry, the expression of the synaptic marker PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) was increased in the hippocampus compared to the scopolamine group. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was significantly increased in the taegeuk ginseng administration group. These data suggested that long-term administration of taegeuk ginseng might improve cognitive-behavioral functions on hippocampal related spatial learning memory, and it was correlated with neurotropic and synaptic reinforcement. In conclusion, treatment with taegeuk ginseng may positive outcome on learning and memory deficit disorders.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2023

보안 취약점 수가 해마다 증가함에 따라 보안 위협이 지속해서 발생하고 있으며 취약점 위험도의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 보안 취약점 위험도 판단을 위해 동향을 반영한 보안 위협 스코어링 산출식을 고안하였다. 세 단계에 따라 공격 유형과 공급업체, 취약점 동향, 최근 공격 방식과 기법 등의 핵심 항목 요소를 고려하였다. 첫째로는 공격 유형, 공급업체와 CVE 데이터의 관련성 확인 결과를 반영한다. 둘째로는 LDA 알고리즘으로 확인된 토픽 그룹과 CVE 데이터 간 유사성 확인을 위해 자카드 유사도 기법을 사용한다. 셋째로는 최신 버전 MITRE ATT&CK 프레임워크의 공격 방법, 기술 항목 동향과 CVE 간의 관련성 확인 결과를 반영한다. 최종 보안 취약점 위협 산출식 CTRS의 활용성 검토를 위해 공신력 높은 취약점 정보 제공 해외 사이트 내 데이터에 제안한 스코어링 방식을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 산출식을 통하여 취약점과 관련된 일부 설명만으로도 관련성과 위험도가 높은 취약점을 확인하여 신속하게 관련 정보를 인지하고 대응할 수 있다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.229-229
• /
• 2022

Rapeseed is a crop that is waterlogging sensitive, and it is necessary to breed waterlogging tolerance varieties. Our study presents the comparative transcriptome changes in two rapeseed lines, i.e., waterlogging-tolerant (tJ8634-B-30,) and - sensitive ('EMS26') lines under control and waterlogging stress treatments at the flowering stage. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed 13,279 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for 'J8634-B-30' and 8,682 DEGs for 'EMS26' under waterlogging stress condition compared to control. Among DEGs of 'J8634-B-30', 6,818 were up-regulated and 6,461 were down-regulated. On the other hand, among the DEGs of 'EMS26', the number of down-regulated genes (5,240) were higher than that of up-regulated genes (3,442). Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that DEGs related to glucan metabolic, cell wall, and oxidoreductase activity were significantly changed in 'J8634-B-30'. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based analysis in 'J8634-B-30' identified up-regulated DEGs being involved in MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, the DEGs belonging to mechanisms responding to waterlogging stress, i.e., plant hormones, carbon metabolism, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Nitric oxide (NO) etc. were compared in rapeseed lines. Several DEGs including ethylene-responsive transcription factor (ERF), constitutive triple response (CTR) (in ethylene signaling pathway), monodehydroascorbate Reductase (MDAR), NADPH oxidase (in ROS pathway), cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein (COX) (in NO pathway) up-regulated in 'J8634-B-30'. These outcomes provided the valuable information for further exploring the genetic mechanism of waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제29권9호
• /
• pp.951-958
• /
• 1996

경북대학교병원 흉부외과에서 1991년 11월부터 1993년 12월 사이에 원발성 폐질환이 없이 승모판질환으로 승모판치환술을 받은 남자 2례, 여자 10례의 환자에서 술전 및 술후 평균 9개월에 폐기능검사를 실시하였다. 승모판질환의 종류는 승모판협착이 9례, 승모판폐쇄부전이 3례였다. 술전 환자들의 NYHA 기능등급은 3등급이 11례, 4등급이 1례였는데, 술후 평균 9개월이 경과한 시점에서는 10례(83%)에서 1등급으로 호전되어 있었다. 단순흉부 X·선상의 심흉비는 술전의 평균 60.2%에서 술후에는 평균 56.3%로 유의하게 감소되었다. 전체 환자에서의 폐기능검사성적은, 술전 검사에서는 폐활량과 노력성 호기중 간유량이 경도의 감소소견을 보였고, 술후 검사에서는 노력성 호기중간유량과 최대자발성 호흡량이 경도의 감소소견을 보였다. 그러나 술전후의 폐기능검사성적을 비교하였을 때에는 어느 검사항목도 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편 술후의 NYHA 기능등급에 의해 환자들을 두 군으로 구분하였을 때, 2등 급군에서는 술후에 유의하게 변화된 폐기능검사항목이 하나도 없었는 반면에, 1등급군에서는 6가지 검사항목에서 유의한 변화가 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.519-525
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Of various effects of relaxin, we assumed that anti-fibrotic effects, neovascularization effects and vasodilatation effects of relaxin might enhance the survival rate of skin flap. In the current study, we used adenovirus expressing relaxin genes to examine whether these genes could enhance the survival rate of a skin flap. Methods: A total of 30 Sprangue-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: RLX group (10; relaxin virus injected group), CTR group (10; no gene coded virus injection group), and PBS group (10; PBS injected group). Each group was intradermally injected with the virus ($10^7$ PFU) and PBS 48 hours before and immediately before the flap elevation. A distally based flap $3{\times}9\;cm$ in size was elevated on the dorsal aspect of each rat. Following this, a flap was placed in the original location and then sutured using a #4-0 Nylon. A surviving area of the flap was measured and then compared on postoperative days 3, 7 and 10. Using a laser Doppler, the amount of blood flow was measured. On postoperative day 10, tissues were harvested for histologic examination and the number of blood vessels was counted. Results: There was a significant increase in the area of the flap survival in the RLX group on postoperative days 3 and 7. The Doppler measurement also showed significantly increased blood flow immediately after the operation and on postoperative days 7 and 10. The number of blood vessels was significantly greater in the RLX group in the tissue harvested on postoperative day 10. The VEGF concentration was significantly higher in the RLX group than others in the tissues harvested on postoperative day 10. Conclusion: Following an analysis of the effects of relaxin-secreting adenovirus on the survival of a flap, the surviving area of the flap and the blood flow also increased. A histopathology also showed an increase in the number of blood vessels and the concentration of VEGF.