• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1035-1048
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gardenia jasminoides extract (GJ) on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro. Methods: To investigate the effect of GJ on osteoclast differentiation, the mouse leukemic myeloid cell line RAW 264.7 was stimulated by RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand). Osteoclast differentiation was measured by counting TRAP (+) MNC in the presence of RANKL. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of GJ on osteoclast differentiation, gene expression of TRAP, Cathepsin K, MMP-9, NFATc1, c-Fos, MITF, DC-STAMP, CTR, OC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2 was measured using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Bone resorption was measured using the bone pit formation assay. Results: GJ decreased the number of TRAP (+) MNCs in the presence of RANKL. GJ inhibited the expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9, TRAP, MITF, NFATc1, c-Fos, iNON, OC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2, and DC-STAMP in the osteoclast, and inhibited bone pit formation in vitro. Conclusions: The results suggest that GJ has inhibitory effects on bone resorption resulting from inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and gene expression.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.897-908
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a security framework for a cluster drones network using the MAVLink (Micro Air Vehicle Link) application protocol based on FANET (Flying Ad-hoc Network), which is composed of ad-hoc networks with multiple drones for IoT services such as remote sensing or disaster monitoring. Here, the drones belonging to the cluster construct a FANET network acting as WTRP (Wireless Token Ring Protocol) MAC protocol. Under this network environment, we propose an efficient algorithm applying the Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (LEA) to the CTR (Counter) operation mode of WPA2 (WiFi Protected Access 2) to encrypt the transmitted data through the MAVLink application. And we study how to apply LEA based on CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) operation mode used in WPA2 for message security tag generation. In addition, a modified Diffie-Hellman key exchange method is approached to generate a new key used for encryption and security tag generation. The proposed method and similar methods are compared and analyzed in terms of efficiency.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07e
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• pp.55-57
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• 2004

$HgGa_{2}S_{4}Co^{2+}$ single crystal were grown by the chemical transport reaction(CTR) method. In the optical absorption spectrum of the $HgGa_{2}S_{4}Co^{2+}$ single crystal measured at 298K, three groups of impurity optical absorption peaks consisting of three peaks, respectively, were observed at 673nm, 734nm, and 760nm, 1621nm, 1654nm, and 1734nm, and 2544nm, 2650nm, and 2678nm. At 10K, the three peaks(673nm, 734nm, and 760nm) of the first group were split to be twelve peaks. These impurity optical absorption peaks are assigned to be due to the electronic transitions between the split energy levels of $Co^{2+}$ sited in the $S_4$ symmetry point.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.472-475
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• 2008

Generally, a linear vibration theory regards a vibratory system as the superposition of many degrees of vibratory system. Modal analysis stems, in fact, considers the vibration system as what has input, output, and transfer function that relates the input and output. When we want to control, however, the vibratory system, we define, first, the object function that can be vibration energy of certain vibratory system. Then, we try to find the transfer function that can minimize the object function. We can readily extend this approach to control the distributed vibration system. For example, the vibrations of a vehicle, including ships and trains. In this case, we may want to minimize the vibration of the area we select. For example, minimize the vibration of the passengers' seat, but allowing the vibration of other area; for example engines and wheels. This paper introduces a general theory that can control the vibration of the selected area, which can be called as "regional control of vibration." In fact, this is the extended theory of well known sound control of "bright zone"(Choi and Kim, 2002).]. Several illustrative examples demonstrate the applicability and properties that are not available if we use modal analysis method.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2018

Digital input and output modules are widely used to connect digital sensors and actuators to automation systems. Digital I/O modules provide flexible connectivity extension to numerous sensors and actuators and protect systems from high voltages and currents by isolation. Components in digital I/O modules are inevitably affected by operating and environmental conditions, such as high voltage, high current, high temperature, and temperature cycling. Because digital I/O modules transfer signals or isolate the systems from unexpected voltage and current transients, their failures may result in signal transmission failures and damages to sensitive circuitry leading to system malfunction and system shutdown. In this study, the lifetime of optocouplers, one of the critical components in digital I/O modules, was predicted using Bayesian tracking approaches. Accelerated degradation tests were conducted for collecting the critical performance parameter of optocouplers, current transfer ratio (CTR), during their lifetime. Bayesian tracking approaches, including extended Kalman filter and particle filter, were applied to predict the failure. The performance of each prognostic algorithm was then compared using accuracy and robustness-based performance metrics.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Fire Control System(FCS) errors can be classified as hardware errors and software errors, and one of the software errors is from target tracking filter which estimates target's location, velocity, acceleration, and so on. It affects function of ballistic calculation equipment significantly. For gun to form predicted hitting point accurately and enhance hitting rate, we need status information of target's future location. Target tracking filter algorithms consist of Single Singer Model, Fixed Gain filter algorithm, IMM, PBIMM and so on. This paper will design IMM tracking filer, which is going to be! applied to domestic warship. Target tracking filter using CV model, Song model and CRT model for IMM tracking filter is made, and tracking ability is analyzed through Monte-Carlo simulation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 1998

Metal ion-induced and it’s regulatory genes were screened in virulent salmonella typhimurium UK1 and tested cross-regulation with various stresses. Using the techniqud of P22-MudJ(Km, lacZ)-directed lacZ operon fusion, LF40 cuiA::MudJ and Lf153 cuiD::MudJ which were induced by copper were selected. cuia and cuiD were determined anaerobic coper inducible and copper tolerance response gene, respectively. Also cuiA and cuiD locus were determined at 81 and 8min, respectively, on salmonella Genetic Map. The two regulators were identified as cuaR, and cudR, which controls cuiA and cuiD, respectively. cuaR, and cudR appeared as negative regulators because the expression of cuiA-lac-Z and cuiD-lacZ were increased. Copper adapted UK1 showed high resistance to H$_{2}$O$_{2}$, but cuiD did not. The product of the cudR locus was responsible for decreasing the tolerance to copper and H$_{2}$O$_{2}$. Furthemore cuiA and cuiD locus were found to be part of a regulon under the control of a trans-acting regulators, rpoS, oxyR and relA. Therefore, the results suggest CTR participate with oxidative stress on Salmonella.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

In this paper author describe the undoped and $Co^{2+}$ (0.5mole%)doped $Cd_4GeS_6$ single crystals were grown by the chemical transporting reaction(CTR) method using high purity(6N) Cd, $GeS_2$, S elements. It was found from the analysis of X-ray diffraction that the undoped and $Co^{2+}$(0.5mole%) doped $Cd_{4}GeS_{6}$ compounds have a monoclinic structure in space grop Cc. The optical energy band gap was direct band gap and temperature dependence of optical energy gap was fitted well to Varshni equation. Impurity optical absorption peaks due to the doped cobalt in the $Cd_4GeS_6:Co^{2+}$ single crystal were observed at 3593cm-1, 5048cm-1, 5901cm-1, 7322cm-1, 12834cm-1, 13250cm-1, 14250cm-1，and 14975cm-1 at 11.3K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05c
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• pp.3-7
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• 2004

$HgGa_2S_4:CO^{2+}$ single crystal were grown by the chemical transport reaction(CTR) method. 1n the optical absorption spectrum of the $HgGa_2S_4:CO^{2+}$ single crystal measured at 298K, three groups of impurity optical absorption peaks consisting of three peaks, respectively, were observed at 673nm, 734nm, and 760nm, 1621nm, 1654nm, and 1734nm, and 2544nm, 2650nm, and 2678nm. At 10K, the three peaks(673nm, 734nm, and 760nm) of the first group were split to be twelve peaks. These impurity optical absorption peaks are assigned to be due to the electronic transitions between the split energy levels of $Co^{2+}$ sited in the $S_4$ symmetry point.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.579-583
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• 2003

HgGa$_2$S$_4$: Co$^{2＋}$ single crystal were grown by the chemical transport reaction(CTR) method. In the optical absorption spectrum of the HgGa$_2$S$_4$: Co$^{2＋}$ single crystal measured at 298K, three groups of impurity optical absorption peaks consisting of three peaks, respectively, were observed at 673nm, 734nm, and 760nm, 1621nm, 1654nm, and 1734nm, and 2544nm, 2650nm, and 2678nm. At 10K, the three peaks(673nm, 734nm, and 760nm) of the first group were split to be twelve peaks. These impurity optical absolution peaks are assigned to be due to the electronic transitions between the split energy levels of Co$^{2＋}$ sited in the S$_4$ symmetry point.