• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1196-1200
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• 2007

Eight feeds (mixture of wheat straw and oil seed cakes in 3:1 ratio) were evaluated for methane emission and fermentation pattern with buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum in an in vitro gas production test. The cakes tested were groundnut cake (GNC), soybean cake (SBC), mustard seed cake (MSC), cotton seed cake (CSC), karanj seed cake expeller extracted (KCEE), karanj seed cake solvent extracted (KCSE), caster bean cake expeller extracted (CBCEE) and caster bean cake solvent extracted (CBCSE). The gas production (ml/g dry matter) was significantly higher with SBC and MSC followed by CSC, GNC, KCSE, KCEE, CBCSE and was the lowest with CBCEE. Methane emission was significantly lower with KCEE, KCSE, CBCEE, CBCSE (20.32- 22.43 ml/g DM) than that with SBC, GNC, CSC (27.34-31.14 ml/g DM). Mustard seed cake was in-between the two groups of oil cakes in methane production. In vitro true digestibility was highest with SBC followed by GNC, CSC, MSC, KCSE, KCEE, CBCSE and CECEE. Ammonia nitrogen level was positively correlated with the amount of protein present in the cake. Total holotrich protozoa were significantly higher with SBC, whereas, large spirotrich protozoa tended to be lower than with other cakes. The counts of small spirotrich and total protozoa were similar with all the cakes. Total volatile fatty acid production and acetate to propionate ratio were significantly higher with SBC and significantly lower with KCEE as compared to the other cakes. Among the conventional oil cakes tested in the present experiment (GNC, SBC, MSC and CSC), mustard seed cake-based feed produced the minimum methane without affecting other fermentation characteristics adversely.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.622-627
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• 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells are thought to play critical roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor recurrence. For the diagnosis and targeted therapy of CSCs, the molecular identity of biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CSCs needs to be clarified. In this study, we identified CD166 as a novel marker expressed in the sphere-forming CSC population of A2780 epithelial ovarian cancer cells and primary ovarian cancer cells. The CD166+ cells isolated from A2780 cells and primary ovarian cancer cells highly expressed CSC markers, including ALDH1a1, OCT4, and SOX2, and ABC transporters, which are implicated in the drug resistance of CSCs. The CD166+ cells exhibited enhanced CSC-like properties, such as increased sphere-forming ability, cell migration and adhesion abilities, resistance to conventional anticancer drugs, and high tumorigenic potential in a xenograft mouse model. Knockdown of CD166 expression in the sphere-forming ovarian CSCs abrogated their CSC-like properties. Moreover, silencing of CD166 expression in the sphere-forming CSCs suppressed the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, and SRC. These results suggest that CD166 plays a key role in the regulation of CSC-like properties and focal adhesion kinase signaling in ovarian cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.281-286
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• 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major health burden, and though various treatments through much research are available, difficulties in early diagnosis and drug resistance to chemotherapy-based treatments render several ineffective. Cancer stem cell model has been used to explain formation of heterogeneous cell population within tumor mass, which is one of the underlying causes of high recurrence rate and acquired chemoresistance, highlighting the importance of CSC identification and understanding the molecular mechanisms of CSC drivers. Extracellular CSC-markers such as CD133, CD90 and EpCAM have been used successfully in CSC isolation, but studies have indicated that increasingly complex combinations are required for accurate identification. Pseudogene-derived long non-coding RNAs are useful candidates as intracellular CSC markers - factors that regulate pluripotency and self-renewal - given their cancer-specific expression and versatile regulation across several levels. Here, we present the use of microarray data to identify stemness-associated factors in liver cancer, and selection of sole pseudogene-derived lncRNA ZNF204P for experimental validation. ZNF204P knockdown impairs cell proliferation and migration/invasion. As the cytosolic ZNF204P shares miRNA binding sites with OCT4 and SOX2, well-known drivers of pluripotency and self-renewal, we propose that ZNF204P promotes tumorigenesis through the miRNA-145-5p/OCT4, SOX2 axis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.181-189
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• 2024

Background: Cigarette smoke is generally accepted as a major contributor to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by emphysematous lesions. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema. Methods: Mice were instilled with 50 mg/kg of CSC intranasally once a week for 4 weeks, KRG was administered to the mice once daily for 4 weeks at doses of 100 or 300 mg/kg, and dexamethasone (DEX, positive control) was administered to the mice once daily for 2 weeks at 3 mg/kg. Results: KRG markedly decreased the macrophage population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and reduced emphysematous lesions in the lung tissues. KRG suppressed CSC-induced apoptosis as revealed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling staining and Caspase 3 immunohistochemistry. Additionally, KRG effectively inhibited CSC-mediated activation of Bcl-2-associated X protein/Caspase 3 signaling, followed by the induction of cell survival signaling, including vascular endothelial growth factor/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B in vivo and in vitro. The DEX group also showed similar improved results in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Taken together, KRG effectively inhibits macrophage-mediated emphysema induced by CSC exposure, possibly via the suppression of pro-apoptotic signaling, which results in cell survival pathway activation. These findings suggest that KRG has therapeutic potential for the prevention of emphysema in COPD patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.514-516
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• 2008

The cancer stem cell hypothesis posits that tumor growth is driven by a rare subpopulation of cells, designated cancer stem cells (CSC). Studies supporting this theory are based in large part on xenotransplantation experiments wherein human cancer cells are grown in immunocompromised mice and only CSC, often constituting less than 1% of the malignancy, generate tumors. Herein, we show that all colonies derived from randomly chosen single cells in mouse lung and breast cancer cell lines form tumors following allografting histocompatible mice. Our study suggests that the majority of malignant cells rather than CSC can sustain tumors and that the cancer stem cell theory must be reevaluated.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.491-493
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• 2008

This paper presents results of comparing CSC HVDC with VSC HVDC on the stability in case of connecting Haenam to Jeju electrical power system, the steady-state stability in the case of Jeju electrical power system with CSC HYDC or VSC HVDC, is validated through PV curve, QV curve of Jeju electrical power system. And in the case of CSC HVDC, it is considered that synchronous condenser is connected or not. The results are compared each other. PSS/E simulation tool is used for the steady-state stability analysis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5947-5954
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• 2012

The cancer stem cell (CSC) model states that cancers are organized in cellular hierarchies, which explains the functional heterogeneity often seen in tumors. Like normal tissue stem cells, CSCs are capable of self-renewal, either by symmetric or asymmetric cell division, and have the exclusive ability to reproduce malignant tumors indefinitely. Current systemic cancer therapies frequently fail to eliminate advanced tumors, which may be due to their inability to effectively target CSC populations. It has been shown that embryonic pathways such as Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch control self-renewal and cell fate decisions of stem cells and progenitor cells. These are evolutionary conserved pathways, involved in CSC maintenance. Targeting these pathways may be effective in eradicating CSCs and preventing chemotherapy or radiotherapy resistance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

Statistical process control is used widely as an effective tool to solve the quality problems in practice fields. All the control charts used in statistical process control are parametric methods, suppose that the process distributes normal and observations are independent. But these assumptions, practically, are often violated if the test of normality of the observations is rejected and/or the serial correlation is existed within observed data. Thus, in this study, to screening process, the Combined Shewhart - CUSUM quality control chart is described and evaluated that used bootstrap method. In this scheme the CUSUM chart will quickly detect small shifts form the goal while the addition of Shewhart limits increases the speed of detecting large shifts. Therefor, the CSC control chart is detected both small and large shifts in process, and the simulation results for its performance are exhibited. The bootstrap CSC control chart proposed in this paper is superior to the standard method for both normal and skewed distribution, and brings in terms of ARL to the same result.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.378-380
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• 1996

This paper presents the novel control and analysis of GTO-CSC. The control method is based on the linearization of an optimal modulation strategy so that the turn-on-periods of the GTO switches can be computed in real-time for any specified modulation index. These PWM patterns allow to produce minimal ac line current low order harmonics of ac line current and low switchings. Finally, the computer simulation results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.203-204
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• 2013

분산되어 있는 컴퓨팅 자원을 가상화시킨 이후 접근하여 사용하는 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 인터넷의 발전과 대규모의 데이터센터를 지니는 IT 기업의 등장으로 그 모습을 드러내게 되었다. 복잡도가 높은 다중 클라우드 환경에서 클라우드 브로커(CSB)는 클라우드 사용자(CSC)와 클라우드 제공자(CSP)를 중개하여 최적의 가상 머신(VM) 배치를 할 수 있도록 한다. CSB의 과제는 가장 좋은 성능을 보이며 동시에 가장 경제적인 VM들을 다른 CSP들로부터 제공받아 CSC가 사용할 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 초기 VM 배치를 위해 CSC에서 요구하는 자원의 양을 예측하는 기법들을 소개하고, 관련된 미래 기술의 발전 방향에 대해 논의하고자 한다.