• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 2023

A Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) of austenite stainless steel in dry cask storage system (DCSS) can occur with extending service time than originally designed. Cold spray coating (CSC) not only form a very dense microstructure that can protect from corrosive environments, but also can generate compressive stress on the surface. This characteristic of CSC process is very helpful to increase the resistance for CISCC. CSC with several powders, such as 304L, 316L and Ni can be optimized to form very dense coating layer. In addition, the impact energy generated as the CSC powder collides with the surface of base metal at a speed of Mach 2 or more can remove the residual tensile stress of welding area and serve the compress stress. CSC layers include no oxidation and no contamination with under 0.2% porosity, which is enough to protect from the penetration of corrosive chloride. Therefore, the CSC coating layer can be accompanied by a function that can be disconnected from the corrosive environment and an effect of improving the residual stress that causes CISCC, so the canister's CISCC resistance can be increased.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권7호
• /
• pp.547-553
• /
• 2014

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common brain malignancies and has a very poor prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) in GBM and the rare CSC subpopulation that is resistant to chemotherapy may be responsible for the treatment failure and unfavorable prognosis of GBM. A garlic-derived compound, Z-ajoene, has shown a range of biological activities, including anti-proliferative effects on several cancers. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that Z-ajoene specifically inhibits the growth of the GBM CSC population. CSC sphere-forming inhibition was achieved at a concentration that did not exhibit a cytotoxic effect in regular cell culture conditions. The specificity of this inhibitory effect on the CSC population was confirmed by detecting CSC cell surface marker CD133 expression and biochemical marker ALDH activity. In addition, stem cell-related mRNA profiling and real-time PCR revealed the differential expression of CSC-specific genes, including Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, upon treatment with Z-ajoene. A proteomic approach, i.e., reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) and Western blot analysis, showed decreased SMAD4, p-AKT, 14.3.3 and FOXO3A expression. The protein interaction map (http://string-db.org/) of the identified molecules suggested that the AKT, ERK/p38 and $TGF{\beta}$ signaling pathways are key mediators of Z-ajoene's action, which affects the transcriptional network that includes FOXO3A. These biological and bioinformatic analyses collectively demonstrate that Z-ajoene is a potential candidate for the treatment of GBM by specifically targeting GBM CSCs. We also show how this systemic approach strengthens the identification of new therapeutic agents that target CSCs.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.152-158
• /
• 2004

Among short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays, micronucleus assays are rapid, inexpensive, and less labor-intensive system. We have undertaken a comparative study of sensitivity of cigarette smoke condensate(CSC) by general micronucleus(MN) assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus(CBMN) assay. In this study, V79 Chinese hamster cells were employed to evaluate and compare the genotoxicity of CSC of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 2R4F by 2 kinds of in vitro MN assay methods. To determine the optimum concentration of cytochalasin B(CYB) to obtain the maximal number of binucleated cells for CBMN assay, triplicate cultures of growing cells were treated with CYB for 15 h. CYB treatments caused a concentration-dependent increase in cytotoxicity($1\~4{\mu}g/mL$) and proportion($0.25\~1\;{\mu}g/mL$) of binucleated cells. These data suggested that 1 ug/mL of CYB is as an optimum dose for CBMN assay in binucleated V79 cells. Short treatment(4 h) of CSC induced a micronucleated cells with a concentration-dependent response in the presence or absence of CYB, but CSC-induced MNs were weakened when S9 was present. Long treatments(19 h) of CSC also induced a significant increase MN formation with a concentration-dependent response. At a concentration of 75 ${mu}g/mL$, the MN cell frequencies of general MN assay and CBMN assay were $6.5\%\;and\;11.7\%$, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed a good correlation in CBMN assay between a concentration of CSC and MN cell frequency. All these data indicated that CBMN assay is more sensitive to the induction CSC-induced MN than general MN assay.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.273-279
• /
• 2015

딸기 육묘기에 발생하는 주요 병해충은 탄저병, 흰가루병, 시들음병, 점박이응애, 진딧물 등이 있다. 친환경과 약제 처리 방제력은 병해충이 발생할 때 처리하는 방제프로그램과 비교하여 적은 유기농업자재와 살균 살충제 사용량으로 병해충방제 효과를 높일 수 있다. 2012년과 2013년 딸기 육묘기에 설향 품종을 대상으로 병해충 방제를 위한 친환경 방제력(EFSC)과 약제 방제력(CSC)효과 시험을 실시하였다. EFSC는 육묘기간 동안 무처리 대비 병해충 발생이 감소되었다. 탄저병과 흰가루병 발생은 EFSC와 CSC처리에서 2012년과 2013년 시험동안 비슷한 이병율을 보였다. 점박이응애 발생은 2013년에 EFSC와 CSC처리간 비슷하였고 6월 중순에 높은 피해율을 보였다. 진딧물 발생은 EFSC에서 6월 초중순에 높은 발생율을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 EFSC처리는 친환경으로 딸기에 발생하는 병해충을 효과적으로 방제하는 데 CSC를 대체할 수 있을 정도로 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1993

말쥐치피 및 대구피로부터 콜라겐을 추출하여 그 물리화학적 특성을 비교 검토하였다. 아미노산 조성 중 glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, valine 및 phenylalanine은 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 대구피 콜라겐보다 함량이 높았으나, glycine, proline 및 serine은 오히려 낮았다. 필수아미노산 함량은 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 1,000잔기 중 265잔기로 대구피의 229잔기보다 높았다. 말쥐치 및 대구피 콜라겐의 용해도는 모두 pH 7.0에서 가장 낮았으며, pH 5.0 이하의 산성영역에서 용해도가 급격히 증가하였다. 점도는 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 대구피 콜라겐보다 높았으며, 각각 pH 4.0 및 pH 2.0에서 가장 높았으나, pH 7.0에서는 모두 가장 낮았다. 콜라겐의 변성온도는 말쥐치피 콜라겐이 $25^{\circ}C$로 대구피의 $17^{\circ}C$보다 높았다. 콜라겐 구성 아미노산의 측쇄 중 소수성 잔기의 노출 정도는 대구피 콜라겐이 $50^{\circ}C$, 말쥐치피 콜라겐은 $60^{\circ}C$까지 증가하였으나 그 이후에는 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 대구피 콜라겐이 말쥐치피 콜라겐에 비해 표면 소수성 노출 정도가 약간 높았다. 보수력은 pH 7.0에서 모두 가장 낮았으며, 대구피 콜라겐이 말쥐치 콜라겐에 비해 높았다. 유화성 및 유화안정성은 대구피 콜라겐이 말쥐치피 콜라겐보다 우수하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.39-55
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Inchinohryungsan has been used for treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture on hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Sprague Dawley(SD) rats of the control and experimental groups received intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg DEN, weekly for 12 weeks. Methods : Rats were divided into 5 groups. Normal group was not induced hepatocellular carcinoma and not treated. Control group was induced hepatocellular carcinoma and injected with Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture into the root of tail. Experimental groups were induced hepatocellular carcinoma. BL group was injected with Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture into the $BL_{18}$ and $LR_{14}$, BG group was injected into the $BL_{19}$ and $GB_{24}$ and CSC group was injected into the $CV_{12}$, $ST_{25}$ and $CV_4$. Thereafter, the changes of the body weight, the liver weight and the weight of liver/100g body weight, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte and the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, AFP and SOD were measured. And gross anatomy, light and electron microscopy were performed. Results : The significant results were as follows, 1. The activities of LDH were significantly decreased in CSC group compared with control group. 2. The activities of AFP were significantly decreased in the BL, BG, CSC groups compared with control group. 3. The activities of SOD were increased in the BL, BG, CSC groups compared with control group and CSC group was significantly increased than normal group. 4. According to the gross anatomical observation, the control and BL, BG, CSC groups showed multi-nodular hepatocellular carcinoma. But the size and numbers of the hepatocellular carcinoma in experimental groups were smaller than control group. 5. The numbers of hepatic p53 positive cells were decreased in the BL, BG groups compared with control group. 6. According to the light and electron microscopical observation, the BL, BG and CSC groups were mildly improved than control group in morphological and histopathological changes. Conclusions : These results suggested that Inchinohryungsan pharmacopuncture may have some effects on hepatocellular carcinoma induced by DEN in rats.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2018

The traditional silicon heterojunction solar cells consist of intrinsic amorphous silicon to prevent recombination of the silicon surface and doped amorphous silicon to transport the photo-generated electrons and holes to the electrode. Back contact solar cells with silicon heterojunction exhibit very high open-circuit voltages, but the complexity of the process due to form the emitter and base at the backside must be addressed. In order to solve this problem, the structure, manufacturing method, and new materials enabling the carrier selective contact (CSC) solar cell capable of achieving high efficiency without using a complicated structure have recently been actively developed. CSC solar cells minimize carrier recombination on metal contacts and effectively transfer charge. The CSC structure allows very low levels of recombination current (eg, Jo < 9fA/cm2), thereby achieves high open-circuit voltage and high efficiency. This paper summarizes the core technology of CSC solar cell, which has been spotlighted as the next generation technology, and is aiming to speed up the research and development in this field.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2018

A method is proposed to detect structural damages in the presence of damping using noisy data. This method uses Frequency Response Function (FRF) and Mode-Shapes as the input parameters for a system of Couple Sparse Coding (CSC) to study the healthy state of the structure. To obtain appropriate patterns of FRF for CSC training, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique is adopted to reduce the full-size FRF to overcome over-fitting and convergence problems in machine-learning training. To verify the proposed method, a numerical two-story frame structure is employed. A system of individual CSCs is trained with FRFs and mode-shapes, and then termed ensemble to detect the health condition of the structure. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is accurate in damage identification even in presence of up to 20% noisy data and 5% unconsidered damping ratio. Furthermore, it can be concluded that CSC ensemble is highly efficient to detect the location and the severity of damages in comparison to the individual CSC trained only with FRF data.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.483-494
• /
• 2018

In this research the effect of high strength concrete (HSC) on shear capability of the channel shear connectors (CSC) in the steel concrete composite floor system was estimated experimentally and analytically. The push-out test was carried out for assessing the accurateness of the proposed model (nonlinear and finite element model) for the test specimens. A parametric analysis was conducted for predicting the shear capacity of the connectors (CSC) in the HSC. Eight push-out specimens of different sizes with different strength levels were tested under the monotonic loading system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the National Building Code of Canada (NBC) of Canada for analysing the loading abilities of the CSC in the HSC. Using the experimental tests results and verifying the finite element results with them, it was then confirmed by the extended parametric studies that the Canadian Design Code was less efficient for predicting the capacity of the CSC in the HSC. Hence, an alternative equation was formulated for predicting the shear capacity of these connectors during the inclusion of HSC for designing the codes.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.170-176
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate whether Chrysanthermum zawadskii var. latilobum Kitamura (C. zawadskii) extracts has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity by cigarette smoke condensates (CSC). C. zawadskii was extracted with 70% ethanol and the yield was 18.5%. We further fractioned 70% ethanol extract sequentially to diethylether, chloroform, dichloromethane, and aqueous water, and gained the yield of 17.5%, 5.6%, 5.8%, 32.8% and 35.5%, respectively. In the Ames test, there was no mutagenic effect of crude extract and its solvent fractions up to 2 mg/plate toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 with or without S-9 mix metabolic activations. On the contrary, the crude extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSC in the presence of S-9 mix metabolic activation. Diethyl ether layer among five solvent fractions showed the highest inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity of diethyl ether fraction was also increased in a dose-dependent manner and the inhibitory rate was about 97.7% at the concentration of 1 mg/plate. In this study, we conclude that crude extract of C. zawadskii itself is potentially safe for mutagenicity, and the diethyl ether fraction has an inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of CSC.