• Title/Summary/Keyword: CR system

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SOLVABILITY OF OVERDETERMINED PDE SYSTEMS THAT ADMIT A COMPLETE PROLONGATION AND SOME LOCAL PROBLEMS IN CR GEOMETRY

  • Han, Chong-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.695-708
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    • 2003
  • We study the existence of solutions for overdetermined PDE systems that admit prolongation to a complete system. We reduce the problem to a Pfaffian system on a submanifold of the jet space of unknown functions and then express the integrability conditions in terms of the coefficients of the original system. As possible applications we present some local problems in CR geometry: determining the CR embeddibility into spheres and the existence of infinitesimal CR automorphisms.

The Properties of Alloyed Ohmic Contact to p-InP (p-InP의 저항성 합금 접촉 특성 연구)

  • 이중기;박경현;한정희;이용탁
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.555-562
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    • 1990
  • Alloyed ohmic contact properties of Au-Zn/Au, Au-Be/Au,Au-Zn/Cr/Au, and Au-Be/Cr/Au metal system to p-InP were investigated. Optimum alloying conditions were obtained at the annealing temperature of 425\ulcorner for all the metal systems using a rapid thermal annealing system. Surface AES analysis and auger depth profiling were done for each metal system annealed at the optimum conditions. Outdiffusions of In and P from the InP substrate were found in the metal systems without Cr intermediate layer. Also, small amount of In. P and Cr were detected at the surface in the case of Au-Zn/Cr/Au system, while there were occured no outdiffusion of In, P, and Cr for Au-Be/Cr/Au system. The best surface morpholoty and specific contact resistivity of 4.5x 10**-5 \ulcornercm\ulcornerhave been obtained in this Au-Be/Cr/Au material system alloyed at 425\ulcorner for 60 second.

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A manufacturing process and characteristic observation of alloy blocks for dental CAD/CAM system (치과 CAD/CAM 가공용 합금블럭 제조 및 특성 관찰)

  • Kim, Chi-young
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.125-131
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Automatic dental prosthesis manufacturing process was accelerated by the spread of dental CAD / CAM system. The CAD / CAM system with milling alloys were needed supplement. So, sintered alloy blocks were introduced. In this study, we want to study sintered alloy block. And to evaluate the alloy block manufacture and alloy properties. Methods: The alloy powders were prepared by high pressure water dispersion method. The sintered alloy blocks were prepared by low temperature pressing method. Their components observation were EDX, and the alloy structure was observed by XRD. Results: Co-Cr alloy powders were observed to have a circle shape with an average diameter of about $100{\mu}m$ and a Ni-Cr alloy powder had a circle shape with an average diameter of about $50{\mu}m$. The Co-Cr alloy block is composed of Co (34.62 wt%), Cr (17.33 wt%), Mo (2.98 wt%), Si (0.36 wt%) and C (44.17 wt%). The Ni-Cr alloy powder was composed of Ni (40.29 wt%), Cr (19.37 wt%), Mo (3.53 wt%), Si (0.52 wt%) and C (33.18 wt%). The peak of the Co and CoCr peaks were observed in the CoCr alloy body by the means of XRD study. Cr2Ni3 of the peak was observed in the Ni-Cr alloy material. Conclusion : As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Prepared by high-pressure water-law Co-Cr alloy powder has an average diameter $100{\mu}m$, Ni-Cr alloy powder was found to have the form of sphere having an average diameter $50{\mu}m$. 2. Co-Cr alloy and Ni-Cr alloy block produced by low-temperature processing showed a certain ratio. 3. In the XRD study, Co phase appeared in Co-Cr alloy block after sintering. and Cr2Ni3 phase appeared in Ni-Cr alloy block after sintering.

EQUIVALENCE PROBLEM AND COMPLETE SYSTEM OF FINITE ORDER

  • Han, Chong-Kyu
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.225-243
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    • 2000
  • We explain the notion of complete system and how it naturally arises from the equivalence problem of G-structures. Then we construct a complete system of 3rd order for the infinitesimal CR automorphisms of CR manifold of nondegenerate Levi form.

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A Comparative Study on Image Quality of Breast Image Tests using ACR Phantom (ACR 팬텀을 이용한 시스템별 유방검사 영상의 비교 연구)

  • Hong, Dong-Hee;Jung, Hong-Ryang;Lim, Cheong-Hwan
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.241-247
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    • 2006
  • Recently, interests and utilization on Computed Radiography(CR) and Digital Radiography(DR) tends to increase owing to an introduction of Picture Archiving and Communication System(PACS) and an accuracy control of special medical equipment for a breast imaging examination. This study was intended to compare and analyze a detector's imaging quality by each system to be used for the breast imaging examination by using ACR Phantom used at the accuracy control. As an evaluation method, a significance and reliability of image's value using the ACR Phantom was analyzed by using SPSS program. The results are followed. 1. For the fiber, there was 3.9 score in Screen-Film, 4.2 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 3.2 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 4.2 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of CR($50{\mu}m$), DR, Screen-Film, and CR($100{\mu}m$)(P<0.05). 2. For the calcification, there was 2.7 score in Screen-Film, 2.5 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 2.0 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 2.9 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of DR, Screen-Film, CR($50{\mu}m$), and CR($100{\mu}m$).(0.025(P<0.05). 3. For Mass, there was 3.8 score in Screen-Film, 3.8 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 3.6 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 4.5 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of DR, CR($50{\mu}m$), Screen-Film, and CR($100{\mu}m$) (P<0.1). 4. As the total score, there was 10.4 score in Screen-Film, 10.6 score in CR($50{\mu}m$), 8.7 score in CR($100{\mu}m$), and 11.3 score in DR. There was the high score in the order of DR, $CR(50{\mu}m$), Screen-Film, and $CR(100{\mu}m$). As shown in the above results, it can be known that DR and Screen-Film System has higher image quality than CR. But, DR has unstability caused by element, and Screen-Film has the low image quality caused by artifact as disadvantages. When Dual-Side CR($50{\mu}m$) was used among CR systems which had the problem of low image quality, it was indicated that there was no difference with Screen-Film System. Because the radiation imaging examination tends to become digitalized, each system for the breast imaging examination will need to be developed and supplemented.

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Structure and Thermal Properties of a Ternary Al-Cr-Si Quenching Ribbon Manufactured by Single Roll Method (단일 롤 방법으로 제작한 3원계 Al-Cr-Si 급냉리본의 구조 및 열 특성)

  • Han, Chang-Suk;Kim, Ki-Woong;Kim, Woo-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.296-300
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    • 2021
  • Al-Cr-Si ternary quench ribbons are fabricated using a single roll method and investigated for their structural and thermal properties. In particular, the sinterability is examined by pulse current sintering to obtain the following results. The Al74Cr20Si6 composition becomes a quasicrystalline single phase; by reducing the amount of Cr, it becomes a two-phase mixed structure of Al phase and quasicrystalline phase. As a result of sintering of Al74Cr20Si6, Al77Cr13Si10 and Al90Cr6Si4 compositions, the sintering density is increased with the large amount of Al phase; the sintering density is the highest in Al90Cr6Si4 composition. In addition, as a result of investigating the effects of sintering temperature and pressurization on the sintered density of Al90Cr6Si4, a sintered compact of 99% or more at 513 K and 500 MPa is produced. In particular, since the Al-Cr-Si ternary crystal is more thermally stable than the Al-Cr binary quaternary crystal, it is possible to increase the sintering temperature by about 100 K. Therefore, using an alloy of Al90Cr6Si4 composition, a sintered compact having a sintered density of 99 % or more at 613 K and 250 MPa can be manufactured. It is possible to increase the sintering temperature by using the alloy system as a ternary system. As a result, it is possible to produce a sintered body with higher density than that possible using the binary system, and at half the pressure compared with the conventional Al-Cr binary system.

Magnetic Properties of Co-Cr(-Ta)/Si Bilayered Thin Film (Co-Cr(-Ta)/Si 이층막의 자기적 특성)

  • 김용진;박원효;금민종;최형욱;김경환;손인환
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.281-286
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    • 2002
  • In odder to investigate the magnetic properties of CoCr-based bilayered thin films on kind of underlayer, we introduced amorphous Si layer to Co-Cr(-Ta) magnetic layer as underlayer. First, we prepared CoCr and CoCrTa single layer using the Facing Targets Sputtering system to investigate theirs properties. It was revealed that with increasing the film thickness of CoCr, CoCrTa single layer, crystalline orientation and perpendicular coercivity was improved. The CoCrTa thin film showed bettor crystalline and magnetic characteristics than CoCr thin film. As a result of investigating magnetic properties of CoCr and CoCrTa magnetic layer on introducing the Si underlayer, perpendicular coercivity and saturation magnetization of CoCr/Si and CoCrTa/Si bilayered thin film were decreased due to the increased grain size and diffusion of Si atoms to magnetic layer. And they showed constant with increasing the film thickness of Si thin film. However, in case of CoCrTa/Si bilayered thin film, in-plane coercivity was controlled low at about 250Oe. The c-axis orientations of CoCr/si and CoCrTa/Si bilayered thin film showed a good crystalline characteristics as about $2^{\circ}$.

WLAN CR Coexistence Beacon Protocol for Cognitive Radio-Based WLAN Network (무선인지 기술을 이용한 차세대 WLAN 네트워크에서의 WLAN CR 공존 비콘 프로토콜)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ju;Yoo, Sang-Jo
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.32 no.12B
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    • pp.790-799
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we propose WLAN CR coexistence beacon protocol for thenext WLAN network. This method can provide WLAN with high-speed data rate in new WLAN architecture and network platform based on cognitive radio technology. WLAN CR devices that enter the CR network can know UHF channels by listening CR beacon including the coexistence parameter set and start using CR channel fast. During handover of WLAN device in UHF spectrums, WLAN device that lost their channel can change available channel by obtaining the current CR channel information from the CR beacon. In advance relaying coexistence parameter set to entire CR system, WLAN CR system can prepare own candidate channel set that is different with other CR system. In CR beacon and relay delay, we show the results that WLAN CR coexistence beacon protocol supports spectrum handover efficiently and decreases the probability of collision in candidate channel set.

Study on Effective Sensing Algorithm for Distinction between DTV and CR Systems (DTV와 CR 시스템의 구별을 위한 효과적 알고리즘)

  • Lee, So-Young;Kim, Yoon-Hyun;Kim, Jin-Young
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2009
  • Cognitive radio (CR), which is proposed as a technology that utilizes the frequency resources effectively, has studied to relive scarcity of the frequency resources. Also, FCC revises the regulation to reuse the TV white spaces for applying CR system and allows to use the TV white spaces by CR devices and use of CR device may be regularized after conversion by DTV in 2009. If CR system's signal appeared in pilot's position, pilot sensing performs false alarm detection because pilot sensing scheme confuse DTV signal and CR system. In order to improve false alarm detection, we propose distinction scheme between DTV and CR system using PN511 sequence in this paper.

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Effects of Mo and Si on the Coercivity of CoCrTa/CrMo and CoCrTa/CrSi Thin Film Media (CoCrTa/CrX (X=Mo, Si) 자성박막의 보자력에 미치는 Mo와 Si의 영향)

  • 조준식;남인탁;홍양기
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.203-209
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    • 1999
  • Effects of Mo and Si addition in Cr underlayer on magnetic properties of CoCrTa/CrMo and CoCrTa/Si thin films media were investigated. Thin films were prepared with DC magnetron sputtering system. The thickness of CoCrTa magnetic layer and Cr underlayer were fixed at 300 $\AA$ and 700 $\AA$, respectively. The substrate heating temperature was kept constant at 26$0^{\circ}C$ for both magnetic layer and underlayer preparation. The coercivity increase of CoCrTa film was realized due to Mo addition in Cr underlayer. Si addition made a small decrease in coercivity. Coercivity increase seems to be attributed by the improvement of preferred orientation of Cr(200) plane. It is found that lattice fit between Cr(200) and CoCrTa(1120) of CrMo underlayer is better than that of CrSi underlayer. This small misfit may also contribute coercivity increase.

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