• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.591-598
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• 2020

Lactobacillus plantarum KU15149 was demonstrated to have probiotic behavior and functions, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. L. plantarum KU15149 obtained from homemade diced-radish kimchi has a high survival rate under artificial gastric acid (pH 2.5, 0.3% pepsin) and bile salt (0.3% oxgall) conditions. However, L. plantarum KU15149 did not produce β-glucuronidase, which is known to be a carcinogenic enzyme with resistance to several antibiotics, such as gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. L. plantarum KU15149 strongly adhered to HT-29 cells and had high antioxidant activity in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging and β-carotene bleaching assays. L. plantarum KU15149 also exhibited a pronounced inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, along with expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, when RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS. Therefore, L. plantarum KU15149 exhibited pharmaceutical functionality as a potential probiotic.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

Lactobacillus sakei S1 strongly inhibits the expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-induced peritoneal macrophages by a mechanism for which lactic acid bacteria from kimchi that inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were isolated. Therefore, we further evaluated the protective effect of this strain on the colitis mouse model induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TNBS significantly elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression, macroscopic scores, and colon shortening. Oral L. sakei S1 administration resulted in reduction of TNBS-induced loss in body weight, colon shortening, MPO activity, expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). L. sakei S1 inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, induced by TNBS, but enhanced IL-10 expression. L. sakei S1 showed resistance to artificial digestive juices and adherence to intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Thus, L. sakei S1 may inhibit the NF-κB pathway and be used in functional food to treat colitis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2009

Albizia julibrissin (AJ) has been used widely as a traditional medicine. In macrophages nitric oxide (NO) is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions including inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this study we have examined the NO inhibition effect of 85% methanol extracts of AJ in mouse macrophage. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported to induce production of NO. Extracts of AJ (1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$) suppressed nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated ($100{\mu}g/ml$) mouse (C57BL/6) macrophages and analyzed by ELISA. In addition, it also attenuated the expression of inflammatory products like Interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible NOS (iNOS) as assessed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. These results suggest that 85% methanol extracts of AJ would be useful in inflammatory diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2011

Recently, Korean ginseng, as immuno-activator, was actively investigated on its effect and mechanism. But purified fermented red ginseng (PFRG) has not been researched enough compared to red ginseng (RG, steamed and dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, family Araliaceae) and fermented red ginseng (FRG, fermented red ginseng by Lactobacillus brevis 13094). In this study, we examined RG, FRG and PFRG to compare their anti-inflammatory effect by LPS. According to the result, RAW 264.7 cells survival rates did not largely change by RG and FRG. Only PFRG expressed weak toxicity at 10 ug/ml. The expression of iNOS and production of Nitric Oxide (NO) decreased depending on the concentration of RG, FRG and PFRG. And the expression of COX-2 also decreased. We tried western blotting for detecting that the expression of iNOS, COX-2 was caused by NF-${\kappa}B$. The result supported that the inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ by RG, FRG and PFRG suppressed the expression of iNOS, COX-2 and affected the production of TNF-${\alpha}$. While the anti-inflammatory effect was confirmed from all three types of red ginseng (RG, FRG, PFRG), the effect of PFRG was superior to others. Further research is required on other effects of PFRG.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 현재까지 화장품 소재로써 다양한 연구가 진행되지 않은 현지초 추출물의 효능평가 및 항염 관련 활성 연구를 진행하였다. 현지초 추출물의 항산화능을 확인하기 위해 전자공여능 및 ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거능을 측정한 결과, 각각 50 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 91%, 94%를 나타내어 항산화능이 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 미백활성 측정을 위해 tyrosinase 저해활성 측정을 실시하였으며 최고 농도인 1,000 ㎍/ml에서 24.8%의 저해능이 나타났다. 현지초 추출물의 주름개선 활성을 알아보기 위해 elastase 및 collagenase 저해활성 측정을 실시하였으며 그 결과, 각각 최고 농도인 1,000 ㎍/ml에서 30.6%, 90%의 저해능이 나타났고 collagenase 저해활성에서 우수한 저해능을 확인할 수 있었다. 세포 실험 진행을 위해 현지초 추출물 처리에 따른 대식세포 Raw 264.7의 생존율을 MTT assay에 의거하여 진행하였으며 100 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 83.6% 이상의 세포 생존율을 나타내어 이하의 세포 관련 실험 진행은 100 ㎍/ml 이하의 농도의 현지초 추출물을 가하여 실험을 실시하였다. NO assay에 의하여 현지초 추출물 처리에 따른 NO 생성 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, 100 ㎍/ml의 농도에서 74.9%의 저해율을 확인하였다. 단백질 발현 억제능을 알아보기 위해 western blot을 진행하였으며 현지초 추출물은 COX-2 및 iNOS 두 인자 모두 농도의존적으로 단백질 발현량이 저해됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들에 의해 현지초 추출물은 항염 관련 기능성 화장품 소재로써 활용 가능성이 있다고 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.993-999
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 참콩풍뎅이(Popillia flavosellata) 에탄올 추출물(PFE)의 항염증 효능을 분석하기 위해 PFE를 농도별(500, 1,000, 2,000 μg/ml)로 대식세포인 RAW 264.7에 처리 시 최고 처리농도인 2,000 μg/ml까지 통계적인 유의성 있는 독성이 없음을 확인하였다. LPS (100 ng/ml)로 염증 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에 PFE를 농도별(500, 1,000, 2,000 μg/ml)로 동시 처리 시 농도 의존적으로 염증성사이토카인인 TNF-α와 IL-6의 단백질 생성을 통계적인 유의성(p<0.001)있게 억제함을 확인하였다. 또한 염증 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포에 PFE 동시 처리 시 NF-κB p65의 핵으로 이동이 차단됨과 iNOS와 COX-2의 단백질 발현을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 참콩 풍뎅이는 염증에 의해 활성화된 TLR-4 신호전달과정을 조절하는 NF-κB p65의 활성과 염증성사이토카인 TNF-α와 IL-6의 생성 및 염증성효소 iNOS와 COX-2의 생성을 억제하는 항염증 효능이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 2012

왕쥐똥나무잎(Ligustrum ovalifolium H.) 추출물의 세포독성을 살펴보기 위하여 RAW264.7 대식세포를 이용하여 세포의 생존율을 살펴본 결과 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물 모두 0.2 mg/mL의 농도까지 전혀 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물의 항염증 효과를 LPS에 의해 활성화된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서의 NO 생성억제 및 ROS 소거능과 염증관련 단백질 발현의 변화를 통하여 확인하였다. RAW264.7 대식세포에 LPS를 처리한 결과 NO의 함량이 11 ${\mu}M$ 수준으로 증가하였으나, 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물(0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/mL)을 처리하였을 때 NO의 함량이 7.03, 6.74, 6.64 ${\mu}M$로 농도 의존적으로 감소하였다. 왕쥐똥 나무잎 추출물이 LPS를 처리하여 생성되는 활성산소종에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, LPS를 처리한 대조군은 ROS가 36.55%로 증가하였으나, 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물(0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mg/mL)을 처리한 군은 세포내 활성산소종을 농도 의존적(23.86, 8.55, 5.48%)으로 감소시켰다. 또한 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물은 NO 생성과 연관 있는 iNOS 단백질의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 저해하였으며 이는 NO 생성 억제가 iNOS의 발현저해를 경유한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 다수의 항염증 약물들의 작용기전이 되는 COX-2의 생성억제를 살펴본 결과 왕쥐똥나무잎 에탄올 추출물은 LPS에 의해 발현되는 COX-2 단백질의 발현을 유의성 있게 억제하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물이 LPS로 유도된 RAW264.7 대식세포내 활성산소종(ROS)과 산화질소 라디칼(NO)을 억제함으로써 염증을 억제하는 것으로 보이며, 이는 선행연구에서 나타난 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물의 높은 라디칼 소거능 및 항산화능과 관련이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 염증과 관련된 iNOS, COX-2 발현을 저해함으로써 왕쥐똥나무잎 추출물이 염증억제 효과를 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 연구는 항염증 물질의 연구에 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 또한 염증과 관련된 cytokine 및 단백질 발현 메커니즘에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2008

Objectives : The acupuncture has been in the classic arsenal of Oriental medicine over inflammatory diseases. Its physiological mechanism is not fully understood but being known better everyday. We reviewed several papers to describe current concepts over anti-inflammatory mechanism of acupuncture. Methods : Some computerized literature searches were done using the key words of 'acupuncture' AND 'Anti-inflammatory' in Medline via Pubmed between March 2007 and December 2007. Only rationally-designed studies were picked among practically associated materials. A well-known hypothesis on acupunctural physiology was adapted for integration. Result : 18 studies were selected. 17 studies were laboratory experiment and 1 was a clinical study. Data was classified into some comprehensive categories. Author's opinion was added at the end of each category. Study results supported the hypotheses on acupunctural physiology; Acupuncture has some influences on autonomic nerve system(ANS). And it stimulates several receptors from target cells like macrophage, and finally inhbits cytokines like TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ andIL-10 which are inflammation-mediated. Acupuncture increases the opioid releasing therefore relieves inflammation. And acupuncture inhibits cyclooxgenase(COX) but its mechanism is controversial until now. Conclusion : Current concepts over anti-inflammatory mechanism of acupuncture are as follows. Acupucture suppresses inflammation by stimulation of ANS, increasing of opioid releasing and inhibition of COX. But more studies are needed to fully describe the anti-inflammatory effect of acupuncture.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Vitex rotundifolia (V. rotundifolia) has been used for treating headache, dizziness, toothache and removal of fever as a traditional medicine in Korea. In the present study, we examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 85% methanol extract of V. rotundifolia. In various radical scavenging assays, V. rotundifolia exhibited strong scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, superoxide radical, nitric oxide. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory properties of V. rotundifolia, we investigated the inhibition effects of nitric oxide production in IFN-gamma and LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. V. rotundifolia suppressed nitric oxide production, iNOS and COX-2 expression dose-dependently through suppression of NF-$\hat{e}B$ activation without notable cytotoxicity. These findings mean that V. rotundifolia may be beneficial in oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory disorders.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2017

To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of natural products, we determined the anti-inflammatory activity of purified epigallocatechin (EGC) from Camellia sinensis leaves. In the present study, we found that EGC inhibited the production of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, and $PGE_2$) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Suppression of IL-6 seems to be at least partly attributable to the inhibitory effect of EGC. TNF-${\alpha}$ is a major cytokine produced by LPS-induced macrophages, and they have a wide variety of biological functions including regulation of inflammation. The inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production by EGC may downregulate the acute-phase response to LPS, thereby reducing LPS-induced inflammation. In addition to IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$, EGC effectively reduced the production of other key inflammatory mediators, including NO and $PGE_2$. The inhibitory effect of EGC on NO and $PGE_2$ production was supported by the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 at protein levels. These results support the traditional use of EGC in the alleviation of various inflammation-associated diseases and suggest that EGC might be useful in the development of new functional foods for inflammatory diseases.