• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1130-1136
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• 2017

Traditionally, the larvae of Allomyrina dichotoma (AD), a species of the rhinoceros beetle, have been widely used for their antidiabetic, antihepatofibrotic, antineoplastic, and antiobesity effects. The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization has reported on the possibility of using edible insects in human dietary supplements in the future. However, despite the growing interest in insect-based bio-active products, the biological activities of these products have rarely been studied. Previously, we reported that AD larvae inhibit the in vitro differentiation of adipocytes via transcription factor downregulation. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the effects of a hot-water extract of AD larvae on allergy and inflammation. To investigate the inhibitory effect of the extract on allergic reactions, we measured the levels of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) after activation of RBL-2H3 cells using Compound 48/80. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the extract on inflammation was determined using Raw 264.7 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The extract significantly inhibited the ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, and COX-2 levels in RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, it effectively inhibited the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, nitric oxide, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. These results suggest that AD larval extract can be potentially developed as an antiallergic and anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 2013

It has been reported that Scolopendra morsitans L.(SML) has beneficial effects on human health and diverse diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ether extract from Scolopendra morsitans L. on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammatory response. Thus, we examined the inhibitory effect of SML ether fraction on LPS-induced increase of inflammatory mediators(NO, iNOS, COX-2, and $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$) and pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$) in RAW 264.7 cells. In the present study, SML ether extract itself decreased cell viability in a dose dependent manner(> 100 ${\mu}g/ml$). In addition, LPS increased NO production, iNOS expression and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}-B{\alpha}$, which were blocked by the treatment of SML ether fraction in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment of LPS increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production. However, the pretreatment of SML ether fraction prevented the LPS-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ production in dose dependant manner. Taken together, our results suggest that SML may be a beneficial drug against inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

Objectives : While inducing inflammatory response due to LPS it will investigate mechanism associated with anti-inflammatory effects from macrophages and provide basic data for the possible use as anti-inflammatory materials. Methods : We investigated cell viability, NO, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 by ELISA and expressions of iNOS, COX-2, MAPKs and $NF-{\kappa}B$ were measured in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. Results : The cell viability of Parthenocissus tricuspidata extracts(PTE) identified in macrophages showed that cell viability rate was more than 99% at the concentration of 8, 40, and $200{\mu}g/mL$. NO generated amounts revealed that it relied on concentration and was significantly reduced compared to the control. The expression of iNOS was restrained by the control at the concentration of 200 and $400{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the expression of COX-2 was found to be significantly reduced to the untreated control at the concentration of $400{\mu}g/mL$. $TNF-{\alpha}$ relied on concentration and showed a significant decreased compared to the control. In contrast, IL-6 relied on concentration, reduced compared to the control. Phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 mediated by LPS were restrained by relying on concentration. Phosphorylation and decomposition of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ as well as p65 nuclear transmission of $NF-{\kappa}B$ subunit were restrained. Conclusions : By restraining the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$, anti-inflammatory effects were revealed by reducing phosphorylative activation of MAPKs, restraining the expression of iNOS and COX-2 and restraining the creation of NO, IL-6, and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Therefore, it can be assumed that they can be used as a variety of anti-inflammatory materials.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.378-386
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• 2016

Anti-atherogenic effects in tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are involved in the suppression of oxidative stress, cell adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory factors. This study investigated the vascular inflammation inhibitory activity of traditional Doenjang plays a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis. The protective effects of Korean Deonjang was investigated on the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$-induced human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Deonjang extracts (20, 50, $100{\mu}g/mL$) decreased the expression of 20 ng/mL TNF-${\alpha}$-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 proteins, and their corresponding mRNA levels. Nitric oxides (NO) produced by endothlial nitric oxides synthase (eNOS) dilated blood vessels, which had protective effects against platelet and leukocyte adhesion. While TNF-${\alpha}$-induced suppressed the production of nitric oxide in HUVECs, Doenjang restored NO production in HUVECs. In addition, Deonjang reduced the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA levels. These results suggested that Doenjang can inhibited the production of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators, which could be a potential candidate for preventing atherosclerosis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2007

Objectives This experiment is about Jojoongikgi-tang(JIT) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells, and the effect of JIT on Nitric oxide(NO) production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells were also demonstrated. Methods To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of JIT, NO production, expression level of iNOS mRNA, PGE2 synthesis, expression COX-2 mRNA, cell viability, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA expression were examined. Results The expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) was decreased by JIT, and the production of Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and the expression of Cox-2 mRNA also were inhibited by JIT. Proinflammatory mediators, such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-12, were inhibited by JIT in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions JIT have anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells and could be used in inflammatory disease.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.326-331
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• 2008

To search for immunoactive natural products exerting anti-inflammatory activity, we have evaluated the effects on the water extracts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (APP) on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production by RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Our data indicate that this extract is a potent inhibitor of NO production and it also significantly decreased PGE2 and TNF-$\alpha$ production. Consistent with these results, the protein and mRNA expression level of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was inhibited by water extracts of APP in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that APP may exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects possibly by suppressing the inducible NO synthase and COX-2 expressions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-77
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate the suppression effects of Sopunghwalhyeol-tang(Shufenghuoxie-tang) on the monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate(0.5 mg) into the both knee joints of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken distilled water for 20 days. Treated group was taken extracts of Sopunghwalhyeol-tang(Shufenghuoxie-tang) by oraly for same duration. Normal group(n=8) was injected with normal saline and was taken distilled water for 20 days. Macroscopic examination and histopathological study on articular cartilage of knee joint were operated at 20 days after injection. Proteoglycan(PG) content of articular cartilages of knee joint was represented by safranine O staining, was measured at 20 days after injection. Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$, in synovial fluid were measured with enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA) kit at 20 days after injection. Immunohistochemical staining of cyclo-oxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in knee joints were observed at 20 days after injection. Results : 1. Lymphocytes in peripheral blood the treated group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. 2. PG content in articular cartilage of the treated group was significantly increased compared with the control group. 3. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic scores of the treated group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. 4. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in synovial fluid of the treated group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. 5. COX-2 revelation index in chondrocytes and synovial membrane of the treated group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. 6. Matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) revelation index in chondrocytes and synovial membrane of the treated group was significantly decreased compared with the control group. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we concluded that Sopunghwalhyeol-tang(Shufenghuoxie-tang) has inhibiting effects on the $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and MMP-3 secretion of chondrocytes and synovial membrane in Monosodium Iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis model of rats.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2006

두드러기는 가려움으로 인해 발생되는 피부상의 상해질환으로써 나이에 관계없이 높은 발병률을 가지고 있다. 한방에서는 만성두드러기의 원인 중 하나로 비위(脾胃)의 습열(濕熱)을 말한다. 소갈탕(升葛湯)은 보비익기(補脾益氣)의 효능을 가지고 있어 비위(脾胃)의 습열(濕熱)을 없애는데 사용되어 왔다. 최근 연구에 의하면 소갈탕(升葛湯)은 재발성 홍반성 두드러기를 효과적으로 억제하는 효능이 있다고 밝혀졌으나 소갈탕(升葛湯)의 항염증효과에 대한 메커니즘은 명백하지 않은바 이에 우리는 BV2세포에 있어서 NO농도, iNOS의 발현정도, $PGE_2$의 생산, 세포생존도, COx-2, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-12, $TNF-{\alpha}$의 발현을 조사하였다. 그 결과 소갈탕(升葛湯)은 NO, $PGE_2$의 생산을 현저하게 억제하며 iNOS, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-12, $TNF-{\alpha}$ 역시 감소하였고 세포생존도에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상(以上)을 살펴볼 때 소갈탕(升葛湯은 항염증 효과를 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

Objectives Trachelospermi caulis, known as Nak-Suk-Deung in Korea, is the dried leafy stem of Trachelospermum asiaticum var. intermedium Nakai, and climbing stems and branches of Trachelospermum sdisyivum var, intermedium nakai or Apocyanaceae. Trachelospermi caulis has antipyretic and analgesic activity. It has traditionally been used as a folk remedy in Korea for the treatment of various infla mMatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Effects of Trachelospermum caulis extract on SNP-induced infla mMatory responses in rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. Methods Anti-infla mMatory effects of the extract of Trachelospermum caulis were investigated using rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. For this study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, western blot analysis, PGE2 i mMunoassay, and NO detection were conducted. Results The aqueous extract of Trachelospermum caulis exerted cytotoxicity and suppressed PGE2 synthesis and NO production in rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. The aqueous extract of Trachelospermum caulis also inhibited the SNP-induced expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-$\alpha$ in rabbit HIG-82 synovial membrane cells. Conclusions These results showed that the extract of Trachelospermum caulis exerts the anti-infla mMatory effect by suppressing COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-$\alpha$ expressions in the synovial membrane cells.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-205
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• 2013

Obesity may cause metabolic syndrome and adult diseases. This study was undertaken to investigate the ameliorative or useful effects of beanleaves on inflammation and liver damage in obese rat models. Rats were divided into three groups: a control group (normal diet, n=6), a fat diet group (45%-fat diet, n=7), and a bean leaf group (45%-fat+Korean bean leaves diet, n=7). Body weights in the bean leaf group were lower than those of the fat group (P<0.05). Serum tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) concentrations were lower in both the control and bean leaf groups than in the fat group (P<0.001). TNF-${\alpha}$ concentrations in the bean leaf group were slightly higher than in the control group but statistically significant (P<0.05). The bean leaf group histologically exhibited lower fatty degeneration, spotty necrosis, and leukocyte infiltrations in hepatic tissues than those of the fat group. In the homogenized liver tissues, the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene was only expressed in the fat group. The gene expression levels of hepatic TNF-${\alpha}$, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, peroxiome proliferator-activated receptor-${\alpha}$ (PPAR-${\alpha}$), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) were weaker in the bean leaf group than in the fat group. These results suggest that adding bean-leaves to the diet may ameliorate obesity-induced systemic inflammation and liver damage and that bean leaves may be a useful food for preventing obesity and thereby metabolic syndrome and adult diseases.