• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.488-496
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• 2022

For over two years, after COVID-19 was first reported in the last quarter of 2019, the world has suffered from the pandemic. The Korean government has taken an initiative and has implemented a variety of policies to protect people from COVID-19. These policies have resulted in some suffering and inconvenience for people. In this context, we aim to find out what factors influence Korean college students' intention to social distance. We surveyed with Google's online survey tool(Google Form) for 116 Korean college students using a convenient sampling from December 30, 2020, to January 8, 2021. We put perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived health status, level of involvement, and trust in the policy as independent variables into a multiple regression equation using the stepwise method. We found that intention to social distance was predicted by perceived susceptibility, level of involvement, and trust in the policy in the final model. The findings mean that the more people perceive themselves susceptible to COVID-19, and the more they get involved with COVID-19, and the more they trust their governmental policies on COVID-19, the more they agree on social distancing.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2022

Purpose: This is a descriptive correlation study to confirm the effect of stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19 on the quality of life of small business owners in an area under environment of COVID-19. Methods: The participants were 150 small business owners in an area. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS 25.0 Program. Results: The stress of small business owners averaged 3.67±0.65 out of 4 points, anxiety of COVID-19 was 2.65±0.52, and quality of life was 75.61±20.26 out of 130 points. The quality of life showed a significant negative correlation with 'fear of infection' (r=-.42, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=-.49, p<.001) in the stress subdomain, and anxiety (r=-.61, p<.001). On the other hand, stress, 'fear of infection' (r=.50, p<.001), 'difficulties caused by social distancing' (r=.60 p<.001), 'anger against others' (r=.35, p<.001) and anxiety showed positive correlation. Factors affecting the quality of life of the subjects were 'fear of infection' in the stress subdomain (β=-.23, p=.003), anxiety (β=-.45, p<.001), and residential area (J zone) (β=-.16, p=.030). These factors explained 47.0% of the variance. Conclusion: In order to enhance the quality of life of small business owners in an area, it is required to reduce stress and anxiety. In addition, it is necessary to prepare an intervention program that can reduce stress and anxiety of small business owners.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2020

As the COVID-19 outbreak has prolonged, social distancing movements are encouraged and non-face-to-face lifestyle trends are spreading. As a result, it is necessary for general restaurants and small marts to provide delivery services like large-scale distribution companies. Large distribution companies have also suffered significant economic losses from COVID-19 because epidemiological investigations were conducted after the distribution center was closed due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in several large domestic distribution companies. In this thesis, in order to examine whether COVID-19 actually affects distribution companies, we attempt to understand the relationship between the number of confirmed cases per month and the sales share and growth rate by categories of distribution companies.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.337-344
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• 2021

To determine the impact of long-term social distancing and isolation from COVID-19 on the area of adult occupational performance, targeting adults in their 20s to 60s distributed nationwide for 2 months from November 2020 to December 2020. A questionnaire based on the occupational therapy execution system was constructed and investigated. A total of 270 people responded to the questionnaire, and the survey method was an online questionnaire. As a result of the analysis, there were significant differences in both occupational performance and satisfaction before and after COVID-19 in 33 (75%) of 45 items in 9 areas of the occupational performance area. There were significant changes in performance and satisfaction by age group in all age groups in health management, social participation, leisure, and work. In particular, those in their twenties showed the greatest change in performance and satisfaction in the leisure domain, while those in their 30s and 60s showed the greatest change in both the performance and satisfaction in the leisure domain. Along with these changes, the survey subjects recognized that their occupational performance and satisfaction were lower than before COVID-19 was a problem and confirmed that they are willing to improve. As COVID-19 is still a pandemic, it is necessary to involve experts in each area and follow-up studies to improve the differences by occupational performance area and age, which have changed due to long-term social distancing and isolation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.68-74
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• 2023

The food industry has been hit hard since the first outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019. However, as of April 2022, social distancing has been resolved and the restaurant industry has gradually recovered, interest in restaurant start-ups is increasing. Therefore, in this paper, 'restaurant start-up' was cited as a key keyword through social media big data analysis using TexTom, and word frequency and cone analysis were conducted for big data analysis. The keyword collection period was selected from May 1, 2022, when social distancing due to COVID-19 was lifted, to May 23, 2023, and based on this, a plan to develop chatbot services for restaurant start-ups was proposed. This paper was prepared in consideration of what to consider when starting a restaurant and a chatbot service that allows prospective restaurant founders to receive information more conveniently. Based on these analysis results, we expected to contribute to the process of developing chatbots for prospective restaurant founders in the future

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.360-370
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• 2022

Objectives: This study evaluated the response in Daegu, Korea to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic according to a public health emergency response model. Methods: After an examination of the official data reported by the city of Daegu and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as a literature review and advisory meetings, we chose a response model. Daegu's responses were organized into 4 phases and evaluated by applying the response model. Results: In phase 1, efforts were made to block further transmission of the virus through preemptive testing of a religious group. In phase 2, efforts were concentrated on responding to mass infections in high-risk facilities. Phase 3 involved a transition from a high-intensity social distancing campaign to a citizen participation-based quarantine system. The evaluation using the response model revealed insufficient systematic preparation for a medical surge. In addition, an incorporated health-related management system and protection measures for responders were absent. Nevertheless, the city encouraged the participation of private hospitals and developed a severity classification system. Citizens also played active roles in the pandemic response by practicing social distancing. Conclusions: This study employed the response model to evaluate the early response in Daegu to the COVID-19 pandemic and revealed areas in need of improvement or maintenance. Based on the study results, creation of a systematic model is necessary to prepare for and respond to future public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2021

Objectives: This study explored changes in individuals' behavior in response to social distancing (SD) levels and the "no gatherings of more than 5 people" (NGM5) rule in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Using survey data from the COVID-19 Behavior Tracker, exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 preventive factors: maintenance of personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. Each factor was used as a dependent variable. The chisquare test was used to compare differences in distributions between categorical variables, while binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with high compliance with measures to prevent transmission. Results: In men, all 3 factors were significantly associated with lower compliance. Younger age groups were associated with lower compliance with maintenance of personal hygiene and avoiding meeting people. Employment status was significantly associated with avoiding going out and avoiding meeting people. Residence in the capital area was significantly associated with higher compliance with personal hygiene and avoiding venturing out. Increasing SD levels were associated with personal hygiene, avoiding going out, and avoiding meeting people. The NGM5 policy was not significantly associated with compliance. Conclusions: SD levels, gender, age, employment status, and region had explanatory power for compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Strengthening social campaigns to inspire voluntary compliance with NPIs, especially focused on men, younger people, full-time workers, and residents of the capital area is recommended. Simultaneously, efforts need to be made to segment SD measures into substrategies with detailed guidance at each level.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.282-300
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore what social media posts tell us about family life during the COVID-19 pandemic by examining the keywords and topics underlying posts on blogs and online forums. Our criteria for web crawling were (a) blog and forum posts on Naver and Daum, the top portal sites in Korea, (b) posts between February 23 and April 19, 2020, the period of the first heightened social distancing orders, and (c) inclusion of "COVID" and "family" or "COVID" and "home." We analyzed 351,734 posts using TF-IDF values and topic modeling based on latent Dirichlet allocation. We identified and named 22 topics including COVID-19 prevention, family infection, family health, dietary life and changes, religious life, stuck at home, postponed school year, family events, travel and vacations, concerns about family and friends, anxiety and stress, disaster and damage, COVID-19 warning text messages, family support policies, Shin-cheon-ji and Daegu. The results show that COVID-19 impacted various domains of family life including health, food, housing, religion, child care, education, rituals, and leisure as well as relationships and emotions.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.395-407
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• 2021

The COVID-19 curve seesawed and reached the fourth pandemic in July 2021. Since the first three waves, the focus has been on achieving herd immunity through vaccination while a lot of manpower is used for quarantine. However, we have not been able to prevent the fourth wave. The causes are thought to be related to people who doubt the safety of the vaccine and refuse it or violate quarantine guidelines such as social distancing. This study examined guidelines for preventing and controlling COVID-19, the accuracy of vaccination-related information, and described quarantine measures including for those who completed vaccination. In conclusion, prevention and vaccination are the most effective countermeasures against COVID-19. We recommend people vaccination with self-quarantine. Also, it is necessary to make large investments to protect and support nurses in future pandemics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.167-171
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• 2022

In the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries worldwide have implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain its spread before vaccines and treatments were developed. NPIs included social distancing, mask wearing, intensive contact tracing and isolation, and sanitization. In addition to their effectiveness at preventing the rapid spread of COVID-19, NPIs have caused secondary changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases. In Korea, various NPI stages have been implemented since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 on January 20, 2020. This review, based on a PubMed database search, shows the impact of NPIs on several infectious diseases other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the COVID-19 pandemic era in Korea.