DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Epidemiological changes in infectious diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Korea: a systematic review

  • Ahn, Jong Gyun (Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2021.10.06
  • Accepted : 2021.11.19
  • Published : 2022.04.15

Abstract

In the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries worldwide have implemented several nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain its spread before vaccines and treatments were developed. NPIs included social distancing, mask wearing, intensive contact tracing and isolation, and sanitization. In addition to their effectiveness at preventing the rapid spread of COVID-19, NPIs have caused secondary changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases. In Korea, various NPI stages have been implemented since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 on January 20, 2020. This review, based on a PubMed database search, shows the impact of NPIs on several infectious diseases other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the COVID-19 pandemic era in Korea.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by a faculty research grant of Yonsei University College of Medicine (6-2021-0145).

References

  1. Hartley DM, Perencevich EN. Public health interventions for COVID-19: emerging evidence and implications for an evolving public health crisis. JAMA 2020;323:1908-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5910
  2. Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schunemann HJ, et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2020;395:1973-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9
  3. Fong MW, Gao H, Wong JY, Xiao J, Shiu EYC, Ryu S, et al. Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings-social distancing measures. Emerg Infect Dis 2020;26:976-84. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2605.190995
  4. Flaxman S, Mishra S, Gandy A, Unwin HJT, Mellan TA, Coupland H, et al. Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe. Nature 2020;584:257-61. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2405-7
  5. Coronavirus (COVID-19), Republic of Korea [Internet]. Cheongju (Korea): Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency; 2021 [cited 2021 Sep 30]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/socdisBoardView.do?brdId=6&brdGubun=1.
  6. Huh K, Kim YE, Ji W, Kim DW, Lee EJ, Kim JH, et al. Decrease in hospital admissions for respiratory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide claims study. Thorax 2021;76:939-41. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216526
  7. Huh K, Jung J, Hong J, Kim M, Ahn JG, Kim JH, et al. Impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on the incidence of respiratory infections during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Korea: a nationwide surveillance study. Clin Infect Dis 2021;72:e184-91. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1682
  8. Kim HM, Lee EJ, Lee NJ, Woo SH, Kim JM, Rhee JE, et al. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on respiratory surveillance and explanation of high detection rate of human rhinovirus during the pandemic in the Republic of Korea. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021;15:721-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12894
  9. Kim JH, Roh YH, Ahn JG, Kim MY, Huh K, Jung J, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza epidemics disappearance in Korea during the 2020-2021 season of COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2021;110:29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.005
  10. Kim MC, Kweon OJ, Lim YK, Choi SH, Chung JW, Lee MK. Impact of social distancing on the spread of common respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease outbreak. PLoS One 2021;16:e0252963. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252963
  11. Lee H, Lee H, Song KH, Kim ES, Park JS, Jung J, et al. Impact of public health interventions on seasonal influenza activity during the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea. Clin Infect Dis 2021;73:e132-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa672
  12. Noh JY, Seong H, Yoon JG, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. Social distancing against COVID-19: implication for the control of influenza. J Korean Med Sci 2020;35:e182. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e182
  13. Park JY, Kim HI, Kim JH, Park S, Hwang YI, Jang SH, et al. Changes in respiratory virus infection trends during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea: the effectiveness of public health measures. Korean J Intern Med 2021;36:1157-68. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2021.026
  14. Park S, Michelow IC, Choe YJ. Shifting patterns of respiratory virus activity following social distancing measures for COVID-19 in South Korea. J Infect Dis 2021;224:1900-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab231
  15. Yun HE, Ryu BY, Choe YJ. Impact of social distancing on incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases, South Korea. J Med Virol 2021;93:1814-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26614
  16. Ahn SY, Park JY, Lim IS, Chae SA, Yun SW, Lee NM, et al. Changes in the occurrence of Gastrointestinal Infections after COVID-19 in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2021;36:e180. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e180
  17. Park S, Michelow IC, Choe YJ. Trend of gastrointestinal infections following nonpharmaceutical interventions, South Korea, 2020. J Infect Dis 2021;224:368-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab244
  18. Hwangbo J, Lee JS, Choe SA, Choe YJ. Impact of social distancing on Kawasaki disease-associated hospitalization, South Korea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021;40:e383-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003202
  19. Kang JM, Kim YE, Huh K, Hong J, Kim DW, Kim MY, et al. Reduction in Kawasaki disease after nonpharmaceutical interventions in the COVID-19 era: a nationwide observational study in Korea. Circulation 2021;143:2508-10. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054785
  20. Leung NHL. Transmissibility and transmission of respiratory viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021;19:528-45. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00535-6
  21. Lin QY, Lim JYC, Xue K, Yew PYM, Owh C, Chee PL, et al. Sanitizing agents for virus inactivation and disinfection. View (Beijing) 2020 May 24:e16. https://doi.org/10.1002/viw2.16. [Epub].
  22. Zlateva KT, de Vries JJ, Coenjaerts FE, van Loon AM, Verheij T, Little P, et al. Prolonged shedding of rhinovirus and re-infection in adults with respiratory tract illness. Eur Respir J 2014;44:169-77. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00172113
  23. McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, Burns JC, Bolger AF, Gewitz M, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017;135:e927-99. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484
  24. Ahn JG, Bae Y, Shin D, Nam J, Kim KY, Kim DS. HMGB1 gene polymorphism is associated with coronary artery lesions and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019;58:770-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/key356
  25. Kim DS. Kawasaki disease. Yonsei Med J 2006;47:759-72. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2006.47.6.759
  26. Shulman ST, Rowley AH. An unintended consequence of pandemic control measures: fewer cases of Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr 2021;239:11-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.08.069