• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of spinal cord stimulation acupuncture therapy for lower limb numbness resulting from lumbar herniated intervertebral disc(HlVD). Methods : From 8th August, 2015 to 30th October, 2015, 1 male patient diagnosed as herniated intervertebral disc at L5/S1(Diffuse bulging disc with smooth ventral thecal sac indentation at L5-S1) was treated with spinal cord stimulation acupuncture and general Korean medicine therapy(acupuncture, herbal injection). Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were recorded during the treatment. Results : 1. The patient's chief complaints were remarkably improved - Rt. lower limb numbness remained 15% compared before treatment, Rt. lower limb paresthesia and gait disturbance almost disappeared after 25 times of treatment during 3 months. 2. NRS score decreased from 7 to 3, ODI decreased from 16 to 7. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that spinal cord stimulation acupuncture therapy with Korean medicine treatment has notable effect in improving lower limb numbness induced by lumbar HlVD.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify levels of hope, self-esteem, and quality of life, and to find correlations among these variables in people with spinal cord injury. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The data were collected by survey interview in 2010 from 120 people with spinal cord injury living in the community. To measure hope, self-esteem and quality of life, the Dispositional Hope Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, and World Health Organization's Quality of Life Instrument were utilized respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 12.0. Results: Mean score of hope was 2.56 and that of self-esteem was 3.23. Mean score of quality of life was 3.01. Statistically significant relationships were found between quality of life and hope (r=.73, p<.001), and between quality of life and self-esteem (r=.67, p<.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that hope and self-esteem were statistically significant in predicting quality of life with the explanatory power of 59.1%. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that nursing interventions fostering hope and self-esteem should be integrated in developing rehabilitation programs to improve quality of life for people with spinal cord injury.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.745-748
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 각종 산업 현장의 라인에 긴급 정지 장치로 병설되는 풀 코드 스위치의 동작위치를 판별하는 시스템에 대하여 다룬다. 특히, 된 논문에서는 전력선 통신 기술을 사용하여 복잡한 케이블 포설 없이도 기존의 2선만을 사용하여 동작된 풀 코드 스위치의 위치를 인식하는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 전력선 통신 IC의 제어 기능을 사용하여 스위치 제어 인식장치에서 각 스위치를 리셋하는 신호를 전송할 수 있도록 구성한다. 끝으로, 논문에서는 제안된 전력선 방식의 풀 코드 스위치 동작위치 인식장치를 제작하고 전력선을 통하여 전달된 신호 및 반응시간 관찰함으로써 풀 코드 스위치의 위치인식 시스템으로 실제로 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2012

Refractory angina pectoris is defined as angina refractory to optimal medical treatment and standard coronary revascularization procedures. Despite recent therapeutic advances, patients with refractory angina pectoris are not adequately treated. Spinal cord stimulation is a minimally invasive and reversible technique which utilizes electrical neuromodulation by means of an electrode implanted in the epidural space. It has been reported to be an effective and safe treatment for refractory angina pectoris. We report a case of spinal cord stimulation which has effectively relieved chest pain due to coronary artery disease in a 40-year-old man. This is the first report of spinal cord stimulation for treatment of refractory angina pectoris in South Korea.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2002

Background: Human umbilical cord bloods, which could be taken during the delivery are utilized as a source of hematopoietic stem cells. Also in cord blood, there are several kinds of stem cells such as endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: We isolated the mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord bloods and confirmed the differentiation of these cells into osteoblast progenitor cells. The mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood have the ability to differentiate into specific tissue cells, which is one of characteristics of stem cells. These cells were originated from the multipolar shaped cells out of adherent cells of the umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell culture. Results: The mesenchymal stem cells expressed cell surface antigen CD13, CD90, CD102, CD105, ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin and cytoplasmic antigen vimentine. Having cultrued these cells in bone formation media, we observed the formation of extracellular matrix and the expression of alkaline phosphatase and of mRNA of cbfa-1, ostoecalcin and type I collagen. Conclusion: From these results we concluded that the cells isolated from the umbilical cord blood were mesenchymal stem cells, which we could differentiate into osteoblast when cultured in bone formation media. In short, it is suggested that these cells could be used as a new source of stem cells, which has the probability to alternate the embryonic stem cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.182-193
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• 1998

Background: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), identified as a survival factor for developing peripheral neurons is upregulated by reactive astrocytes in the traumatized tissue and in areas of terminal degeneration after a brain lesion. But in the spinal cord, CNTF is expressed in the non-astrocytic phenotypic, maybe oligodendrocytes. The present study was undertaken to determine the upregulation of CNTF expression in reactive astrocytes following spinal cord lesion in the rat. Methods: Unilateral incision of the dorsal funiculus at the thoracic level was performed and rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 postlesion. Western blot analysis, immunocytochemical analysis and double immunofluorescence for CNTF and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed after spinal cord lesion. Results: A major band with 24 kDa and additional band of higher molecular weight form were detectable, and the intensity of the 24 kDa immunoreactive band increased up to 14 days postlesion and decreased toward laminectomized control values. CNTF immunoreactivity was markedly upregulated in the injured dorsal funiculus and adjacent gray matter. The time course of CNTF expression is coincident with the appearance of reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord. Moreover, double immunofluorescence for CNTF and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed that CNTF immunoreactivity was in GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes. Conclusions: These results show that CNTF upregulation occurred in reactive astrocytes following spinal cord lesion, and suggest a role for CNTF in the regulation of astrocytic responses after spinal cord injury.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2001

Spinal cord injury patients need rehabilitation after the acute stage. They should be cared for at home to decrease hospitalization. Home care nurses play an important role in making spinal cord injury patients who have physical. and psychosocial problems do their best. For effective care, home care nurses need standardized nursing intervention protocols for spinal cord injury patients, but they are rarely developed. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop home care nursing protocols, based on NIC, that are applicable to spinal cord injury patients at home. Forty home care nursing charts of spinal cord injury patients registered in a home care nursing agency from July 1st, 1994 to August 31st, 1999 in S city were analyzed. Fifteen home care nurses participated in this study as a user validity validation group, The results of this study are as follows. 1. Fifteen nursing diagnoses were classified through the frequency analysis of home care nursing charts and previous literature for 40 spinal cord injury patients: altered urinary elimination, constipation, high risk for impaired skin integrity, chronic pain, impaired skin integrity, impaired social interaction, knowledge deficit, bowel incontinence, high risk for injury, altered role performance, care giver role strain, impaired physical mobility, sexual dysfunction, dysreflexia, and ineffective breathing pattern. 2. Based on validation by experts and user validities, 93 nursing interventions which were above ICV(Index of Content Validity) .80 were chosen. 3. Nursing intervention protocols which showed above ICV .80 were developed.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Glial scarring and inflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) interfere with neural regeneration and functional recovery due to the inhibitory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. Stem cell transplantation can improve functional recovery in experimental models of SCI, but many obstacles to clinical application remain due to concerns regarding the effectiveness and safety of stem cell transplantation for SCI patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) that were genetically modified to express Olig2 in a rat model of SCI. Methods: Bone marrow-derived hMSCs were genetically modified to express Olig2 and transplanted one week after the induction of contusive SCI in a rat model. Spinal cords were harvested 7 weeks after transplantation. Results: Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs significantly improved functional recovery in a rat model of contusive SCI model compared to the control hMSC-transplanted group. Transplantation of Olig2-expressing hMSCs also attenuated glial scar formation in spinal cord lesions. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that transplanted Olig2-expressing hMSCs were partially differentiated into Olig1-positive oligodendrocyte-like cells in spinal cords. Furthermore, NF-M-positive axons were more abundant in the Olig2-expressing hMSC-transplanted group than in the control hMSC-transplanted group. Conclusions: We suggest that Olig2-expressing hMSCs are a safe and optimal cell source for treating SCI.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2002

Peripheral nerve injury results in plastic changes in the dorsal ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord, and is often complicated with neuropathic pain. The mechanisms underlying these changes are not known, but these changes seem to be most likely related to the neurotrophic factors. This study investigated the effects of mechanical peripheral nerve injury on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the DRG and spinal cord in rats. 1) Bennett model and Chung model groups showed significantly increased percentage of small, medium and large BDNF-immunoreactive neurons in the ipsilateral $L_4$ DRG compared with those in the contralateral side at 1 and 2 weeks of the injury. 2) In the ipsilateral $L_5$ DRG of the Chung model, percentage of medium and large BDNF-immunoreactive neurons increased significantly at 1 week, whereas that of large BDNF-immunoreactive neurons decreased at 2 week when compared with those in the contralateral side. The intensity of immunoreactivity of each neuron was lower in the ipsilateral than in the contralateral DRG. 3) In the spinal cord, the Bennett and Chung model groups showed a markedly increased BDNF-immunoreactivity in axonal fibers of both superficial and deeper laminae. The present study demonstrates that peripheral nerve injury in neuropathic models altered the BDNF expression in the DRG and spinal cord. This may suggest important roles of BDNF in sensory abnormalities after nerve injury and in protecting the large-sized neurons in the damaged DRG.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2008

Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and surgical outcome of the conus medullaris tumors. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients who underwent surgery for conus medullaris tumor from August 1986 to July 2007. We analyzed clinical manifestation, preoperative MRI findings, extent of surgical resection, histopathologic type, adjuvant therapy, and outcomes. Results : There were ependymoma (13), hemangioblastoma (3), lipoma (3), astrocytoma (3), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) (2), mature teratoma (1), and capillary hemangioma (1) on histopathologic type. Leg pain was the most common symptom and was seen in 80.8% of patients. Pain or sensory change in the saddle area was seen in 50% of patients and 2 patients had severe pain in the perineum and genitalia. Gross total or complete tumor resection was obtained in 80.8% of patients. On surgical outcome. modified JOA score worsened in 26.9% of patients, improved in 34.6%, and remained stable in 38.5%. The mean VAS score was improved from 5.4 to 1.8 among 21 patients who had lower back pain and leg pain. Conclusion : The surgical outcome of conus medullaris tumor mainly depends on preoperative neurological condition and pathological type. The surgical treatment of conus medullaris tumor needs understanding the anatomical and functional characteristics of conus meudllaris tumor for better outcome.