• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2012

This study was carried out in Gana Resettlement and Integrated Development (GRID) Project as a pioneer model for Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) in Sabah, Malaysia. The GRID project is developed to improve community livelihood as well as to promote community involvement in CBFM and at the same time to lessen community encroachment and traditional farming practices inside the forest conservation area. The objectives of this study are: (i) to identify the dependency of local community on forest resources; (ii) to examine local community's roles in conserving forest resources and, (iii) to analyze their views on GRID project in conserving forest. Interviews were conducted with randomly selected 130 households at the GRID project using semi structured questionnaires comprising closed and open-ended questions. The study reveals that community dependency on forest resources have lessened after the resettlement of the GRID project. The community shows positive perspective on their contribution for conserving the forest resources. However, the community's willingness to contribute as well as their real contribution can be further improved. The study recommends the government to create more effective training and relevant activities to improve the livelihood of community as well as to increase their positive perception on forest conservation efforts. Further research to strengthen the relationship between local community and forest governance through forest conservation is also recommended.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권1A호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2010

본 논문은 무선망 환경에서 패킷의 지연 제어를 위한 트래픽 관리 방안을 제시한다. 전송 노드의 버퍼에서 서비스 순서를 결정짓는 방안으로 EDD(Earliest Due Date) 스케쥴링 정책을 적용하여 각 패킷의 긴급성에 근거한 서비스 제어가 이루어지도록 하였다. 또한 채널 공유 제어를 위한 MAC 파라미터인 contention window 값은 MAC의 non-work conserving 특성을 최소화하여 지연을 감소시킬 수 있도록 시스템 상태에 따라 적응적으로 설정하는 방안을 제시하였다. 이 방안은 트래픽 클래스와는 무관하게 각 패킷별 지연 제어가 이루어지므로 클래스 단위의 파라미터 설정이 필요 없게 된다. 이러한 구현의 간편성 이외에 기능 및 성능의 타당성을 확인하기 위하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, IEEE 802.11e와 같은 클래스 단위의 큐 운용 방식에 비해 지연 감소 및 지연 요구 충족률이 높은 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2015

Techniques, using physical wedge filter and using dynamic wedge filter and FIF(Field in Field) and ISCT(Irregular Surface Compensating Technique), have been developed according to progress of radiation therapy of breast cancer. Measurement of dose was done to judge the usefulness of technique using three cases, non tissue loss after breast conserving operating and tissue loss after breast conserving operating and mastectomy. Dose indexes of breast tissue, CI (Conformity Index), HI (Homogeneity Index) and QOC (Quality of Coverage), dose index of skin, or dose indexes of lung, volume of 50 percent dose and 20 percent dose were estimated and compared. Using dynamic wedge filter is useful plan at non tissue loss allowing for high dose of lung. FIF and ISCT are useful plan at tissue loss. ISCT is useful plan at mastectomy. Henceforth, we need to apply to valid plan and body type and thorax size.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2004

목적: 유방암의 치료에서 표준화된 치료와 방사선치료의 적정 사용을 제고하기 위하여 유방암으로 진단받은 환자들의 치료 현황을 전국적으로 조사하였다. 특히 유방암의 최신 치료법이고 방사선치료가 필수적인 유방보존술의 시행 빈도를 분석함으로써 우리나라 유방암 치료 수준을 평가하고 개선점을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 1998년 6월까지 유방암으로 최초 진단받은 환자들의 임상 특성과 치료 상황을 조사 하였다 조사대상 병원은 전국 병원을 지역별, 병원군별(3차병원 대 종합병원), 방사선치료시설 유무로 구별하여 표본병원으로 선정하였다. 총 27개 병원에 연구원들이 직접 방문하여 의무기록지와 암등록지를 토대로 조사표를 작성하였다. 결과: 유방암환자 총 1,048명에 대한 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 연령별 분포는 40대가 33.4$\%$로 가장 많았고 50대가 28.5$\%$, 30대가 22$\%$이었으며 평균연령은 46.4세였다. 수술 후 병기 분포는 AJCC stage II가 58.4$\%$, stage I이 23.5$\%$, stage 0가 6$\%$이었으며 stage II 이하로 조기에 진단되는 비율이 87.8$\%$였다. 전체 환자의 64.8$\%$가 전유방적출술을 받았고 26$\%$의 환자가 유방보존적 수술을 받았으며 4.5$\%$는 항암화학요법을 받은 후 수술을 하였고 4.6$\%$의 환자들은 수술을 시행하지 않았다. AJCC 병기 0기에서는 47.5%$\%$ I기에서는 54.4$\%$, II기에서는 20.3$\%$가 유방보존술을 받았 다. 유방보존술 후 방사선치료 시행율은 I기 93.4$\%$, II기 89.9$\%$, III기 33.3$\%$이었고 유방절제술 후 방사선치료는 III기의 45$\%$에서 시행되었다. 지역과 방사선치료시설 유$\cdot$무에 따라서 유방보존술 비율이 달랐다. 결론: 방사선치료의 활용도가 적정 수준에 미흡했는데 이는 의료진의 인식 부족과 주변에 활용가능한 방사선치료 시설의 부족, 경제적 여건 등이 원인으로 생각된다. 유방보존술의 활용도 역시 선진국 수준에는 미치지 못하고 있는데 이는 우리나라 유방암환자들이 유방을 보존하고자 하는 욕구가 적고 유방보존술의 장점에 대한 인식이 부족하기 때문으로 생각된다. 또한 방사선치료 시설이 없는 종합병원에서 유방보존술 시행 빈도가 상대적으로 적은 것을 관찰할 수 있었는데 주변 여건에 따라서 치료 방침이 결정될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.839-845
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• 2007

It is necessary to draw up many plans to solve problems in the management of groundwater resources in Jeju Island while systematically develop and utilize water resources at an optimal level. It also seems to an evitable option to establish Groundwater Management Areas in Jeju Island. The excess use of groundwater could be discouraged by imposing charges on those licenses. Such policy as allowance trading system do not appear to be because of transaction costs, but could be applied if only were accompanied by complementary method. The methods of using and conserving the limited resources of groundwater should be founded through socially agreeable and appropriate ways. The policy complemented allowance trading system by Pigouian tax could be effective to regulate licenses. This is cutting the numbers of licenses at a constant rate, imposing charges on those who want to continue using licenses, and reimbursing in cash to those who return the licenses.

• 산업공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

In this paper we study the Minimum Edge Addition Problem(MEAP) to decrease the diameter of a graph. MEAP can be used for improving the serviceability of telecommunication networks with a minimum investment. MEAP is an NP-hard optimization problem. We present two mathematical programming models : One is a multi-commodity flow formulation and the other is a path partition formulation. We propose a branch-and-price algorithm to solve the path partition formulation to the optimality. We develop a polynomial time column generation sub-routine conserving the mathematical structure of a sub problem for the path partition formulation. Computational experiments show that the path partition formulation is better than the multi-commodity flow formulation. The branch-and-price algorithm can find the optimal solutions for the immediate size graphs within reasonable time.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.746-748
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• 2011

MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a self-configuration network or wireless multi-hop network based on inference topology. The proposed ATICC(Adaptive Time Interval Clustering Control) algorithm for hierarchical cluster based MANET. The proposed ATICC algorithm is time interval control technique for node management considering the attribute of node and network traffic. ATICC could be made low the network traffic. Also it could be improving the network life time by using timing control method.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

Biodiversity, referring to the variety and abundance of species, their genetic composition, and the communities, ecosystem, and landscapes, is essential to maintain healthy and productive forests, and to provide useful hedge against the future uncertainties in conditions of the environment and natural resources. To realize the long-term sustainability for forest production of goods and services is dependent upon maintaining and enhancing the biodiversity in the forest ecosystem. Because we can not always recognized which portion of biodiversity is essential to maintain the stability and sustainability of the natural system, conserving biodiversity is even unconditionally important. Even though the activities of forest resource management may have a variety of negative impacts on biodiversity by modification of the natural ecosystem into economically effective artificial ecosystem, forest professionals have been developing intelligent scheme to coexist management and conservation. However, conservation of biodiversity must be a complex problem encircled by ecological, economical, and social considerations. There seems to be no such a simple and easy solution. Strategies for ecologically deliberated forest resource management, which could play an important role to conserve biodiversity, were discussed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

우리나라 산림공익기능 증진 관련 정책 및 조치는 2001년 산림법 체계에서 산림기본법 중심의 기능별 법체계 개편 이후 산림법의 분법화가 본격적으로 진행되면서 새롭게 제정된 법령에 근거하여 다양한 정책이 추진되고 있다. 이러한 정책에는 1970년대부터 수원함양림조성, 사방사업 등 국민들의 일상생활과 크게 밀접하지 않은 수자원 보전기능과 국토보전유지기능이 중요한 산림공익기능 증진 정책으로 지속적으로 추진되고 있다. 특히 최근에는 보건휴양기능, 산림생태계와 동 식물 보전관리의 중요성에 따른 생물다양성보전기능 정책이 활발히 추진되고 있다. 이중 보건휴양기능은 주 5일제의 정착 이후 다양한 산림휴양수요에 적극 대응하기 위하여 예산규모는 적지만 다양한 정책이 추진되고 있는 것이 특징적이다. 이는 보건휴양기능이 국민의 일상생활과 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 기능으로서 짧은 기간에 정부투자의 가시적인 성과와 국민들로부터 높은 호응을 얻을 수 있기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2008

In ad hoc network, the scarce energy management of the mobile devices has become a critical issue in order to extend the network lifetime. Therefore, the energy consumption is important in the routing design, otherwise cluster schemes are efficient in energy conserving. For the above reasons, an Energy conserving Context aware Clustering algorithm (ECC) is proposed to establish the network clustering structure, and a routing algorithm is introduced to choose the Optimal Energy Routing Protocol (OERP) path in this paper. Because in ad hoc network, the topology, nodes residual energy and energy consuming rate are dynamic changing. The network system should react continuously and rapidly to the changing conditions, and make corresponding action according different conditions. So we use the context aware computing to actualize the cluster head node, the routing path choosing. In this paper, we consider a novel routing protocol using the cluster schemes to find the optimal energy routing path based on a special topology structure of Resilient Ontology Multicasting Routing Protocol (RODMRP). The RODMRP is one of the hierarchical ad hoc network structure which combines the advantage of the tree based and the mesh based network. This scheme divides the nodes in different level found on the node energy condition, and the clustering is established based on the levels. This protocol considered the residual energy of the nodes and the total consuming energy ratio on the routing path to get the energy efficiently routing. The proposed networks scheme could get better improve the awareness for data to achieve and performance on their clustering establishment and messages transmission. Also, by using the context aware computing, according to the condition and the rules defined, the sensor nodes could adjust their behaviors correspondingly to improve the network routing.