• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2000

The color space transformation to link device-dependent color spaces and device-independent color spaces is essential for device characterization and cross-media color reproduction. There are various color conversion methods such as regression, 3D interpolation with LUT(look-up table), and neural network. In the color transformation with these methods, the conversion accuracy is essentially based on the sample data to be exploited for device characterization. In conventional method, color samples are uniformly selected in device-dependent space such as CMY and RGB. However, distribution of these color samples is very non-uniform in device-independent color space such as CIEL*a*b*. Accordingly, the conversion error in device-independent color space is irregular according to the distribution of the samples. In this paper, a color sampling method based on equi-visual perception is proposed to obtain approximate uniform color samples in CIEL*a*b* space. In order to evaluate transformation accuracy of proposed method, color space transformations are simulated using regression, 3D interpolation with LUT and neural network techniques, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2007

In this paper, an experiment was done where the input device used the linear multiple regression and the sRGB color space to perform a color transformation. The output device used the GOG, GOGO and sRGB for the color transformation. After the input device underwent a color transformation, a $3\;{\times}\;20\;size$ matrix was used in a linear multiple regression and the scanner's color representation of scanner was better than a digital still camera's color representation. When using the sRGB color space, the original copy and the output copy had a color difference of 11. Therefore it was more efficient to use the linear multiple regression method than using the sRGB color space. After the input device underwent a color transformation, the additivity of the LCD monitor's R, G and B signal value improved and therefore the error in the linear formula transformation decreased. From this change, the LCD monitor with the GOG model applied to the color transformation became better than LCD monitors with other models applied to the color transformation. Also, the color difference varied more than 11 from the original target in CRT and LCD monitors when a sRGB color transformation was done in restricted conditions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2160-2174
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• 2011

In this paper, a new technique for color reproduction based on color variation characteristics of digital camera under a dim light condition is proposed. Generally, photographers should adjust a camera exposure properly for obtaining an image with real color tone of subjects. Thus, in case of taking a picture under a dim light condition, the exposure time of a camera has to be relatively longer than the one under a bright light condition. Although images with real color tone of the subject are obtained, the images may get blurred due to the shaky hands of photographer holding the camera. In order to avoid the blur effect, an input image is captured from a camera set as a short exposure time under a dim light condition. Then we propose a method to reproduce color tone of the dim input image. To this end, color variation characteristics which represent color variations of a digital camera are first extracted by analyzing the Macbeth color checker images taken under various exposure values. Then, a color reproduction is performed by an estimation based on the color variation characteristics. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method has achieved better performance of color reproduction, compared with existing methods.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2018

Color shade variation was investigated in zirconia dental blocks, prepared using commercial powders. As a reference color-shade block we used the color indexes of A2, A3.5, A4 and B3, according to the VITA classical color scale. The zirconia powders for color shade blocks showed colors of white, yellow, pink and grey, respectively, after firing at $1530^{\circ}C$. The zirconia powders were mixed according to the recipe of color shade blocks and shaped at lower pressure using a uniaxial hydrostatic press. The shaped sample was inserted into a vinyl pack and sealed in a vacuum form machine. The shaped block samples were reshaped at 450 bar using an isostatic cold press and fired at $1530^{\circ}C$ for three hours. In order to investigate the atmospheric color variation with firing temperature, the A2, A3.5, A4 and B3 sintered blocks were fired between $700^{\circ}C$ and $1300^{\circ}C$ under controlled atmosphere of $pN_2$ and $pO_2$. The surface color picture was taken using a smart phone camera and compared with the results obtained using the VITA classical color scale. Quantitative color index value, CIELAB, was measured using a color-meter. Above $800^{\circ}C$, the color darkness greatly increased with the increase of the reduction temperature and keeping time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.53-61
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to classify the characteristics of color communication tools and the color range applied in the Korean fashion industry. To collect the color sample and related references, a questionnaire was distributed during the time period, December, 1995 to June, 1996. From the responses, 2641 color samples used by 109 domestic brands, from 1993 spring/summer to 1996 spring/summer, were collected and analyzed. The data was measured by L*a*b*, and the H V/C formula found in the Munsell notation was used to calculate the data. To classify the color range served for the fashion industry, the distribution of colors are analyzed by difference of season and fabric. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Dominant colors in the Korean fashion industry are Red, Yellow-red, Yellow, purple-blue and low chromatic range colors. 2. While high value colors, such as pale, light greyish, light, dull, dark and vivid tone colors, are dominant in the spring/summer season, low value colors, such as greyish, dark greyish. and deep tone colors and warm colors such as Red, Yellow-red, are prevalent in the fall/winter season. 3. The number of colors commonly used for color planning is less than 20 colors, and both hue and tone are considered important when making color selections. 4. All brands take consumers' color preferences into consideration for color planning, and most of them also take color trends into account. 5. Hue and tone color characteristics analyzed by types of fabrics show more seasonal influence than the fabric itself.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2007

The color is one of the important key words in Fashion arena today. In fashion, the image and concept changes by use of color or color combinations. The purpose of this research is to pursue the characteristics of color and color combinations through analyzing the colors utilized in oriental fashion design. It is necessary to define the oriental fashion design to build a criteria for collecting law materials for analysis of the research. As a conclusion, traditional oriental colors already used in various traditional artifacts were popular in use by many fashion designers with volatile attitudes towards its original symbolic meanings or philosophy. For example, yellow and red stands for gorgeous or sexy images through fashion design instead of express its original symbols of power and prosperity. The Complimentary Color Combination in hue, value and intensity of colors were also found in fashion design impling oriental images. While Contemporary Fashion Trend Color were also used in expressing Oriental images with oriental details considering fashion market. In using Oriental colors The characteristics of oriental colors and its combinations used in fashion designs are significant and their influences are meaningful not only in fashion design but also adjacent design areas.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of traditional blue color between Korean and Japanese traditional costumes. Korea and Japan as the neighboring country of geographically and historically, but showed obvious difference in traditional color. In this study we investigated the blue color characteristics that appear on Korean and Japanese traditional costumes. We researched the characteristics of blue color on color names and color tones through the old Korean and Japanese literatures, costume remains and restoration dyeing fabrics. This study researched the Chosun Period in Korea and Edo Period in Japan. The results of this study Were as following; Many differentiation colors appeared in Chosun and Edo period than former ages. These differentiation colors were made giving differences gradually in basic color, hue, value and chroma. The blue color names appeared 40 names in Chosun Period and 57 names in Edo Period. In these blue color names of Chosun and Edo Period, the common color name was not more 'indigo'. The most highly appearanced blue color hues of costume remains in Chosun and restoration dyeing fabrics in Edo Period were blue and purplish blue. The most highly appearanced blue color tones were dull and moderate. By result of preceding descriptions, the characteristics of national color were not come from difference of dye and dyeing method, could know that come from difference of society and cultural environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide color information in order to planning and merchandising in china fashion through the color of Beijing opera. In objective study, we collect total 302 Beijing opera images. The collecting method of source data is to extract digital color data by color picker. We transform RGB color data to H V/C, CIE L*a*b and analyze the attributes of color and tone, three-dimensional analysis. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The color distrbution of Beijing opera is R(26.9%)>YR(18.2%)>PB(11.6%)>Y(9.6%). Traditional preference color, red is most popular color as 26.7%:, the practice of vivid tone red is numerous. 2. The tone distribution of Beijing opera costume is P(16%)>It(13.9%)>d(11%)>5(9.6%)>4kg (8.2%)>b(7.1%:). The value o# Beijing opera costume distribute medium and medium-high and the chroma of those distributes low. 3. High chroma yellow is restrictive color as the symbol of emperor in china but medium-low chroma yellow is very frequently used. 4. Blue is often used in china costume. Especially in Beijing opera costume blue is symbol of bravery, dignity, cruel character 5. White in Beijing opera costume is much used for symbol of righteous loyalist. Black is less used than white in Beijing opera costume and black is authority color for symbol of the prime minister.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.785-798
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• 2004

Silk has always been coveted as the finest and richest of all fibers woven into cloth. The earlist woven silk fragments found to date come from the third century B.C. The filament created and spun into cocoon by the larva of the silk moth, silk was exported from China to Europe from as early as the third century B.C. Silk industry is export leading industry that guide national textile industry development after the 1960s in Korea. Korean silk industry reached to peak at 1975 is displaying appearance that export scale is decreased recently. Various kinds methods can be proposed for high value added in silk industry, the research about color is essential. The importance of color is increasing in modern textile and fashion industry. Color is important factor of textile and fashion industry because color affects strong influence in human's sensitivity. Silk fabric can give high added value developing high sensitivity color because dye ability is superior. In this study I planned the "Utility Silk Color Code 288" for efficient color management in silk industry. "Utility Silk Color Code 288" are attached the Munsell notation and dyeing data which can reappear the color when needed. This research constructs for insufficient domestic color infrastruction and expect that basic role to develop the competitive power for Korean silk industry.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.5C
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• pp.513-519
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• 2007

Color correlogram is widely used in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) because it extracts not only the color distribution of pixels in images like color histogram, but also extracts the spatial information of pixels in the images. The color correlogram uses single color space. Therefore, the color correlograms does not have robust discriminative features. In this paper, we use both RGB and HSV color spaces together for the color correlogram to achieve better discriminative features. The proposed algorithm is tested on a large database of images and the results are compared with the single color space color correlogram. In simulation results, the proposed algorithm 5.63 average retrieval rank less than single color space correlogram.