• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.91-93
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• 2000

Soybean meal(SMB) has not only been an important source of protein, but also a major source of isolfavones(IF) for poultry diet. Since the IF is one of effective phytoestrogens, evaluation of bioavailability of the phytochemicals for poultry and development of an animal model for assessment of the availability should be essential for its practical application. Present study was to develop bird model for assessing their bioavailability. No reports for such measurments with poultry could have every been found. Eight, 6-wk-old, layer-type, male birds were divided into two groups of four birds; normal (N) and colostomized(COL). Each bird was tube-fed a SMB sample at a level of 1% body weight. Samples from blood, urine and feces(COL birds) or urine+feces (N) were collected at 0, 2, 8, 15, 24 and 48 hours after the feeding. Plasma and urine samples were treated with -glucuronidase and fecal samples with 4N HCl for measurement of genistein(GE) and daidzein (DA) with HPLC set with an electrochemical detector. Maximum peaks of plasma IF appeared at 2 h after the meal for both birds groups. However the IF peak for N group was GE, while that for COL group was DA. Plasma DA levels for COL birds were always higher than those of GE, which was in opposite trend for N birds. This trend observed in the N birds is in accordance with those reported in rats fed SBM. In conclusion the results seem to suggest that colostomy as an attempt to separate urine from feces in birds affected the IF metabolism in the intestine and may not be a proper bird model to measure the IF bioavailability.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

Gadolinium chloride ($GdCl_{3}$) was known to block Kupffer cells and generally its toxicity study based on blocking these cells. Therefore, $GdCl_{3}$ frequently used to study toxic mechanisms of hepatotoxicants inducing injury through Kupffer cells. We also tried to investigate the effect of $GdCl_{3}\;on\;CCl_{4}$ toxicity, typical hepatotoxicants. Administration of $GdCl_{3}$ to mice significantly suppressed AST (asparatate amino transferase), ALT (alanine amino transferase) levels which were increased by $CCl_{4}$ treatment. However, $GdCl_{3}$ didn't inhibit the phagocytotic activity of Kupffer cells. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a good indicator of the degree of lipid peroxidation. In this study, MDA increased by $GdCl_{3}$ administration not by $CCl_{4}$. To understand the toxicity of $GdCl_{3}$, we analyzed global gene expression profile of mice liver after acute $GdCl_{3}$ injection. Four hundred fifty two genes were differentially expressed with more than 2-fold in at least one time point among 3 hr, 6 hr, and 24 hr. Several genes involved in fibrogenesis regulation. Several types of pro-collagens (Col1a2, Col5a2, Col6a3, and Col13a1) and tissue inhibitor of metal-loproteinase1 (TIMP1) were up regulated during all the time points. Genes related to growth factors, chemokines, and oxidative stress, which were known to control fibrogenesis, were significantly changed. In addition, $GdCl_{3}$ induced abnormal regulation between lipid synthesis and degradation related genes. These data will provide the information about influence of $GdCl_{3}$ to hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2022

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a common calcium and metabolic skeletal disease which is characterized by decreased bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and impaired bone strength, thereby leading to enhanced risk of bone fragility. In this study, we aimed to identify novel genes for susceptibility to osteoporosis and/or bone density. Materials and Methods: To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and osteoporosis-induced cells, annealing control primer-based differential display reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out in pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Expression levels of the identified DEGs were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Association studies for the quantitative bone density analysis and osteoporosis case-control analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were performed in Korean women (3,570 subjects) from the Korean Association REsource (KARE) study cohort. Results: Comparison analysis of expression levels of the identified DEGs by quantitative RT-PCR found seven genes, Anxa6, Col5a1, Col6a2, Eno1, Myof, Nfib, and Scara5, that showed significantly different expression between the dexamethason-treated and untreated MC3T3-E1 cells and between the ovariectomized osteoporosis-induced mice and sham mice. Association studies revealed that there was a significant association between the SNPs in the five genes, ANXA6, COL5A1, ENO1, MYOF, and SCARA5, and bone density and/or osteoporosis. Conclusion: Using a whole-genome comparative expression analysis, gene expression evaluation analysis, and association analysis, we found five genes that were significantly associated with bone density and/or osteoporosis. Notably, the association P-values of the SNPs in the ANXA6 and COL5A1 genes were below the Bonferroni-corrected significance level.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2008

Objectives: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has become an assisted reproductive technique for couples carrying genetic conditions that may affect their offspring. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. At least 95% of cases are caused by dominant mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2. In this study, we report on our experience clinical outcomes with 5 PGD cycles for OI in two couples. Methods: Before clinical PGD, we assessed the amplification rate and allele drop-out (ADO) rate of alkaline lysis and nested PCR protocol using heterozygous patient's single lymphocytes in the pre-clinical diagnostic tests for OI. We performed 5 cycles of PGD for OI by nested PCR for the causative mutation loci, COL1A1 c.2452G>A and c.3226G>A, in case 1 and case 2, respectively. The PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with HaeIII restriction enzyme in the case 1 and direct DNA sequencing. Results: We confirmed the causative mutation loci, COL1A1 c.2452G>A in case 1 and c.3226G>A in case 2. In the pre-clinical tests, the amplification rate was 94.2% and ADO rate was 22.5% in case 1, while 98.1% and 1.9% in case 2, respectively. In case 1, a total of 34 embryos were analyzed and 31 embryos (91.2%) were successfully diagnosed in 3 PGD cycles. Eight out of 19 embryos diagnosed as unaffected embryos were transferred in all 3 cycles, and in the third cycle, pregnancy was achieved and a healthy baby was delivered without any complications in July, 2005. In case 2, all 19 embryos (100.0%) were successfully diagnosed and 4 out of 11 unaffected embryos were transferred in 2 cycles. Pregnancy was achieved in the second cycle and the healthy baby was delivered in March, 2008. The causative locus was confirmed as a normal by amniocentesis and postnatal diagnosis. Conclusions: To our knowledge, these two cases are the first successful PGD for OI in Korea. Our experience provides a further demonstration that PGD is a reliable and effective clinical techniques and a useful option for many couples with a high risk of transmitting a genetic disease.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1383-1387
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• 2020

Recently, a 4-col 7-row LED Screen that provides various information of major roads and local governments has been installed and operated. However, due to deterioration due to changes in temperature and humidity, deterioration due to static electricity, and mechanical stress, partial module failure of the display may occur, which is a major cause of missing information of vitally given to citizens. However, there have been frequent cases where the 4-col and 7-row LED Screen that have failed due to reasons such as installed location where the signboards are installed on the road and outdoor, the lack of monitoring means at all times, and the lack of manpower is often neglected for a long time. Following this flow, this paper proposes a method to detect defective modules by analyzing the images collected through the camera fixed to the front part of the LED display.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2018

The solar magnetic field plays a central role in the field of solar research, both theoretically and practically. Sunspots are an important observational constraint since they are considered a discernable tracer of emerged magnetic flux tubes, providing the longest running records of solar magnetic activity. In this presentation, we first review the statistical properties of the latitudinal distribution of sunspots and discuss their implications. The phase difference between paired wings of the butterfly diagram has been revealed. Sunspots seem to emerge with the exponential distribution on top of slowly varying trends by periods of ~11 years, which is considered multiplicative rather than additive. We also present a concept for the center-of-latitude (COL) and its use. With this, one may sort out a traditional butterfly diagram and find new features. It is found that the centroid of the COL does not migrate monotonically toward the equator, appearing to form an 'active latitude'. Furthermore, distributions of the COL as a function of latitude depend on solar activity and the solar North-South asymmetry. We believe that these findings serve as crucial diagnostic tools for any potential model of the solar dynamo. Finally, we find that as the Sun modulates the amount of observed galactic cosmic ray influx, the solar North-South asymmetry seems to contribute to the relationship between the solar variability and terrestrial climate change.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and specific biomarkers are important needed to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and to forecast and monitor treatment efficiency. There are a lot of pathological factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), involved in the process of cancer initiation and progression. The oxidative modification of proteins by ROS is implicated in the etiology or progression of disorders and diseases. In this study, a labeling experiment with the thiol-modifying reagent biotinylated iodoacetamide (BIAM) revealed that a variety of proteins were differentially oxidized between normal and tumor tissues of ovarian cancer patients. To identify cysteine oxidation-sensitive proteins in ovarian cancer patients, we performed comparative analysis by nano-UPLC-$MS^E$ shotgun proteomics. We found oxidation-sensitive 22 proteins from 41 peptides containing cysteine oxidation. Using Ingenuity program, these proteins identified were established with canonical network related to cytoskeletal network, cellular organization and maintenance, and metabolism. Among oxidation-sensitive proteins, the modification pattern of Collagen alpha-1(VI) chain (COL6A1) was firstly confirmed between normal and tumor tissues of patients by 2-DE western blotting. This result suggested that COL6A1 might have cysteine oxidative modification in tumor tissue of ovarian cancer patients.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1004-1005
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• 2006

This paper investigates a speed sensorless control of induction motor. The control strategy is based on MRAS (Model Reference Adaptive System) using load-torque observer as a reference model for flux estimation. The speed response of conventional MRAS controller characteristics is affected by variations of load torque disturbance. In the proposed system, the speed control characteristics using a load-torque observer control isn't affected by a load torque disturbance. Simulation results are presented to prove the effectiveness of the adaptive sliding mode controller for the drive variable load of induction motor.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제6권
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• pp.148-157
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• 1998

This study presents test results of a residential window air-conditioner using R22 and two potential alternative refrigerants, R407C and R410B. A series of performance tests has been carried out for the basic and liquid-suction heat exchange cycles in a psychometric calorimeter test facility. For R407C, the same rotary compressor was used as in the R22 system. However, compressor for the R410B system was modified to provide the similar cooling capacity. The evaporator circuit was changed to get a counter-cross flow heat exchanger to take advantage of zeotropic mixture's temperature glide, and liquid-suction heat exchange cycle was also considered to improve the system performance. Test results were compared with those for the basic R22 system. The modified system with a liquid-suction heat exchanger increased cooling capacity and energy efficiency by up to 5%.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2015

We study an association between the duration of solar activity and characteristics of the latitude distribution of sunspots by means of center-of-latitude (COL) of sunspots observed during the period from 1878 to 2008 spanning solar cycles 12 to 23. We first calculate COL by taking the area-weighted mean latitude of sunspots for each calendar month to determine the latitudinal distribution of COL of sunspots appearing in the long and short cycles separately. The data set for the long solar cycles consists of the solar cycles 12, 13, 14, 20, and 23. The short solar cycles include the solar cycles 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, and 22. We then fit a double Gaussian function to compare properties of the latitudinal distribution resulting from the two data sets. Our main findings are as follows: (1) The main component of the double Gaussian function does not show any significant change in the central position and in the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM), except in the amplitude. They are all centered at ~ 11° with FWHM of ~ 5°. (2) The secondary component of the double Gaussian function at higher latitudes seems to differ in that even though their width remains fixed at ~ 4°, their central position peaks at ~ 22.1° for the short cycles and at ~ 20.7° for the long cycles with quite small errors. (3) No significant correlation could be established between the duration of an individual cycle and the parameters of the double Gaussian. Finally, we conclude by briefly discussing the implications of these findings on the issue of the cycle 4 concerning a lost cycle.