• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.172-175
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• 2008

In the last five years, 45 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. CO poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of CO gas released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of CO alarm was made certain and suggested.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2021

Purpose: Alcohol ingestion enhances impulsivity and aggression, and has been proven to have a close relationship with suicide. This study investigates whether alcohol co-ingestion affects the Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) grade in patients with intentional poisoning. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of intentional poisoning patients who visited the emergency department (ED) from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Patients were divided into non-drunken and drunken groups. We collected the data based on the medical records of the patients and serum ethanol level results recorded during initial blood tests at the ED. To grade the PSS, the highest score was assessed through clinical signs and test results during the hospital stay. A comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups. Results: A total of 277 patients were included in the study. 163 (58.8%) were in the non-drunken group, and 114 (41.2%) were in the drunken group. The PSS grade showed a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.002). While grade 1 (mild) was observed more in the non-drunken group, grade 2 (moderate) and grade 3 (severe) were seen more in the drunken group. In an ordinal logistic regression analysis, alcohol co-ingestion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.557, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.554-4.208, p<0.001) was considered to be a risk factor for a higher PSS grade. There was no significant correlation between the serum ethanol level and the PSS grade. (p=0.568) Conclusion: Intentional poisoning patients with alcohol co-ingestion had a higher PSS. Hence close observation and aggressive treatment in the ED is warranted in such cases.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

최근 스마트폰 사용자들이 급격히 증가함에 따라 다양한 사회적 문제점들이 발생되고 있다. 대표적으로, 과도한 스마트폰의 사용과 잘못된 이용습관은 '스마트폰 중독(smartphone addiction)'과 '스마트폰 질병(smartphone disease)'과 같은 새로운 사회적 문제점들을 야기시키고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제들을 사전에 예방하기 위해 스마트폰 사용자의 패턴을 방향센서를 이용해서 수집하고 분석해서 스마트폰 중독 및 질병을 예방하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 사용자의 스마트폰 사용형태와 사용시간을 실시간으로 분석하여 위험수준에 도달하였을 경우, 사용자에게 이를 알려 줌으로써 사용자 자신이 사전에 위험을 인지할 수 있도록 하며, 자신의 의지로 스마트폰 사용을 절제하도록 하여 스마트폰 중독 및 질병을 사전에 예방할 수 있도록 제안한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.153-156
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• 1983

1950년(年) 이후(以後) 무연탄(無煙炭)으로 만든 연탄(煉炭)을 취사(炊事), 난방용(煖房用)으로 가정(家庭)에서 광범위(廣範圍)하게 사용(使用)하게 되면서 연탄(煉炭)가스내(內)의 일산화탄소(一酸化炭素)로 인(因)한 중독사고(中毒事故)가 빈발(頻發)하여 심각(深刻)한 국민보건(國民保健)의 문제(問題)가 되어왔다. 저자(著者)들의 실태조사(實態調査)(1975년도(年度))에 의(依)하면 서울특별시일원(特別市一圓)에 있어 일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 년간발생(年間發生)은 인구(人口), 10만당(萬當) 경증(輕症) 260명(名), 혼수상태(昏睡狀態)의 중증중독(重症中毒) 45명(名), 사망(死亡) 1명(名)으로 위험인구(危險人口)를 3,000만명(萬名)으로 하였을 때 전국적(全國的)으로 일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 추정발생수(推定發生數)는 년간(年間) 경증(輕症) 78만명(萬名), 중증(重症) 13만(萬) 5천명(千名), 사망(死亡) 3,000명(名)으로 그 피해(被害)의 규모(規模)가 100만을 육박(肉薄)하는 가공(可恐)할 수자(數字)를 보여주고 있다. 저자(著者)들은 이러한 심각(深刻)한 국민보건(國民保健)의 문제(問題)를 우선(于先) 실천가능(實踐可能)한 제이차예방(第二次豫防)에 역점(力點)을 두어 고압산소요법(高壓酸素療法)을 보급(普及)할 목적(目的)으로 일인용고압산소장치(一人用高壓酸素裝置)를 개발(開發)하고 1969년(年) 1월(月)에 서울대학교병원(大學校病院)에 고압산소치료실(高壓酸素治療室)을 개설(開設)하여 급성일산화탄소(急性一酸化炭素) 중독환자(中毒患者)에 대(對)한 응급치료(應急治療)를 실시(實施)하여 1978년(年)까지 10년간(年間)의 치료결과(治療結果)를 요약(要約)한바 다음과 같다. 1. 총치료환자수(總治療患者數)는 2,242명(名)이고 회복(回復)된 수(數)는 2,202명(名)으로 98.2%의 회복률(回復率)을 보였다. 2. 계절적(季節的)으로 10월(月)에서 4월(月)까지가 연중최성기(年中最盛期)이나 5월(月)에서 9월(月)까지도 적지않은 환자(患者)의 발생(發生)을 볼 수 있었다. 3. 연령별분포(年齡別分布)를 보면 15세(歲)${\sim}29$세군(歲群)이 전체환자(全體患者)의 반이상(半以上)인 52.7%를 차지하고 있고 $0{\sim}14$세군(歲群)은 인구비(人口比)에 대해 발생(發生)이 훨씬 적은 결과(結果)를 보이고 있다. 4. 도착시간별(到着時間別) 입원율(入院率)은 오전(午前) 10시이후(時以後) 도착군(到着群)서부터는 입원율(入院率)이 급증(急增)하는데 이는 병원도착(病院到着)이 늦일수록 당일회복(當日回復)이 되지못하고 입원가료(入院加療)하게 됨을 나타내주는 결과(結果)라 할 수 있다. 5. 병발증(倂發症)으로는 급성욕창, 폐렴(肺炎) 및 신경학적(神經學的) 이상등(異常等)의 소견(所見)을 많이 볼 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2868-2873
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• 2008

Carbon Monoxide(CO) poisoning accident is higher than any other gas accident in the rate of deaths/incidents. In the last five years, 36 people died and 104 were wounded because of carbon monoxide poisoning accident. Most of these CO poisoning accidents were caused by defective exhaust tube in the old gas boiler and multi-use facility. In this study, the spread of incomplete combustion gas(CO) released from leakage hole of exhaust tube was analyzed by computational flow modeling and concentration measuring test. CO gas leaked form exhaust tube in a building was highest concentrated near the ceiling and formed the circular currents along the walls. Through these experiments and simulation, the reasonable installation location of carbon monoxide alarm was made certain and suggested.

• 대한신경과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.358-362
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• 2018

Delayed anoxic encephalopathy after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is characterized by neurological deterioration that occurs after recovery from acute CO intoxication. There has been no established therapy. We report a patient recovered from acute CO intoxication developed various neurological symptoms. After the administration of high dose prednisolone and anticholinesterase inhibitor, the therapeutic effect was remarkable and confirmed by quantitative analysis of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). DTI could be used to evaluate the therapeutic effect for delayed anoxic encephalopathy after CO poisoning.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2013

맨홀 또는 환기가 부족한 공간에서 작업 중 유해 가스나 산소결핍에 의한 질식 또는 급성중독에 의한 건강장해나 사망사고가 빈번히 발생되고 있다. 따라서 유해가스에 의한 급성중독이나 산소결핍에 의한 유해농도 규명과 재해발생시 원인규명 자료로 활용하고자 산소결핍과 유해가스 노출에 따른 사망농도 시험하고자 하였다. 특히 산소결핍 상황에서 유해가스의 영향에 대해서도 시험하였으며, 국내외에서 발생된 관련 각종 사고 사례 조사를 통하여 동종재해를 예방하고자 하였다. 자료를 조사한 결과 산소결핍 또는 유해가스 노출에 의한 사망 재해는 하절기(6-8월)에 전체의 50%가 발생하고, 업종은 건설업 40%, 장소는 맨홀 50%, 원인은 산소결핍이 가장 많았으며(40%), 기타 가스($H_2S$, CO, $N_2$, Ar 등) 및 환경적 요인(내부 온도, 바닥 물 익사)도 크게 작용하였다. 동물실험 결과 산소결핍에 의한 치사 산소농도는 5%수준이었으며 Dose-Response의 통계처리결과 과반수치사농도 $LC_{50}$(rat, 4hr)는 5.5%로 산출되었다. 또한 산소결핍(6%수준) 상황에서 다른 유해물질이 혼합 될 경우 미치는 치사농도 시험 결과 $H_2S$ 20 ppm에서 40%치사, CO는 600 ppm에서 20%치사, 톨루엔은 1,000 ppm에서도 사망 예가 증가하지 않았다. 즉, $H_2S$, CO 등은 치사농도에 민감하게 반응하는 유해물질로의 상승작용을 했다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2006

Purpose: It is not easy to detect carbon monoxide (CO) leakage, and CO-intoxicated patients do not show a specific set of symptoms. The aims of this study are to clinically evaluate patients with CO gas intoxication from a CO leak at an underground shopping center, and to discuss the establishment of a disaster prevention plan. Methods: A total of 51 patients intoxicated by CO gas exposure in a gas disaster at a underground shopping center in Seoul on September 8, 2006 were enrolled in this study, and the patients' medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The mean patient age was $29.4{\pm}6.3$. The initial mean COHb level was $14.98{\pm}6.97%$. The number of patients with COHb greater than 25% was three, and six patients experienced a syncopal attack. Only one patient-was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. However, none of the patients complained of severe neurologic or cardiovascular symptoms. Conclusion: The symptoms of CO intoxication are non-specific and difficult to define, and the detection of CO leak-age is difficult. Thus, workplaces should be equipped with leakage sensors and automatic alarm systems and should have develop disaster prevention plans.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.323-333
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• 1990

To study influence of carbonmonoxide (CO) poisoning on the content of amino acid neurotransmitter in brain, male rat was exposed to CO 5000 ppm for 30 minutes (60-75% HbCO). Aspartic acid and glutamic acid level in the cerebral cortex and aspartic acid level in the striatum were significantly decreased. GABA level in the cerebral cortex was significantly increased after the 30 and 60 minutes of CO intoxication. Taurine level in both the cerebral cortex and the striatum was increased although nonsignificant. Consequently, the CO-induced hypoxia brain showed lower level of excitatory neurotransmitter, aspartic acid and glutamic acid and higher level of inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA and taurine. These results suggest that the change in content of amino acid neurotransmitter in the rat brain may be concerned with several CO poisoning symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1972

In order to observe a possible effect of CO intoxication on the activities of surfactant, the rabbit war exposed either to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% CO gas for two to six hours or 0. 1% CO gas for two hours daily for 1, 3 and 5 days, and the lung extract was prepared. The tension-area diagram of the lung extract was recorded automatically using the modified Langmuir-wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system, and the results were compared with control (i. e. : non-CO gas exposed normal rabbits). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The maximal and minimal surface tensions, width of the tension-area diagram at the surface area of 40% in lung extract, and stability index of the normal rabbit lung extracts were $31.6{\pm}3.11\;dynes/cm,\;8.2{\pm}0.56\;dynes/cm,\;21.4{\pm}4.40dynes/cm\;and\;1.12{\pm}0.22$, respectively. 2. The activities of surfactant in the CO gas exposed group did not show any significant change from the control. 3. The above results suggest that CO gas produced no noticeable effect on the surfactant system of the lung.