• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1415-1421
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the effects of puffed-red ginseng (PRG) powder and drink on blood glucose level and serum lipid profile in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. For the experimental design, STZ-induced diabetic rats were fed PRG powder-supplemented diets (0.3%, 0.6%) and diluted drinks (0.14%, 0.28%) for 6 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose during the experimental period decreased to 18.3 mg/dL in the 0.6% PRG diet group and 15.1 mg/dL in the 0.14% PRG drink group. Average reduction rate of blood glucose in the last week compared to reference blood glucose concentration decreased by 19.2% (A group), 37.4% (B group), 18.7% (C group), and 17.3% (D group) in the PRG treatment groups, respectively. These results indicate that PRG affects blood glucose via ginseng saponins administered in diet or drinking water, thereby suggesting that PRG has the ability to prevent increasing blood glucose in mild-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.277-287
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• 2018

Pelvic floor muscle is the main sub-system that maintains urinary continence. The weakness of pelvic floor muscles causes the stress urinary incontinence, and therefore the degree of functioning of pelvic floor muscles could be used as an index to assess the degree of stress urinary incontinence. In this study, the quantitative diagnosis algorithm was proposed to estimate the degree of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) by measuring the contraction pressure of pelvic floor muscle. For these reason, the contraction pressure measurement system from pelvic floor muscle was developed, and the measuring protocol was suggested to analysis the obtained data. As the results of clinical test, the proposed diagnosis algorithm shows the 80% of accuracy, and 20% of false positive diagnosis. On the other hand, false negative results were not confirmed. Consequentially, we thought that the proposed urinary incontinence diagnosis algorithm can quantitatively diagnose the progression of the stress urinary incontinence and it can be used for the development of the incontinence diagnosis system.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.245-248
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• 2000

It was attempted to find a method to prevent greening of crushed garlic. The storage conditions and heat treatments before crushing were tested for the prevention of greening in crushed garlic. 'Namhae' garlic (sub-tropical type), 'Seosan' and 'Danyang' garlic (traditional) type for cool area) were stored in room temperature(20${\pm}5^{\circ}C$, low temperature(0$^{\circ}C$), and CA(O$_2\;3%,\;CO_2$ 5%) storage for five months, and their samples were crushed. The crushed garlic had no significant differences in greening according to the cultivars. Greening did not occur for the crushed garlic from bulbs stored either in room temperature or CA storage. Greening was the unique symptom observed in crushed garlic from bulbs stored in low temperature. For the prevention of greening, heat treatment was conducted at 40, 35 and 30$^{\circ}C$ prior to make the crushed garlic from bulbs which were stored in low temperature. The effective duration of heat treatment before crushing was 7 days at 30$^{\circ}C$, 3 days at 35$^{\circ}C$, and 1 days at 40$^{\circ}C$ Greening was most effectively prevented in 1 day at 40$^{\circ}C$ treatment. During the heat treatments, changes in enzymatic pyruvic acid content and sprouting rate were slightly observed in garlic bulbs treated at 40$^{\circ}C$ for 1 day.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Purpose: These studies were undertaken to evaluate the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects of Gamisoyo-san(GMSYS). Materials and Methods: We studied the antioxidant effects of GMSYS by assessing the DPPH free radical and the ABTS radical cation inhibition activities, the total polyphenolic contents(TPC). To evaluate the effects of GMSYS in the human neuroblastoma cells, we measured the cell viabilities in SH-SY5Y cells treated with GMSYS. Then we observed the protective effects of GMSYS against 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. To confirm the neuroprotective effects of GMSYS in the primary culture of mesencephalic dopaminergic cells, we counted the TH-immunopositive cells and measured the NO and TNF-$\alpha$ after the treatment of GMSYS and 6-OHDA. Results: The DPPH free radical and the ABTS radical cation inhibition activities were increased in a dose dependent manner and the IC50 were $133.60{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $106.20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. The TPC was 0.78%. There were no differences between the various concentrations of GMSYS and the control in the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells. The neuroprotective effects of GMSYS were shown in the co-treatment group at the low concentrations of $25{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and the post-treatment group at all concentrations. After the treatment of GMSYS and 6-OHDA in the primary culture of dopaminergic cells, the TH-immunopositive cells were significantly increased in $0.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of GMSYS than the 6-OHDA group. The NO and TNF-$\alpha$ were significantly decreased in $0.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of GMSYS than the 6-OHDA group. Conclusions: This study shows that GMSYS has the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, especially in the mesencephalic dopaminergic cells. We suggest that GMSYS could be useful for the treatment of postmenopausal depression related with the degeneration of dopamine neuron.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.567-571
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose was to assess the usefulness of midazolam in patients undergoing minor oral surgery under conscious sedation. Materials and methods: Bispectral index was examined in 20 patients receiving oral minor surgery with conscious sedation supplemented with local anesthesia. All patients included were ASA I and had no contraindications to the study medications. The patients were escorted to the day surgery operation room where, before the commencement of the sedation and surgical procedures, routine monitoring was applied, including the noninvasive monitoring of arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, and 3-lead electrocardiogram (Electrocardiogram). Bispectral index electrodes were applied on the frontotemporal region after cleansing the skin with alcohol. Bispectral index was calculated with the Electrocardiogram monitor (A-2000; Aspect Co.). Midazolam was then titrated (initially 3mg wait 2min and 2mg). Vital sign and Bispectral index checked every 5 minute until the end of the procedure. The results were then compared. Results: The Bispectral index index values throughout the sedation study period alter many level. The index was dropped at 5 minutes after administration, but raised at injection and odontomy procedure. During the operation, mean Bispectral index index was higher than conscious sedation index range($60{\sim}80$). The amnesic effect was shown 17 cases out of 20 cases(85%). Conclusion: Conscious sedation technique using midazolma is a safe and effective method of controlling behavior in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

The void ratio is an important parameter for reflecting the soil behavior including physical property, compressibility, and relative density. The void ratio can be obtained by laboratory test with extracted soil samples. However, the specimen has a possibility to be easily disturbed due to the stress relief when extracting, vibration during transportation, and error in experimental process. Thus, the theoretical equations have been suggested for obtaing the void ratio based on the elastic wave velocities. The objective of this paper is to verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical solution through the error norm. The paper covers the theoretical methods of Wood, Gassmann and Foti. The elastic wave velocity is determined by the Field Velocity Probe in the southern part of Korean Peninsular. And the rest parameters are assumed based on the reference values. The Gassmann method shows the high reliability on determining the void ratio. The error norm is also analyzed as substitution of every parameter. The results show every equation has various characteristics. Thus, this paper may be widely applied for obtaining the void ratio according to the field condition.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

Onion juices supplemented with different concentrations of puffed red ginseng extract were fermented using Pediococcus pentosaceus KC-007 and their biologically functional properties were investigated. When onion juices were supplemented with puffed red ginseng extract at the concentration of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% (v/v) each, viable cell number of lactic acid bacteria was the highest at 24 hr of fermentation in all samples. The titratable acidity increased as the fermentation proceeds irrespective of the added amount of red ginseng extract, and the pH of fermentation broth decreased until 36 hr of fermentation. The reducing sugar of fermentation broth decreased until 24 hr of fermentation and did not change thereafter. The electron donating ability and nitrite scavenging ability were highest when red ginseng extract was added at the concentration of more than 1% (w/v). The overall acceptance in sensory evaluation was the best when red ginseng extract was added at the concentration of 1% (w/v). From these results, it is confirmed that the optimum concentration of puffed red ginseng extract for the lactic acid fermentation of onion juice was 1% (w/v).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.33-45
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• 2009

The conventional single-core PBDs have been widely used in order to accelerate consolidation settlement of soft grounds. When using the single-core PBD in a thick clay deposit, a delay of consolidation may occur due to high confining pressure in the thick deposit and necking of drains. This study is to compare the performances of soil improvement by the single-core and double-core PBD installed at a site in Busan New Port which exhibits approximately a 40m-thick clay layer. An in-situ test program was performed at the test site where a set of the double-core PBDs and single-core PBDs were installed to compare the efficiency of each drain. In addition, the discharge capacity of each PBD has been measured using the modified Delft Test. A series of laboratory tests for estimating in-situ soil properties have also been performed in order to obtain input parameters for a numerical program ILLICON. The discharge capacity of the double-core PBD is higher than that of the single-core PBD in the modified Delft Test. However it is observed from the comparative in-situ test and numerical analysis that there is no difference in the performance of ground improvement between the two drain systems. This discrepancy comes from the fact that the amount of water released during consolidation in most common field conditions is much smaller than the capacity of even the single core PBD. And thus, considering actual field conditions, it can be concluded that the single-core PBD has enough discharge capacity even in the thick clay deposit such as this test site.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.192-217
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• 2008

This paper investigated the perceived criticalities and patterns of Korean Professional Engineer's competency regarding the working activities of automative product development, manufacturing, etc by using questionnaires responded to the survey which were applied to the automotive professors, experts and professional engineers (vocational parties) by e/mail, etc. This research investigated the following questions: First, what are the characteristic patterns, relevancy and perceived criticalities of Korean Professional Engineer's competencies? Second, What are the ranked priority of the Korean Professional Engineers' competencies? Are there any differency for each item, sub group of job, intelectual criterior of the competencies between relevancy and perceived criticalities according to the types of vocational parties, etc.? Accoring to the results; first, Professor group showed highest points among 3 groups per each item of the competencies by vocational parties Second, Chassis design group ranked top position among the 8 sub groups by vocational parties and, third, Problem Solving Knowledge ranked highest points than any others. Korean Professional Engineers are found to be positioned as key members, leaders and managers on surveying market, product planning, designing product & components, developing component parts, establishing shop with production equipment, managing quality control & material handling, organizing relevant meetings, developing human resources by training and learning, to back up finance with law matters, cooperating with concerned parties to achieve organizational goals, and to coordinate projects. etc, identifying ethical issues and business skills in order to survive and win to be competitive in various kinds of the automotive industry battle fields.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.409-425
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• 2021

Carbon dioxide has been known to be a typical greenhouse gas causing global warming, and a number of efforts have been proposed to reduce its concentration in the atmosphere. Among them, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) has been taken into great account to accomplish the target reduction of carbon dioxide. In order to commercialize the CCS, its safety should be secured. In particular, if the stored carbon dioxide is leaked in the arable land, serious problems could come up in terms of crop growth. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide leaked from storage sites on soil fertility. The leakage of carbon dioxide was simulated using the facility of its artificial injection into soils in the laboratory. Several soil chemical properties, such as pH, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, the concentrations of exchangeable cations, nitrogen (N) (total-N, nitrate-N, and ammonia-N), phosphorus (P) (total-P and available-P), sulfur (S) (total-S and available-S), available-boron (B), and the contents of soil organic matter, were monitored as indicators of soil fertility during the period of artificial injection of carbon dioxide. Two kinds of soils, such as non-cultivated and cultivated soils, were compared in the artificial injection tests, and the latter included maize- and soybean-cultivated soils. The non-cultivated soil (NCS) was sandy soil of 42.6% porosity, the maize-cultivated soil (MCS) and soybean-cultivated soil (SCS) were loamy sand having 46.8% and 48.0% of porosities, respectively. The artificial injection facility had six columns: one was for the control without carbon dioxide injection, and the other five columns were used for the injections tests. Total injection periods for NCS and MCS/SCS were 60 and 70 days, respectively, and artificial rainfall events were simulated using one pore volume after the 12-day injection for the NCS and the 14-day injection for the MCS/SCS. After each rainfall event, the soil fertility indicators were measured for soil and leachate solution, and they were compared before and after the injection of carbon dioxide. The results indicate that the residual concentrations of exchangeable cations, total-N, total-P, the content of soil organic matter, and electrical conductivity were not likely to be affected by the injection of carbon dioxide. However, the residual concentrations of nitrate-N, ammonia-N, available-P, available-S, and available-B tended to decrease after the carbon dioxide injection, indicating that soil fertility might be reduced. Meanwhile, soil pH did not seem to be influenced due to the buffering capacity of soils, but it is speculated that a long-term leakage of carbon dioxide might bring about soil acidification.