• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.575-584
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• 2016

Purpose: Nurungji is a traditional Korean food made by yellowish scorched rice. After getting gelatinization of rice, a thin crust of scorched rice will usually be left in the bottom of the traditional cooking pot. In this study, physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of five commercial nurungji products (CNP1, CNP2, CNP3, CNP4, and CNP5) were evaluated. Methods: Physicochemical properties of the five commercial nurungji products were evaluated with AOAC method. The antioxidant activities were assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benozothia zoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and reducing power assays. Results: Water content was the highest in CNP3, followed by CNP1, CNP2, CNP5, and CNP4. Crude ash content of all nurungji was less than 1%. In Hunter color parameter, the significantly highest a value (redness) and b value (yellowness) were measured in the CNP4 product, meanwhile the lowest in CNP3 (p<0.05). The nurungji products of CNP4 and CNP5 had the significantly higher content in total polyphenols and total flavonoids, compared to those of other products. CNP3 and CNP2 had the lowest in total polyphenols and total flavonoids, respectively. CNP4 and CNP5 products showed the significantly higher values in antioxidant activities, whereas CNP3 had the lowest activity. Conclusion: The high value of antioxidant activities in CNP4 and CNP5 might have been affected primarily by the total polyphenols with increasing browning color during the heat treatment.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.618-624
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• 2008

브로일러에서 계피의 첨가급여가 브로일러의 성장능력, 혈액지질, 도체특성, 닭고기의 품질특성 및 계피맛, 향과 관련한 닭고기의 맛에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 병아리는 CNP를 함유하지 않은 대조구, CNP 2.0%, CNP 3.0%, CNP 4.0% 및 CNP 5.0% 첨가구로 구분하였다. 브로일러의 사료섭취량, 사료효율은 대조구와 비교할 때 처리구간 차이가 없었으나 체중은 CNP 3% 이상으로 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라서 유의적인 개선을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 혈액의 중성지방, HDL-C는 대조구에 비해서 CNP 첨가수준이 높아질수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으나, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-C는 뚜렷하게 감소하였으며 각 처리구간 통계적 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 도체율은 CNP 첨가구가 대조구에 비해서 높았고, 닭 다리살은 CNP 3.0% 이상에서 증가하였으며, 닭 가슴살은 CNP 2.0%와 4.0% 첨가구가 높은 경향이었다(p<0.05). 닭 가슴살의 pH는 대조구와 비교하여 유의차가 없었으나, 보수력은 CNP 4% 이상 첨가수준이 높아질수록 증가하였고, TBARS는 CNP 3% 이상 첨가수준이 높아질수록 유의적으로 낮아졌다(p<0.05). 닭 가슴살의 육색은 CNP 첨가수준이 3% 이상 증가할수록 대조구에 비해서 더욱 밝은 색을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 닭 다리살 튀김과 삶은 닭 가슴살에서 계피와 관련한 맛, 향에 대한 관능평가 성적은 대조구와 비교할 때 CNP 첨가수준이 높아질수록 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 실험에서 나타난 중요한 점은 브로일러 사료에 계피를 첨가 급여해줌으로써 닭고기의 도체특성과 맛을 개선할 수 있다는 사실이었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2008

Calcineurin (Cn) is a serine/threonine phosphatase implicated in a wide variety of biological responses. To identify proteins that mediate Cn signaling pathway effects, we used yeast two-hybrid assays to screen for Cn interacting proteins, discovering a protein encoded by the gene, cnp-2 (Y46G5A.10). Utilizing serially deleted forms of Cn as baits, we demonstrated that the catalytic domain of Cn (TAX-6) binds with CNP-2, and this physical interaction was able to be reconstituted in vitro, supporting our yeast two-hybrid results. cnp-2 is a nematode-specific novel gene found in C. elegans as well as its closest relative, C. briggsae. CNP-2 was strongly expressed in the intestine of C. elegans. To study the function of cnp-2, we performed cnp-2 RNAi knock-down and characterized phenotypes associated with Cn mutants. However, no gross defects were revealed in these RNAi experiments. CNP-2 was proven to be a Cn binding protein; however, its role remains to be elucidated.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.141-145
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• 1982

IAA의 종자침지처리(種子浸漬處理)에 의하여 수도(水稻)에 대한 CNP와 Butachlor의 약해(藥害)를 경감(輕減)시킬 수 있는 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 담수직파(湛水直播)와 건답직파조건(乾畓直播條件)에서 기초실험(基礎實驗)을 수행(遂行)하였다. 1. 담수직파조건(湛水直播條件)에서 IAA 0.1, 1.0, 10.0ppm 에 수도종자(水稻種子)를 침지처리(浸漬處理)하므로써 CNP와 Butachlor에 의한 수도피해(水稻被害)의 경감효과(輕減効果)가 나타남에 따라 수도(水稻)의 초장(草長) 및 건물중(乾物重)은 IAA 무처리(無處理)에 비하여 현저히 증가(增加)되었다. 2. 건답직파조건(乾畓直播條件)에서는 IAA 0.1, 1.0ppm에 수도종자(水稻種子)를 침지처리(浸漬處理)하므로써 수도(水稻)에 대한 CNP와 Butachlor의 피해(被害)는 크게 경감(輕減)되었다. 3. 담수조건(湛水條件)에서 Butachlor를 처리(處理)하거나 건답직파조건(乾畓直播條件)에서 CNP를 처리(處理)한 경우에 IAA의 약해경감효과(藥害輕減効果)는 더욱 현저한 경향(傾向)이었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2020

본 연구는 세륨옥사이드나노입자(CNP)를 함유한 치면열구전색재를 제조하고 기계적 특성을 평가하고자 하였다. CNP를 상업용 Concise^TM 치면열구전색재에 0-4.0 wt% 혼합하고 비커스경도(2 × 10 mm)와 굽힙강도(2 × 2 × 25 mm) 시편을 제작 후 37℃ 수중에서 1. 7. 14일 보관하였다. 재료시험기(Instron, 3344)로 분당 1 mm/min 속도로 평가하였다. 결과는 일원배치 분산분석과 Duncan사후검정으로 실시하였다(p<0.05). 실험결과 굽힘강도와 탄성계수는 다소 차이를 보이긴 하였지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 비커스경도는 CNP첨가한 실험군에서 통계적 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<0.05). 위의 결과는 CNP를 첨가한 치면열구전색재의 기계적 성질 향상을 위한 잠재성이 있음을 입증한 것이라 사료된다. 향후 CNP의 첨가양에 따른 효율성과 폭 넓은 임상 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2016

We propose nano-scale Cu direct bonding technology using ultra-high density Cu nano-pillar (CNP) with for high stacking yield exascale 2.5D/3D integration. We clarified the joining mechanism of nano-scale Cu direct bonding using CNP. Nano-scale Cu pillar easily bond with Cu electrode by re-crystallization of CNP due to the solid phase diffusion and by morphology change of CNP to minimize interfacial energy at relatively lower temperature and pressure compared to conventional micro-scale Cu direct bonding. We confirmed for the first time that 4.3 million electrodes per die are successfully connected in series with the joining yield of 100%. The joining resistance of CNP bundle with $80{\mu}m$ height is around 30 m for each pair of $10{\mu}m$ dia. electrode. Capacitance value of CNP bundle with $3{\mu}m$ length and $80{\mu}m$ height is around 0.6fF. Eye-diagram pattern shows no degradation even at 10Gbps data rate after the lamination of anisotropic conductive film.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2001

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) a prototype of the highly toxid halogenated arylhydrocarbons, bioaccumulates in the food chain and induces a complex spectrum of pathological responses. However, its effect on the nerve system is relatively not well studied. In this study we evaluated TCDDs cytotoxicity on the cortical cell and investigated its effect on the expression 2,3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphodiesterase(CNPase), a marker for oilgodendrocytes, The survival rates of 4 DIV cortical cells, that are dissociated from E18 rat cortex and maintained in the presence of TCDD, were 88.8, 83.6, 78.5, and 78.6%(5,10, 20 and 50 nM, respectively) where the reduction in 20 and 50mM TCDD were statistically very significant(p<0.01). Imunocytochemistry of cultured cells revealed that the intensities of immunostaining with an anti-CNP1&2 antibody depended on the concentrations of the toxin. Immunoblot analysis also showed differential expression of CNP1 and CNP2 in the presence of TCDD; the CNP1 expression was dose-dependently decreased. Interestingly, the expression of CNP2 in the presence if TDCC; the CNP1 expression was dose-dependently decreased. Interestingly, the expression of CNP2 fluctuated with the TCDD concentration. These results indicated that CNP1 and 2 are differentially regulated by TCDD, implying the functions of oligodendrocytes are modulated by the toxin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2007

The present study was designed to establish comparatively the inhibitory effects of cilnidipine(CNP), nifedipine(NIF), and $\omega$-conotoxin GVIA(CTX) on the release of CA evoked by cholinergic stimulation and membrane depolarization from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal medulla. CNP(3 ${\mu}M$), NIF(3 ${\mu}M$), and CTX(3 ${\mu}M$) perfused into an adrenal vein for 60 min produced greatly inhibition in CA secretory responses evoked by ACh($5.32{\times}10^{-3}M$), DMPP($10^{-4}M$ for 2 min), McN-A-343($10^{-4}M$ for 2 min), high $K^+(5.6{\times}10^{-2}M)$, Bay-K-8644($10^{-5}M$), and cyclopiazonic acid($10^{-5}M$), respectively. For the CA release evoked by ACh and Bay-K-8644, the following rank order of potency was obtained: CNP>NIF>CTX. The rank order for the CA release evoked by McN-A-343 and cyclopiazonic acid was CNP>NIF>CTX. Also, the rank orders for high $K^+$ and for DMPP were NIF>CTX>CNP and NIF>CNP>CTX, respectively. Taken together, these results demonstrate that all voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels(VDCCs) blockers of cilnidipine, nifedipine, and $\omega$-conotoxin GVIA inhibit greatly the CA release evoked by stimulation of cholinergic(both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors and the membrane depolarization without affecting the basal release from the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland. It seems likely that the inhibitory effects of cilnidipine, nifedipine, and $\omega$-conotoxin GVIA are mediated by the blockade of both L- and N-type, L-type only, and N-type only VDCCs located on the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, respectively, which are relevant to $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization. It is also suggested that N-type VDCCs play an important role in the rat adrenomedullary CA secretion, in addition to L-type VDCCs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.321-335
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of photo-crosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa) hydrogel containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CNp) when applying different fabrication methods for bone regeneration. Methods: Four circular defects were created in the calvaria of 10 rabbits. Each defect was randomly allocated to the following study groups: 1) the sham control group, 2) the GelMa group (defect filled with crosslinked GelMa hydrogel), 3) the CNp-GelMa group (GelMa hydrogel crosslinked with nanoparticles), and 4) the CNp+GelMa group (crosslinked GelMa loaded with nanoparticles). At 2, 4, and 8 weeks, samples were harvested, and histological and micro-computed tomography analyses were performed. Results: Histomorphometric analysis showed that the CNp-GelMa and CNp+GelMa groups at 2 weeks had significantly greater total augmented areas than the control group (P<0.05). The greatest new bone area was observed in the CNp-GelMa group, but without statistical significance (P>0.05). Crosslinked GelMa hydrogel with nanoparticles exhibited good biocompatibility with a minimal inflammatory reaction. Conclusions: There was no difference in the efficacy of bone regeneration according to the synthesized method of photo-crosslinked GelMa hydrogel with nanoparticles. However, these materials could remain within a bone defect up to 2 weeks and showed good biocompatibility with little inflammatory response. Further improvement in mechanical properties and resistance to enzymatic degradation would be needed for the clinical application.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Background: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is associated with weakness in the deep neck flexor muscles, a shortening of the neck extensors, and a reduction in endurance. In addition, muscle imbalance can lead to neck pain and musculoskeletal dysfunction. This study compared neck extensor muscle fatigue, muscle strength, and muscle endurance time between patients with CNP and healthy adults during isometric neck extension. Methods: Thirty participants (15 patients with CNP and 15 healthy adults) were recruited in this research. The outcome measures included splenius capitis (SC) muscle fatigue, isometric neck extensor strength, and muscle endurance. The independent T-test was used to compare the continuous dependent variables between the CNP group and the healthy group. Results: The independent T-test indicated that muscle fatigue in the left SC differed significantly between the CNP group and the healthy group. A significant difference was also noted in the isometric neck extensor and neck extensor strength between the groups. Conclusion: Our results provided promising clinical evidence that patients with CLP have reduced neck extensor strength and endurance and increased SC muscle fatigue, which results in neck pain.