• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of charcoal on germination and early growth of barley sprouts. Five treatments were employed based on different amount and treatment method along with control. Barley seeds were soaked in water for 8 hours. Two types of topping treatment were applied such as, charcoal: 100 g (designated as T1) and charcoal: 200 g (T2). Three kinds of mixing treatment were as follows: barley seeds were mixed with 100g of charcoal (designated as M1), with 200g of charcoal (M2), and with 300g of charcoal(M3). The control did not have any charcoal. In our finding, germination rates were observed 53.3% (control), 26.3%(T1), 36.3%(T2), 67.3%(M1), 81.7%(M2), and 79.7%(M3) at three days after inoculation (DAI). Length of radicle was found at 0.90 cm (control), 0.88 cm (T1), 0.99 cm (T2), 1.03cm (M1), 1.66 cm (M2), and 0.70 cm (M3) in 3 DAI. In addition, sprout length was found 4.5 cm (control), 10.4 cm (T1), 11.9 cm (T2), 5.7 cm (M1), 6.3 cm (M2), and 2.1 cm (M3) in 14 DAI. Fresh weight of sprouts were 0.78g (control), 1.03g (T1), 1.07g (T2), 0.96g (M1), 1.07g (M2), and 0.95g (M3). Among the treatment, topping of seeds on 200g of charcoal (T2) showed longest sprout length and fresh weight. Mixing treatments showed higher germination rates and sprout fresh weight. The results may be attributed to difference in micro-climate conditions (mostly temperature and humidity) in the growth boxes in different treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.520-526
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• 1987

A new series of $dioxo-di-\mu-oxo-dimolybdate(V)$, has been prepared by reaction of pyridinum oxoisothiocyantomolybdate (V) with iminodiacetic acid derivatives containing amine carboxyl groups. The properties and possible molecular structure of these complexes were discussed by elemental analysis, spectroscopic studies and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The infrared spectra of these complexes all show two strong $Mo=O_t$ stretching bands in the 900∼$980cm^{-1}$, $MoO_2Mo$ very prominent strectching bands at around 410~425 and 735~$750cm^{-1}$ to symmetrical and asymmetrical O-bridge stretching, a coordinated $coo^-$ asymmetrical band in the 1585∼$1,640cm^{-1}$. Also, d-d transition of molybdenyl complexes corresponding to $^2B_2{\to}^2B_1$ occured in the 24,800~$28,000cm^{-1}$ region, charge transfer transition corresponding to ligand-to-molybdenum in the 32,500~33,800, 42,000~$47,500cm^{-1}$ region. The complexes synthesized were yellow or orange and diamagnetic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1107-1115
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• 1996

An investigation made of the easing contraction ratio according to sewing condition (seam line; wp, wf, 45$^{\circ}$ bias, stitch density; 13 stitch/cm (0.8 mm), 9 stitch/cm (1.1 mm), 6.5 stitch/ cm (1.5 mm), 5 stitch/cm (2 mm), 4 stitch/cm (2.5 mm), thread; sp 60$^{\circ}$s/2, sp 60$^{\circ}$s/3, st 60$^{\circ}$s/3, st 50$^{\circ}$s/3)) by lockstitch industrial sewing machine with shirring foot. The correlations of the easing and sewing conditions were by SPSS PC), and visual test was done by enlarged photo. The results obstained were as follows:. 1. The easing contraction ratio is increased in proportion to the low of stitch density. 2. The easing contraction ratio of wp, 45$^{\circ}$ bias is correlated with stitch density, and that of wf be with stitch density, elongation & weight. 3. The easing contraction ratio of 13 stitch/cm (0.8 mm), 9 stitch/cm (1.1 mm), 6.5 stitch/ cm (1.5 mm), 5 stitch/cm (2.0 mm) is correlated with flexible rigidity, and that of 4 stitch/ cm (2.5 mm) be with flexible rigidity and crease-resistance. 4. As a results of SPSS PC+ statistics, the easing contraction ratio is statistically correlated to the seam line, stitch density, upper thread tension, and fabric characteristics. 5. As a results of visual test by the enlarged photo, the limit of stitch density for easing contraction was 5 stitch/cm (2.0 mm).

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.16-26
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate effects of Cordyceps militaris(CM) on osteoclast differentiation and its related gene expression. Methods: We used mouse myeloid cells RAW 264.7 stimulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL) to induce osteoclast differentiation. There are four groups of which RAW 264.7 cells are not stimulated by RANKL (Normal), stimulated by RANKL without CM(Control), stimulated by RANKL with 0.1 ${\mu}g/ml$ of CM(CM 0.1), stimulated by RANKL with 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ of CM(CM 1). Osteoclastogenesis was measured by counting Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells [TRAP(+) MNC]. RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of CM on gene expression(TRAP, AKT1, JNK1, NFATc1, c-Fos, MITF). Results: 1. CM decreased the number of TRAP(+) osteoclast in RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell at the concentration of 0.1 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1 ${\mu}g/ml$. 2. CM decreased the expression of TRAP in osteoclast at the concentration of 1 ${\mu}g/ml$. 3. CM decreased the expression of AKT1, JNK1 in osteoclast at the concentration of 1 ${\mu}g/ml$. 4. CM didn't affect the expression of NFATc1, c-Fos, MITF in osteoclast. Conclusions: Cordyceps militaris has inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and its related gene expression. These results suggest that Cordyceps militaris has a potential as a treatment of osteoporosis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.275-280
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• 1988

The high resolution IR spectra of freon-12($CF_2Cl_2$) for the bands of 671cm$^{-1},\;922cm^{-1},\;1102cm^{-1},\;and\;1160cm^{-1}$ were taken and the rotational vibrational analysis has been carried out. The band types of $671cm^{-1}\;and\;1102cm^{-1}$ were confirmed to be A and those of $922cm^{-1}\;and\;1160cm^{-1}$ were confirmed to be B. The theoretically synthesized spectra were matched with the experimentally obtained spectra to get some informations of the molecular rotational behavior as well as the overall band shape of the spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.364-372
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• 2003

In this study, the characteristics of catechol tannin and pyrogallol tannin contained in Pteridium aquilinum were analysed by It spectrum. Silk fabrics were dyed with Pteridium aquilinum extracts using various mordants, and their dyeing properties were discussed. Additionally the fastness the water digestion, perspiration liquid digestion and light irradiation were investigated. IR spectrum of catechol tannin showed bands of O-H at $3417cm^{-1}$, C-H at $2930cm^{-1}$, C=0 at $1722cm^{-1}$, C=C at $1644cm^{-1},\;CH_2\;at\;1402cm^{-1}$. And IR spectrum of pyrogallol tannin showed bands of O-H at $3409cm^{-1}$, C-H at $3003cm^{-1}\;and\;2933cm^{-11}$, C=0 at $1701cm^{-1}$, C=C at $1582cm^{-11},\;CH_2\;at\;1410cm^{-1}$, CO at carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid ester at $1287cm^{-1}\;and\;1135cm^{-1}$. The maximum absorption wavelength of the extracts appeared at 270.0nm and 311.5nm. The optimum conditions for dyeing silk fabric with Pteridium aquilinum extracts were $80^{\circ}C$, 60min. Surface color of the silk fabric dyed with Pteridium aquilinum extracts was 2.7Y Surface color of the pre-mordanted fabrics with Al, Cu and Fe were 4.3Y, 2.5Y and 4.7Y, respectively. And Surface color of the post-mordanted fabrics with Al, Cu and Fe were 3.7Y, 2.8Y and 0.2GY. The water fastness and the alkaline perspiration fastness were improved in the Al-mordanted silk fabrics. By acidic and alkaline perspiration treatment, ${\Delta}E of the unmordanted fabrics was lower than hat of pre- and post- mordanted fabrics. Also after 40hour irradiation, ${\Delta}E of the unmordanted fabrics was lower than that of pre- and post- mordanted fabrics.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.9
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• pp.7-13
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• 1969

This experiment was carried out to know how to cut of the mulberry branches, formed by multi-stemmed pruning, which is together with the correlation between the leaf yield and total length, total diameter, or total length X total diameter of branches. The results are as follows: 1. In case of spring pruring, cutting off 5 cm high uniformly, cutting off thick one 10 cm high and cutting off slender one 5 cm high were best. 2. In case of summer pruning, cutting off upper part one 5 cm high and cutting off lower part one 10 cm high, cutting off thick one 10 cm high, slender one 5 cm high, 5 cm high uniformly were best. 3. As the result of this experiment, cutting off all the branches 5 cm high uniformly was available.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the concentration of nutrient solution on the growth of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. seokwang) in substrate culture. The substrates used in the experiment were perlite, vermiculite, and peatmoss. Tomato plants were treated with different concentrations of nutrient solution, viz. 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0mS/cm at seedling stage and transferred to different treatments, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0mS/cm after transplanting in each substrate. As the concentrations of nutrient solution increased from 0.5 to 3.0mS/cm at seedling stage, the $CO_2$ assimilation rates of seedlings increased in all three substrate culture. Beyond this range, the $CO_2$ assimilation rates of seedlings decreased. By increasing the concentrations of nutrient solution, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and top dry weight increased in perlite and were high at 2-5mS/cm in vermiculite. On the other hand, in peatmoss, the best result was shown at 3.0mS/cm. Therefore, the adequate concentration of nutrient solution on early growth of seedlings differed among substrates and was shown to be 3.0-5.0mS/cm in perlite, 2.0-5.0mS/cm in vermiculite, and 3.0mS/cm in peatmoss. Generally, as the concentrations of nutrient solution increased from 1.0 to 3.0mS/cm after transplanting, dry weight increased significantly in all three substrate culture. However, dry weights of tomato plants grown under high concentration of 5.0mS/cm slightly increased both at seedling stage and after transplanting.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 1997

In this study, the PVDF organic thin films were fabricated by thermal evaporation deposition which is one of the dry-processing methods. The distance from heat source to substrate was 5 cm. The substrate temperature was maintained at $30 ^{\circ}C$ during deposition. The working pressure was about $2.0\times10^{-5}$Torr and the temperature of heat source was increased at the rate of 6 to $8^{\circ}C$/min. At $270^{\circ}C$, the shutter was opened and the deposition of PVDF has stared. As the electrical field intensity increased, $\alpha$ peaks such $530\textrm{cm}^{-1},795\textrm{cm}^{-1},1182\textrm{cm}^{-1}$ decreased, and $\beta$ peaks such as $510\textrm{cm}^{-1},1273\textrm{cm}^{-1}$ increased. The intensity of $530\textrm{cm}^{-1}$ peak was stronger than that of $510\textrm{cm}^{-1}$ peak velow the 71.4 kV/cm, intensity of electrical field. This result showed the characteristic of film mainly due to $\alpha$-mode. According to these results, the molecular structure of PVDF thin film is transformed from $\alpha$-mode with TGT or TG'T to $\beta$-mode with planar zigzag structure TT, as increasing of intensity of electrical field.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2015

This study was conducted to serve as a basis for establishing a stable production of proso millet on the rotational paddy-upland field by looking out the physicochemical and moisture characteristics of soil and the growth characteristics of proso millet by ridge width. Plant height showed Manhongchal was the smallest 71.3 cm in 240 cm wide of ridge in the first year, Ibeakchal was the highest 69.7 cm in 60 cm wide in the second year, Hwanggeumchal was the highest 72.8 cm in 60 cm wide in the first year. The retention time of the excess water in the soil during cultivation was extended wider the width of ridge. The variation width of the water content was higher by the wider the width of ridge. Yield components showed the longest ear length were 35.1 cm of Manhongchal, 34.8 cm of Ibeakchal in 60 cm wide of ridge in the first year. As the width of ridge extended, ear weight of all variety increased. 1,000 seed weight of the 60 cm wide of ridge was Manhongchal 6.8%, Ibeakchal 46.2% heavier than the 240 cm wide of ridge. Yield showed Manhongchal 221, Ibeakchal 223, Hwanggeumchal $225kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ in 60 cm wide of ridge in the first year. The similar pattern of amount showed Manhongchal 278, Ibeakchal 221, Hwanggeumchal $200kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ in 60 cm wide of ridge in the second year. This showed Manhongchal 103%, Ibeakchal 119%, Hwanggeumchal 85.2% was more than the 240 cm wide of ridge.