• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.398-402
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• 2004

Safrolechitosan (SaCs) and eugenolchitosan (EuCs) were synthesized and characterized to increase water solubility and functionality of chitosan. Product impurities were removed by Soxhlet apparatus using methanol to obtain final product with high purity. Using Ubbelohde viscometer, molecular weights of chitosan, EuCs, and SaCs were determined as $1.2{\times}10^{5}\;Da,\;7.8{\times}10^{5},\;and\;7.5{\times}10^{5}\;Da,\;respectively$. IR spectrum of SaCs revealed chemical shift of amide II band ($1,553cm^{-1}$) of chitosan grafted by safrole caused by generation of covalent bond between primary amino of chitosan and double bond of safrole. Due to graft reaction of safrole onto chitosan, vinyl bands ($1,611\;and\;1,442cm^{-1}$) of safrole disappeared. In graft reaction of eugenol onto chitosan, shift of amide II band ($1,553cm^{-1}$) and disappearance of vinyl band were observed. On $^{1}H-NMR$ spectrum of EuCs, $H_{2}C=CH-$ peak in eugenol (monomer) disappeared, whereas $-H_{2}C-CH_{2}-$ peak appeared. Above results indicate safrole and eugenol were successfully grafted onto chitosan.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2005

A standard $1\%$ w/v solution of CM-chitosan made from squid pen was added to milk at levels of $0.5\sim3\%$ (v/v) to improve the yield and rheological properties of cottage cheese by whey protein retention. Cheese curd did not form at levels higher than $3\%$ (v/v) CM-chitosan standard solution. Yield and total protein of cottage cheese increased up to $2\%\;by\;11\;to\;42\%\;and\;17\;to\;38\%$ respectively, compared to control cheese. Whey protein losses were decreased by 11 to $42\%$ and thus accounted for all of the increase in yield. Anomalous results were obtained at the $0.8\%$ level, which neither improved yield or whey protein retention nor stabilized rheological parameters, and at the $0.5\%$ level, which improved yield and total protein without increasing whey protein retention. Elasticity and cohesiveness of CM-chitosan-containing cheese were generally improved and stabilized during storage. Monitoring of cheese chromaticity values for four weeks revealed a delay in the onset of yellowing in cheeses with CM-chitosan compared to the controls, while the concentration of added CM-chitosan had little influence on cheese chromaticity. The addition of CM-chitosan solution could be applied directly to industrial scale cottage cheese-making without the need for any modification of the production process.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2006

This study was initiated to investigate the effect of chitosan on creeping bentgrass growth. Chitosan was applied several times in dilution of 300, 500 and 800 times at ten-day intervals after transplanting. Such growth characteristics as leaf length, root length, numbers of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight and chlorophyll content were observed. Treatment of 500 times diluted chitosan resulted in the longest root length, being 31.5cm while the control the shortest root of 25.1cm. Leaf numbers were 27.9 and 45.5, respectively for the control and the 300 times treatment. The highest chlorophyll content was associated with treatment of 300 times diluted chitosan and the lowest one with the control, resulting in 11.9 and $18.4mg/100cm^2$, respectively. We found that leaf number, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight were higher in the treatment of 500 times than the other treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1224-1229
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• 2004

The blend films of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) with chitosan were prepared and water vapor transmission rate, oxygen permeability and lipid permeability of the PHB/chitosan films were measured. Additionally, the biodegradability of the PHB/chitosan films was also evaluated. Water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability of the films decreased by the addition of chitosan. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, plasticizer), however, increased the water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability of the films. In the evaluation of lipid permeability, all the films except PHB (the film made of only PHB) and PHB-P (the film made of PHB and PEG) did not permeate beef tallow for 24 hours. The consumed oxygen for PHB/chitosan films during incubation was greater than that for the control on the biodegradability determination of the films, which implies that PHB/chitosan films were degraded by the microorganisms. The higher PHB ratio of the films was, the faster biodegradation of the films occurred.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2007

This study was initiated to investigate the effect of chitosan on Kentucky bluegrass growth. Chitosan was applied rates of 300, 500, and 800 times dilution at ten-day intervals after transplanting. We observed such growth characteristics asleaf length, root length, numbers of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Treatment of 300 X diluted chitosan resulted in the longest leaf length of 26.2cm comparing with the 17.1cm average leaf length of control. Leaf numbers were 21.4 and 31.7 for the control and the 500 X dilution treatment. The root length in control was 16.8cm while the treatment of 500 X diluted chitosan increased root length to 27.4cm. Chlorophyll content resulted 19.9mg/$100cm^2$ for the control and 25.5mg/$100cm^2$ for the treatment of 300 X diluted chitosan. In general, we found that the treatment of 500 X diluted chitosan resulted higher leaf number, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.341-344
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the wound contraction of chitosan, aloe vera, fucidin natrium, and premycin ointment on defected wound from full-thickness skin defects(1 cm $\times$ 1 cm). Twelve dogs were designed in 5 different positions on the dorsal thoracolumbar. We examined the effects of wound contraction every four other day 16 for days. Percentage of wound contraction based on epitherial overall area of defected wound which calculated by image analyzer and computer. Four to 8 days after wound contraction in wound defected dogs, the epithelial overall rate were the most high presented by 48.1 % in the chitosan group and were the lowest by 26.8% in the premycin group. In 16 days, chitosan group were the most heigh presented by 94.4% and premycin group were the lowest by 76.5% compare to saline group of 85.9%. Thus, we conclude that the chitosan is a possible role for improvement of wound contraction by wound defected dogs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.563-569
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• 2001

In order to utilize the processing wastes of squid, chitosan was prepared by intermittent deacetylation treaoent of $\beta-chitin$ contained richly in the pen of squid. Acetylchitosan also was synthesized from squid pen chitosan with anhydrous acetic acid and their characteristics were investigated. The amounts of nitrogen and ash of squid pen chitosan were $5.80.2\% and 0.2\pm0.03\%$ respectively, the yield of squid pen chitosan was $25\pm3\%$, the degree of deacetylation was $92\%$, and the molecular weight was $1.15\times10^6$, Acetyl contents of N-acetylchitosan powder, acetylchitosan bead, N-ACF-1 (N-acetylchitosan film-1) and N-ACF-2 (N-acetylchitosan film-2) were $55.9\%, 63.2\%, 56\% and 58.7\%$ respectively. Two major peaks, amide I ($1,653 cm^{-1}$) and II ($1,558 cm^{-1}$) bent, on FT-IR spectra of the N-acetylchitosan from squid pen were almost similar to these of $\beta-chitin$, While there was a broad single peak at $1,601 cm^{-1}$assigned to be an amide I bend in squid pen chitosan. The CP/MAS NMR spectra of $\beta-chitin$, squid pen chitosan and N-acetylchitosan from squid pen showed a relative broad and single peak at 74 ppm assigned to fifth carbon (C-5) and third carbon (C-3). In case of $\beta-chitin$ and N-acetylchitosan from squid pen, single peak at 74 ppm was showed as the same of $\beta-chitin$ type.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.418-424
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• 2013

The PDMS-chitosan composite membranes were prepared by addition of 0.02~0.60 wt% chitosan to PDMS. In order to investigate the characteristics of these membranes, we used the analytical methods such as SEM and TGA. Gas permeation experiments was performed in $30^{\circ}C$, $4kg/cm^2$, the permeability and selectivity of $H_2$ and $N_2$ according to content change in composite membrane were investigated. The permeability of $H_2$ and $N_2$ for the PDMS-chitosan composite membranes increased when 0~0.20 wt% chitosan was added, and then decreased at higher wt% as chitosan content increased. The selectivity ($H_2/N_2$) of PDMS-chitosan composite membranes decreased when 0~0.20 wt% chitosan was added, and then increased as chitosan content increased. In the case of PDMS-chitosan in which chitosan was inserted to PDMS, thermal stability of PDMS was enhanced. Based on SEM observation, as the chitosan content within PDMS increased, the surface of the composite membranes became coarse and began to form holes.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.356-360
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• 2000

In order to utilize the processing wastes of squid, chitosan was prepared by intermittent deacetylation treatment of ${\beta}-chitin$ richly contained in the pen of squid, and then their characteristics of chitosan and N-acetylchitosan film were studied. The acetylation time of N-acetylchitosan film-1 (N-ACE-1) manufactured from chitosan solution by treating with acetic anhydride was about 12 hrs. In SEM photomicrographs, the surface of chitosan film was regularly arranged netlike, and that of N-acetylchitosan film-2 (N-ACE-2) was rough like snowflake and larger than chitosan film. The chitosan film (thickness 0.02 mm, time 60 min) had the highest tensile strength ($1,240 kg/cm^2$) and elongation ($58.25{\%}$), N-ACP-1 (thickness 0.02 mm, time 60 min) had the highest water permeability ($539 g/m^2{\cdot}24 hrs$), oxygen permeability ($20,000 cm^3/m^2{\cdot}24 hrs{\cdot}atm$) and water uptake ($350{\%}$) among the tested films.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 1993

The permeation of insulin was conducted through glucose oxidase(GOD) immobilized composite membrane composed of poly(vinyl akohol)/chitosan blend and porous polyamide membrane. The permeation coefficient of insulin through GOD-immobilized membrane was in the order of $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-7}\textrm{cm}^3cm/\textrm{cm}^2sec$. The sensitivity of the composite membrane to the glucose concentration was high in a low glucose concentration resulting from the oxygen depletion from the membrane. The permeation of insulin through composite membrane made of PVA/chitosan and porous polyamide membrane was changed by pH and glucose concentration. The permeability was progressively increasing with the glucose concentration at least up to 500mg%.