• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1534-1544
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• 2021

Purpose To examine the effect of lung volume on the size and volume of pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) measured on CT. Materials and Methods A total of 42 SSNs from 31 patients were included. CT examination was first performed at total lung capacity (TLC), and a section containing the nodule was additionally scanned at tidal volume (TV). The diameter and volume of each SSN, as well as the cross-sectional lung area containing the nodule, were measured. The significance of the changes in measurements between TLC and TV within the same individuals was evaluated. Results The lung area and the diameter and volume of SSNs decreased significantly at TV by 12.7 cm², 0.5 mm, and 46.4 mm³ on average, respectively (p < 0.001), compared to those at TLC. Changes in lung area between TV and TLC were positively correlated with the change in SSN diameter (p = 0.027) and volume (p = 0.014). However, after correction (by considering the change in lung area), the changes in SSN diameter (p = 0.124) and volume (p = 0.062) were not significantly different. Conclusion SSN size and volume can be significantly affected by lung volume during CT scans of the same individuals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.139-153
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• 1996

Porcine E coli infection is a disease caused by Enterotoxin produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC). Enteric colibacillosis has become an economically important disease in pigs as a result of increasing intensification of farrowing management. The present study undertaken to obtain the antibiotic sensitivity and distribution of serogroups and pili producibility test of ETEC from E. coli isolates in Chonnam. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A total of 71 isolates identified as E, coli employing IMViC system from rectal specimens of 54 piglets with diarrhea. 2. In antibiotic sensitivity test, isolates showed high sensitivity to AN, CM, Fox, GM, but resistance to EM, NA TC. 3. The distribution of 25 Isolates of serogroups were 0141:K85(11.3%), 08:K87(8.5%), 064:K (5.6%), 0138:K8l (4.2%), 0139 :K82(2.8%), 0157:K88ac(1.4%) and 0149:K9l (1.4%). 4. MRHA of guinea pig erythrocytes was detected in 8 out of 25OK serotypes and 9 out of 46 unidentified serotypes. MRHA titers of serotypes showed from 64 to 128 in 0141: K85, 2 in 0138:K8l and no titers in 0139:K82. 5. The production of heat labile enterotoxin of ETEC was detect 39 out of 52 isolates showed $\beta$-hemolysin, 7 out of 52 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin and 6 out of 52 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin by $GM_1$ganglioside ELISA. The distribution of LT toxin were in 12 isolate showed $\beta$-hemolysin, 2 isolates showed ${\alpha}$-hemolysin and 3 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin in 25 OK serotypes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2021

A 23-month-old Holstein cattle showed excess salivation and reluctance of walking and suddenly died after forced sudden movements. Grossly, numerous fibrous adhesions were present within cranial abdominal cavity including the reticulum and diaphragm and thoracic cavity involving lungs, pericardial sac, and heart. A perforation made by a 10 cm-long sharp-ended wire was detected in the reticulum. Histopathologically, fibrous suppurative epicarditis and myocardial necrosis were observed. Fibrosis with neovascularization were found in lungs, spleen, and liver. And granulomatous reticulitis was observed. For differential diagnosis, no pathogenic bacteria were detected through microbiological tests and PCR results were also negative for bovine susceptible pathogenic antigens. Based on the gross and histopathological examination, we diagnosed this case as chronic traumatic pericarditis. Cattle are inquisitive and prone to swallow various kinds of metallic foreign bodies since they do not use their lips. Therefore, avoiding ingestion of metallic objects in animal feed and animal areas by careful environmental management of farms is required and farmers should give the adequate minerals and vitamins into the feeds not to lick or shallow foreign bodies in case of mineral deficiency. For veterinary practitioners, physical examination, blood tests, and diagnostic imaging (X-ray and Ultrasonography) are required for an exact diagnosis. Furthermore, placing the magnets in rumen would be effective for prophylactic administrations.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2022

This study investigated the microbiological hazards in the manufacturing processes of Naengmyeon. Sanitary indicative bacteria, such as aerobic plate counts and coliforms as well as pathogenic bacteria, were examined from raw materials, manufacturing processes, working area, 17 utensils and equipment. The aerobic plate counts for raw materials and arrowroot starch estimated as 0.77±0.68~5.02±0.28 and 5.02±0.28 log CFU/g, respectively. Coliforms were detected from wheat flour, buckwheat flour, and potato starch. Staphylococcus aureus was detected to be 0.61±1.06 log CFU/g in wheat flour and 0.20±0.35 log CFU/g in buckwheat flour. During the manufacturing process, aerobic plate counts for kneading process were 4.54±0.34 log CFU/g. But after the press out and heat process, contamination of aerobic plate counts and coliforms decreased and remained at a low level until the release process. Aerobic plate counts before washing disinfection of screw were 3.28±0.62 log CFU/100 cm², the level of which was high in utensils and equipment that had contact with employees or water. These results represent not only an important indicator for the hygienic level but also a scientific basis for analyzing biological hazards, which lead to the introduction of HACCP for the production of safe and hygienic cold noodles processed by manufacturers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial contamination levels on food service in university and to provide the information of microbial contamination to improve food safety. A total of 288 samples were collected during summer and winter season between 2006 and 2008 from 4 food services located in the university in Western Gyeongnam and were used to detect sanitary indicator bacteria [aerobic plate count (APC), coliform, and Escherichia coli] and pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.). As a result, APC and coliform for hand and kitchen utensils which are used often by the employee were detected at high levels of 1.1~5.5 and 1.3~5.3 log CFU/($100\;cm^2$, hand), respectively. The contamination levels of APC and coliform in cooked foods and drinking water were 0.8~6.4 and 1.3~5.0 log CFU/(g, mL), respectively. Especially, the cooked foods showed the highest contamination for APC (2.1~6.4 log CFU/g) and coliform (1.0~5.0 log CFU/g). We think the reason that the cooked foods may be contaminated with APC and coliform on cooking process by using employee's hand and kitchen utensils. Moreover, S. aureus for hand and kitchen utensils was detected at levels of 2.8~3.0 and 2.0~2.3 log CFU/(g, hand), but Salmonella spp. was not detected. According to the above results, contamination levels of the samples were mostly decreased irrespective of summer and winter season. The results obtained indicated that it is necessary to periodic monitoring for microorganism contamination and education about personal and environmental hygiene to employee for ensuring food safety of food service in university.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.233-238
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• 2013

In the case of casting materials or ductile materials for marine equipment, it is common to employ a surface modification for achieving cost reduction and improvement in strength. In particular, aluminium bronze ALBC3 exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, and thus widely used for marine application. However, application of the material under high-velocity seawater flow may induce electrochemical corrosion damage and physical damage such as cavitation erosion, leading to shorter service life of equipment. In this study, surface modification was carried out on ALBC3 alloy for different shot peening stand-off distances, and the physical hardness and electrochemical characteristics before and after modification were investigated. The results in each case showed the hardness increase in comparison with non-peened specimen, and the maximum hardness improvement(50 %) was found in 10 cm of shot-peening stand-off distance. It is observed that the electrochemical characteristics were irrelevant to application of shot peening.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.19-31
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• 1999

A first version of KHCM was Published in 1992, and is currently used extensively in engineering Practice. The study of new manual was initiated in 1998 and is intended to be ready for publication by the year 2000. The purpose of this paper is to indicate the study direction of basic freeway section by comparing the results of each country HCM. 1985 USHCM, 1997 USHCM, 1992 K17CM, German HCM, Japan HCM, Australian HCM. Taiwan HCM, and Canadian HCM have been reviewed. All the country except Germany followed the same method developed in 1985 USHCM for analysing basic freeway section. Therefore the method of USHCM and German HCM have been introduced in detail. Finally. the Problem of 1992 KHCM have been suggested.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.178-181
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• 2005

The positioning accuracy of the Global Positioning System (GPS) has been improved considerably during the past two decades. The main error sources such as ionospheric refraction, orbital uncertainty, antenna phase center variation, signal multipath, and tropospheric delay have been reduced substantially, if not eliminated. In this study, the GPS data collected by the GPS receivers that were established as continuously operating reference stations by International GNSS Service (IGS), Ministry of the Interior (MOl), Central Weather Bureau (CWB), and Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) Of Taiwan are utilized to investigate the impact of atmospheric water vapor on GPS positioning determination. The surface meteorological measurements that were concurrently acquired by instruments co-located with the GPS receivers include temperature, pressure and humidity data. To obtain the influence of the GPS height on the proposed impact study. A hydrodynamic ocean tide model (GOTOO.2 model) and solid earth tide were used to improve the GPS height. The surface meteorological data (pressure, temperature and humidity) were introduced to the data processing with 24 troposphere parameters. The results from the studies associated with different GPS height were compared for the cases with and without a priori knowledge of surface meteorological measurements. The finding based on the measurements in 2003 is that the surface meteorological measurements have an impact on the GPS height. The associated daily maximum of the differences is 1.07 cm for the KDNM station. The impact is reduced due to smoothing when the average of the GPS height for the whole year is considered.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.3 no.4 s.12
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

Recently, utilization of PMIS(Project Management Information System) is in high demand as it is desired to advance the construction market through cost reduction and quality improvement within the given schedule. However, PMIS developed by individual projects are mostly evolving around construction progress status due to the temporary nature of development period and use of the system by project executers is no more than perfunctory that results in limiting the effective communication between the project owner, project manager and constructor. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the PMIS developed so far, and present the direction for an effective PMIS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.550-555
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• 2005

In vicinity of Seoul, there has been water service tunnel that classified into 1st grade facility by special act for the safety control of public structures and with providing capacity equals to $1,543{\times}10^3$(ton/day) and inner pressure equals to $2.5-3.5kg/cm^2$. In this research, site investigation and stability analysis for water tunnel caused by new construction of road tunnel were carried out. the ground near water tunnel were zoned into spatial area having similar geotechnical characteristics and estimating geotechnical properties for each area. The site for analysis consists of banded biotite gneiss, biotite schist and granite gneiss with spatial non-homogeneity, and for that reason weathering and fault zone were distributed with large scale. It's important thing to consider spatial ground zone and their geotechnical properties properly into stability analysis at design and construction stage. Also, using results of site investigation, stability of existing tunnel have been analyzed for Hydraulic Fracture/Jacking and deformation in detail.