• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2007

This study tries to provide concept on establishment of CM license basis, CM selection procedure and CM contract documents through a comparative study of CM services in several CM contract documents in the America. This results of study are summarized as follows; Establishment of basis on the work scopes and legal license of CM company. Establishment of CM selection and contract procedure. Preparation of CM contract documents. Preparation of CM manual.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2014.05a
• /
• pp.12-13
• /
• 2014

Domestic CM market has continued to grow, and the CM services in the international market is evaluated as a high value-added area. However, CM services are currently being challenged to perform its genuine CM roles because of the limitations by government's CM policies, market size, business functions, and technology capabilities. In order to identify the issues for revitalization of CM, this study analyzed the history of CM studies through a thorough review of the previous literatures that have been published since the enactment of CM policies in 1996. Based on this literature review, it is expected to suggest strategies that could improve current immature CM systems.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.3D
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2012

The necessity of professional construction management has been increased as a construction project is getting larger, more complex and specialized. Thus, the CM market has steadily expanded since 1996 in Korea. Despite the external expanding of the CM market, experts claim that domestic CM regulations and infrastructures should be revised. Therefore, this paper developed a causal map which consists of elements vitalizing CM market. Then, the simulation model using NUMBER (Normalized Unit Modeling by Elementary Relationships) to predict the size of the CM market is established. As a result, in the case of more regulation related CM, the quantity of CM projects could not reach of construction supervision until 2020. This paper can be used as a baseline providing a prospection of the change of CM market according to causal relation between the improvement as well as the base of revitalization research of CM market based on non-institutional factors change.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2011

To provide the basic information about slope stability analysis, tensile force and strength of tree roots like Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Alnus japonica were measured and analyzed. As a result, tensile force increases in forms of involution of root diameter. The mean tensile strength of roots like P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis, P. densiflora, A. japonica and Q. mongolica were calculated as $165.38kgf/cm^2$, $172.78kgf/cm^2$, $176.25kgf/cm^2$, $214.29kgf/cm^2$ and $224.19kgf/cm^2$ respectively. It was shown that tensile strength decreasing tendency as root diameter increases. Also, recalculated soil shear strength by tensile strength of the roots like P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis, P. densiflora, A. japonica and Q. mongolica were $0.099kgf/cm^2$, $0.104kgf/cm^2$, $0.106kgf/cm^2$, $0.129kgf/cm^2$ and $0.135kgf/cm^2$ respectively.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2004

The surges caused by the typhoon “Maemi” which struck the southern coast of Korea are analysed in Kwangyang Bay on September 12, 2003. The deviations of the high water level were 93∼108 cm and the maximum deviations of the water level (maximum surges) were 176∼196 cm in Kwangyang Bay during the typhoon “Maemi”. The major parameters of the maximum deviations of the water level are as follows: Analysis shows that the pressure drop increased the sea level by 59 cm, the flood of the Sumjin River by 4-5 cm and the external surge propagation and wind setup by 113∼132 cm. During the typhoon “Maemi”, the highest high water recorded in Kwangyang Port (PT3) is 460 cm, which is higher by 5 cm than the highest high water (455 cm) with return period of 100 years estimated in planning the Kwangyang steelworks (POSCO) grounds and higher by 15 cm than the observed highest high water (445 cm) recorded during the typhoon “Thelma” on 1987. Thus, the highest high water caused by the typhoon “Maemi” is higher than the extreme highest high water for the last 20 years in Kwangyang Bay.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2011

Although the CM(construction management) market in Korea has shown rapid growth, unlike other market sectors, there has been lack of a system by which the economy trend of the CM market can be analyzed. The objective of the paper is to analyse and identify key characteristics of the CM market as of the third quarter of 2010 by using the CMBSI(Construction Management Business Survey Index) which was proposed in the previous study. In the paper, the CMBSI is used as the main index along with other five supplementary indices. The use of the CMBSI can contribute to enhancing the understanding of CM market situation and prospect, and also to providing information for CM policy and regulations.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.528-534
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to explore a new application of board and obtain fundamental properties for producing composite board from sawdust and orange peels. As the mixing rate of orange peels increased from 10% to 40%, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and brinell hardness decreased as follows : 94.1%~86.5%, 27.2%~18.0%, $65.1kgf/cm^2{\sim}39.2kgf/cm^2$ and $195.3kgf/cm^2{\sim}180.3kgf/cm^2$, respectively. As the density of board increased from $0.4g/cm^3$ to $0.8g/cm^3$, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and brinell hardness increased as follows: 6.4%~17.9%, $4.2kgf/cm^2{\sim}96.6kgf/cm^2$ and $40.4kgf/cm^2{\sim}196.2kgf/cm^2$, respectively. But the water absorption decreased from 149.2% to 58.6%.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.32 no.5D
• /
• pp.463-472
• /
• 2012

Exemplary contracts of construction management (CM) including highway projects have been carried out in the civil engineering area over the past ten years. However, practical and administrative challenges as transitional circumstances have been revealed in the different participants of supervision, inspection and construction management. Thus, it is important to internally overcome problems and negative perception encountered in civil engineering, and to promote the efficiencies in construction cost and quality. In addition, external efforts should be put to market opening, globalization, and technology development for competitiveness and high value industry. While it is critical to establish the concrete CM system by collaborating with various participants, proven architecture and system have not been provided because of incorrect measurement of CM accomplishment, overlap of responsibility between CM and supervision, and slow deployment in construction field. This paper analyzed the current CM practices and business environments, and presented the possible solutions for strategy improvement of CM in the owner's view point.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.337-353
• /
• 2018

We used Illumina/HiSeq sequencing for analysis of gene expression profiling among four maize seed types (dent, CM3 and CM6; waxy, CM5 and CM19) at 10 DAP (days after pollination). A total of 88,993,000 (CM3), 103,817,340 (CM6), 103,139,640 (CM5), and 66,978,958 (CM19) sequence reads were generated with read lengths of about 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, and 0.7 billion bp, respectively. We obtained 69.1 (CM3), 71.0 (CM6), 71.2 (CM5), and 71.8% (CM19) high quality reads from the raw data and compared them with reference RNA sequences in a public DB (NCBI). It was revealed that mapped reads were 58%, 63%, 62%, and 62% of the EST reference in CM3, CM6, CM5 and CM19, respectively; and more than 51,000 genes were expressed based on RPKM criteria (over 0.25 value) in each CM3, CM6, CM5, and CM19 inbred line. In differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, we found that 3,527 genes were differentially expressed by at least two-fold with 1,709 upregulated in the two waxy inbred lines and 1,818 upregulated in the two dent inbred lines. We also detected genes for the sucrose and starch biosynthesis pathways based on BINs, and different expression patterns between waxy and dent inbred lines were shown for the gene set for starch synthesis, such as sh2, bt2, du1, wx1, and ae1. Although some genes were more expressed in dent lines, most genes for starch synthesis were much expressed in waxy lines. Especially, there was greater expression of the sus2 gene in both waxy lines compared with the dent lines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.550-558
• /
• 1998

The experiment was conducted to evaluate CM (Cell Mass from Lysine Fermentation), which is used to produce synthetic lysine in industry, as an alternative protein source in broiler diets. Three different production conditions were employed to produce CMs (CM I, II, III). Treatments were control, CM I -1 (1 % of CM in the diet), CM I -3 (3% of CM in the diet), CM I -5 (5% of CM in the diet), CM II (3% of CM in the diet), and CM III (3% of CM in the diet). It was found that CM products were all high in crude protein content and especially high in lysine and methionine contents, while very low in minerals. For the starter period, all CM groups showed better weight gain, chicks fed CM I -1 diets were especially high in weight gain (p < 0.05). CM groups consumed 14.4 to 18.0% more feed than chicks fed control diets (p < 0.05). The best FCR was found in CM I -1 groups (p < 0.05), but as CM level was increased, FCR was also increased. For the finisher period, weight gain was similar through all treatments. Through whole experimental period, weight gain and feed intake were higher in all CM groups than control group (p < 0.05), however, as CM level was increased, FCR was also increased. Generally chicks fed CM diets showed higher utilizabilities of gross energy, dry matter, crude protein and crude fat. The best nutrients utilizability was obtained in CM I -1 group, and the worst was found in the control group. During the finisher period, the utilizabilities of crude protein, crude ash and phosphorus were not affected by the dietary treatments. Amino acids utilizability was not significantly affected by the treatments except CM I -5 group. In all amino acids tested, chicks did not show the big difference in utilizabilities. Only in the CM I -5 group, amino acids utilizability was significantly lower than control group. However, among CM I groups, the mean value of the amino acids utilizability was decreased as the level of CM inclusion in the diet was increased. During the finisher period, similar trend was found in amino acids utilizability.