• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.120-134
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• 2007

The usage of basic bodice blocks at men's apparel companies is investigated and the domestic and international men's upper bodice blocks are compared to find directions of research on development of bodice basic blocks. The following conclusions are found in this study. 1. The survey shows that basic bodice blocks are not used at men's apparel companies although all the respondents have good knowledge on bodice basic blocks. They responded that basic bodice blocks for representative body figures of each age category or of each country would help comparative studies on domestic and international basic bodice blocks and development of exporting apparel products. Also, they expected the utilization of men's basic bodice blocks both as education materials and in studies of design, of body figures, and of basic blocks for industry. 2. The comparative study on men's bodice blocks shows that waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference, height, and shoulder length, in addition to the minimal essential size items such as chest circumference and center back length, are used in most basic bodice blocks. The size formulae of each basic block are compared to find how the sizes are determined. For center back length, either measured back length or a certain proportion of height is used. For front and back interscyes, chest circumference is used in most basic bodice blocks. Either measured size, or a certain proportion of height or chest circumference is used for back height. The averaged ease allowances of basic bodice blocks are 3.2 cm for chest circumference, 10.8 cm for waist circumference, 1.2 cm for front interscye, 0.1 cm for back interscye, 0.2cm for shoulder length, and 0 cm for center back length. However, body blocks for different types of clothes have different ease allowances. Shirt basic blocks have ease allowances of 6.1 cm for chest circumference, 13.7 cm for waist circumference, 1.4 cm for front interscye, 0.6 cm for back interscye, 1.2 cm for shoulder length, and 1.8 cm for center back length. On the other hand, jacket basic blocks have ease allowances of 8.8 cm for chest circumference, 16 cm for waist circumference, 1.1 cm for front interscye, 1.4 cm for back interscye, 1.1 cm for shoulder length, and 0.8 cm for center back length.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.134-138
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• 2006

The result that test 3 years since 2002 allowing 6 processing such as $40{\times}5\;cm$ to supply basis data of method of cultivation establishment investigating productivity of Saururus chinensis by the number of cultivation years and planting distance, is as following. Plant height of foliar growth was good 1 year eats little, but 2 years planting distance $40{\times}10\;cm$, 3 years was best in $40{\times}20\;cm$ and there were many the number of tillerings 1, 2, all 3 years do high plant density, and rhizoma growth is 1, 2 years does high plant density, it was good tendency, but 3 years is best in $40{\times}20\;cm$. 1 year is most in planting distance $40{\times}5\;cm$, 2 years $40{\times}10\;cm$, 3 years $40{\times}20\;cm$, $1{\sim}2$ year accumulation quantity $40{\times}10\;cm$, $1{\sim}3$ year accumulation quantity $40{\times}10$, 20 cm in goods foliar amount.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2005

Background: CM1 (centrocyte/-blast marker 1) is originally defined as a germinal center B cell marker. It is known that CM1 plays a critical role on B cell development in germinal center. In addition, we have found that CM1 is expressed on lymphoma cell lines, such as Raji, Ramos and IM-9. This means that CM1 might be served as a tumor marker as well. In the present study, we examined the expression of CM1 on the surface of the other tumors and the possibility of the development of tumor screening ELISA kit by using CM1. Methods: First, we have examined the expression of CM1 on stomach cancer and hepatoma, which are predominantly (discovered) occurred in Korean, by flow cytometry analysis. After purifying of CM1 antigen from Raji and Ramos, the optimal ELISA condition was determined. And then we compared the level of CM1 between normal individuals and cancer patients by ELISA. To decrease the non-specific binding of anti-CM1 mAb with serum components except CM1 and to enhance the diagnostic accuracy, albumin depletion spin column was used. Results: CM1 was highly expressed on stomach cancer and hepatoma cell lines. In addition, we have also confirmed the increased CM1 expression on cancer patients. The difference of CM1 expression between normal individuals and cancer patients were more clearly observed, after deletion of serum albumin by using albumin depletion spin column. Conclusion: Based on the results from this study, CM1 might be a useful molecule for the early diagnosis of cancer. In addition, further studies for the increase of ELISA sensitivity and appropriate albumin depletion methods should be needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.40-40
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• 2003

목적 : 현재 국내에서 사용중인 Co-60 원격치료용 방사선 조사장치의 경우 tissue air ratio(TAR)는 조사 표면에서 최대 선량을 가지는 back scatter factor(BSF)를 적용하여 구한 값을 사용하고 있는데, 실제로 Co-60 원격치료용 방사선 조사장치의 최대선량 깊이는 조사 표면이 아니라, 조사 표면에서 0.5cm 떨어진 거리에서 최대 선량을 나타내므로, BJR 25 에서 권장하는 값인 peak scatter factor(PSF)를 이용해 구한 값이 더 정확한 값으로 사료되기 때문에 이를 본 실험을 통해 검증하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 방사선 종양학과에서 치료용으로 사용하고 있는 Co-60 원격치료용 방사선 조사장치를 대상으로 하였다. BSF 는 Khan이 저술한 The Physics of Radiation Therapy의 부록에 제시된 값을 사용하였으며, PSF와 TAR를 구하기 위해 물 팬톰(water phantom), Farmer형 이온 챔버(ion chamber), 전기계(electrometer)를 사용하였다. PSF와 TAR를 구하기 위해서 몇 가지 측정을 하였다. 먼저, 공기 중에서 챔버를 SSD=80.5cm에 고정시킨 후, 방사선을 조사하여 선량을 측정하고, 깊이에 따른 선량을 알아보기 위해, 물 팬톰 내에 챔버를 SSD=80cm 고정시킨 후, 물을 서서히 채워가면서 5$\times$5cm, 10$\times$10cm, 15$\times$15cm, 20$\times$20cm, 30$\times$30cm의 field size에 대해서, 물의 깊이가 0.5cm-2cm 까지는 0.5cm 단위로 선량을 측정하고, 물의 깊이가 2cm-l4cm까지는 1cm단위로 선량을 측정하였다. 측정된 선량을 이용하여 PSF를 구하고 난 후, BJR 25에서 제시한 PSF와 비교를 하였고 TAR은 Khan이 제시한 변환식에 PSF를 대입하여 알아보았다. 기존의 TAR과 PSF를 이용해 구한 TAR을 측정하여 구한 TAR과 비교하였다. 결과 : BJR25에서 제시한 PSF와 본 실험에서 측정하여 얻은 PSF를 비교한 결과, field size가 5$\times$5cm, 10$\times$10cm, 15$\times$l5cm, 20$\times$20cm인 경우, 측정하여 얻은 PSF가 0.8%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.2%로 약간 높지만, 두 값은 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고, 기존의 BSF를 이용해 구한 TAR과 BJR 25에서 권고하는 PSF를 이용해 구한 TAR을 비교한 결과 field size 에 따라 약 1%-1.5% 정도로 BSF를 이용하여 구한 TAR보다 PSF를 이용하여 구한 TAR이 1.3% 정도 높게 나타났지만, 이것은 두 값의 절대적인 차이일 뿐, 실제로는 PSF를 이용하여 구한 TAR이 측정해서 구한 TAR과는 매우 유사한 값을 보여주고 있다. 결론 : 기존의 BSF를 이용해 구한 TAR과 PSF를 이용해 구한 TAR을 비교하였을 때, 약 1.3% 정도 높게 내고 있지만, 기존의 TAR보다는 PSF를 이용해 구한 TAR이 BJR 25와 잘 일치하고 있으므로 Co-60 원격치료용 방사선 조사장치를 사용할 경우 BSF보다는 PSF를 사용하는 것이 타당한 것으로 사료된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.162-166
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of planting densities ($60{\times}5cm$, $60{\times}10cm$, $60{\times}15cm$) and PE mulching (polyethylene film mulching, non- mulching) on growth and yield of foxtail millet in drained paddy field for 2 years. In PE plots, culm length, culm diameter and fresh weight were higher than control plot. Additionally, spike length, seed weight per hill and thousand seed weight were also higher in PE plot. The yield of foxtail millet were increased with 104% and 112% at PE plot. Culm diameter was highest at $60{\times}15cm$ plot with 8.90 and 8.06 mm, however, culm length was highest at $60{\times}5cm$ plot with 130, 142 cm in $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$, respectively. Plant height was higher by the increase of planting density. As plant density decreased, that spike length and seed weight per hill were increased. Yield of planting density were highest at $60{\times}10cm$ plot $298kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$, $436kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ yearly, respectively that it were in order of $60{\times}10cm$ plot > $60{\times}5cm$ plot > $60{\times}15cm$ plot.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2011

We studied the optimal location where the radiation dose of radiological technologists is minimally measured. The measured scatter dose has been compared with the distance inverse square law. We measured the primary X-ray with different tube conditions (60, 70, 81 and 90 kVp) and distances (60, 120 and 180 cm). The scatter ray has been measured with various locations (42.5, 52.4 and 62.4 cm for front and back side, 0 to 60 cm with 10 cm interval for left and right side). The results of this study showed that the dose of primary X-ray was attenuated to 20.52 (27.20%), 28.58 (25.20%), 38.82 (26.32%) and 48.20 mR (26.27%) for each tube voltages at 120 cm. In addition, The dose were 7.06 (8.91%), 9.90 (8.73%), 13.64 (9.25%) and 16.60 mR (9.05%) at 180 cm. As for the scatter in front and back side, the attenuated dose were 0.15 mR (23.09%) and 0.15 mR (22.08%) at 120 cm, and 0.07 mR (10.43%) and 0.06 mR (8.83%) at 180 cm. Scatter was decreased in third quadrant. Therefore, it is recommended that radiological technologists should keep long distance from the object.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.3 s.49
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

An objective of local exhaust hood design is to design the hood to operate as efficiently as possible. The greatest loss normally occurs at the entrance to the duct, due to the vena contracta in the throat of the duct. This can be accomplished by minimizing the loss that results from the vena contracta. There have been little studied to be cost-effective approach as installing simple instrument inside the throat of the hood. The aims of this paper were to minimize entry loss using inner square, and to measure the effect of inner square when installed inside hood throat. The results of this study were as follows; First, the magnitude of vena contracta could be considered as the difference between direct measured velocity and calculated velocity, which is from Bernoulli theory. In circle hood, calculated velocity and direct measured velocity were 10.7m/sec and 10.3n/sec, respectively. And the calculated velocity and direct measured velocity in square hood were 7.7m./sec and 6.5m/sec, respectively. Second, effect of inner square by width was carried out. The widths of inner square were L/1(18cm), L/2(9cm), L/3(6cm) and L/6(3cm). In case inner square was installed with 3cm width, the entry of coefficient was 0.93, comparing with 0.85 of entry of coefficient of general hood. Third, effect of inner square by distance from hood inside surface to inner square was carried out. The distances were L/3(6cm), L/6(3cm), L/9(2cm) and L/l8(1cm). In case the distance was 3cm the best efficiency was shown (Ce= 0.93). Fourth, effect of inner square by location from hood entry to duct inside was carried out. The locations of inner square were entry(0cm), L/6(3cm), L/3(6cm), L/2(9cm) and L/l(12cm). In case the location was 0cm, 3cm and 6cm the entry of coefficients were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.90, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.470-477
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• 2017

In this study, the applicability of calcite, sand, and zeolite for the remediation of sediments contaminated with organics and nutrients were investigated. Sediments and seawater for water tank experiments were sampled from Pyeongtaek harbor, and 1 cm or 3 cm of calcite, sand, and zeolite were capped on the sampled sediments. pH, electric conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored for 63 days. The sampled sediments were highly contaminated with organic matter and total nitrogen. DO in uncapped condition was exhausted within 10 days but DO in capping condition except 3 cm of zeolite capping was prolonged above 2 mg/L. Capping efficiency for interrupting COD release from sediments was in the following order: zeolite 1 cm > calcite 1 cm > calcite 3 cm > sand 3 cm ${\cong}$ zeolite 3 cm ${\cong}$ sand 1 cm. Zeolite was found to be effective for interrupting nitrogen release. T-P was not observed in both uncapped and capped sediment, i.e., all experimental conditions. It can be concluded that zeolite can be effectively used for the remediation of sediments highly contaminated with organic matter and nitrogen.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activation of lower extremity such as rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and soleus according to 0cm(bare foot), 4cm and 7cm heel height of shoe on the rocking surface in older women. 20 older women who did not have any lower musculoskeletal and neurological disorders in the past were participated in this study. Each subject was standing for 15 seconds on the level 8 of Biodex Stability System (BSS) while wearing 4cm and 7cm heel height shoes including bare foot. Electromyography was used to measure muscle activation of lower extremity, and the muscle activation was expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (% MVIC). We measured % MVIC of three muscles during 5 seconds except for the first 5 seconds and last 5 seconds. SPSS 12.0 program was used for this study. Repeated one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was performed to compare the significant difference among the muscles of lower extremities according to heel heights of shoe on the rocking plate. % MVIC of each muscle such as rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and soleus regarding heel heights of shoe had statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The results of contrast test were as follows; 1) % MVIC of rectus femoris had significant differences between barefoot and 4cm, and barefoot and 7cm. 2) % MVIC of tibialis anterior had significant differences between barefoot and 4cm, barefoot and 7cm, and 4cm and 7cm. 3) % MVIC of soleus had significant differences between barefoot and 7cm, 4cm and 7cm. The results indicate that all commonly responsive muscle on the conditions of barefoot, 4cm, and 7cm shoe height on the rcoking surface is tibialis anterior muscle. We found out that the more heels of shoe high, the more muscle activation increases. High-heeled shoes above 7cm remarkably increase the muscle activation of lower extremity and may result in muscle fatigue. Thus, these shoes may summate risk factors of falls in older women. We can acknowledge that the heels above 4 cm affect each muscle activation in lower extremity on the rocking surface.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.307-311
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate PAE, as the result of the test of kVp accuracy, according to detector measurement method. Based on the indicated value of 70kVp, each distance between a focus and a kVp meter was 100cm, 80cm and 60cm and the angle of X-ray tube was set on $5^{\circ},\;10^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;25^{\circ},\;30^{\circ}$. Each indicated value, 60kVp, 70kVp, 80kVp, 90kVp and 100 kVp, was used compare Small focus with Large focus. As a result, PAE on the side of cathode was higher than it on the side of anode in the case of 100cm and PAE on the side of anode was higher in the case of 80cm and 60cm. The coefficient rate was stable both the side of cathode and anode in the case of 100cm and it was fluctuated in the case of 80cm and 60cm. PAE in the case of Small focus was higher than Large focus and it was disproportionate to an indicated value. Error rate was in inverse proportion to the indicated value.