• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-190
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• 2002

This crossover study was performed in order to compare the effects of cetirizine, loratadine, and terfenadine in canine skin. Five healthy dogs were used. Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg, loratadine 5 mg/kg and terfenadine 5 mg/kg were administered orally 4 hours before the experiment. Erythema indices and wheal size were assessed by Hexameter ($MX^{\circledR}$ 18, CK, Germany) and skin reaction guide, respectively. Cetirizine-induced erythema inhibition was generally higher than other drugs and was significantly different from placebo. Cetirizine was superior to placebo at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 minutes (p< 0.01). Cetirizine also was superior to placebo at 9 minutes (p< 0.05). Loratadine and terfenadine erythema inhibition were better than after placebo treatment from 4 to 9 minutes, but erythema index of terfenadine at 7 minutes was not observed probability of 95% and 99%. At 10 minutes, intradermal injection of the histamine caused a mean wheal dimension for placebo, cetirizine, loratadine and terfenadine, which were 13.25$\pm$0.75 mm,7.5$\pm$ 1.02 mm (53% reduction, p<0.007),6.2$\pm$0.58 mm(43% reduction, p <0.01), and 8.4 $\pm$0.67 mm(37% reduction, p< 0.05), respectively, comparing with placebo. Loratadine and cetirizine were good antihistamines for clinical therapy for atopic dermatitis in dog.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.749-754
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• 2004

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (Off-Pump CABG) has been proven to have less morbidity and to facilitate early recovery. High-risk surgical patients may have benefitted by avoiding the adverse effects of the cardiopulmonary bypass. We compared the effectiveness of Off-Pump CABG with that of coronary artery bypass using cardiopulmonary bypass (On-Pump CABG) in high-risk patients. Material and Method: 682 patients (424 Off-Pump CABG and 258 On-Pump CABG) underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2001 and June 2003. Patients who were considered high risk were selected High risk is defined as the presence of one or more of nine adverse prognostic factors. Data were collected from 492 patients in Off-Pump CABG and 100 in On-Pump CABG for risk factors, extent of coronary disease, and in-hospital outcomes. Result： Off-Pump CABG group and On-Pump CABG group did not show differences in their preoperative risk factors. We used more arterial grafts in Off-Pump CABG group (p < 0.05). Postoperative results showed that operative mortality (0.5% in Off-Pump CABG versus 2.0% in On-Pump CABG), renal failure (2.6% in Off-Pump CABG versus 7.0% in On-Pump CABG), and perioperative myocardial infarction (1.5% in Off-Pump CABG versus 1.0% in On-Pump CABG) did not differ significantly. However, Off-Pump CABG had shorter mean operation time (p<0.05), lower mean CK-MB level (p <0.05), lower rate of usage of inotropics (p < 0.05), shorter mean ventilation time (p <0.05), lower perioperative stroke (0% versus 2.0%), and shorter length of stay (p < 0.05) than On-Pump CABG. On-Pump CABG had more distal grafts (p<0.05) than Off-Pump CABG. Although Off-Pump CABG and On-Pump CABG did not show statistical differences in mortality and morbidity was more frequent in CABG. Conclusion: Off-Pump CABG reduces morbidity and favors hospital outcomes. Therefore, Off-Pump CABG is safe, reasonable and may be a preferable operative strategy for high-risk patients.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2007

The development length equations of the GFRP rebars are suggested based on the pullout tests performed in this study. A total of 48 pullout and modified pullout tests were completed. Test variables included embedment length (L=10, 15, 20, and $30d_b$), vertical and horizontal installation of the rebars, height of the rebars (H=100 and 300 mm), and cover thickness $(C=2{\sim}5d_b)$. D13 GFRP rebars domestically developed were used in the experimental program. The average of the bond strength of all vertically installed GFRP rebars was 6.39 MPa with a 5% fractile of 4.63 MPa. A basic development length equation was derived that resulted in an equation equivalent to the one proposed in the ACI 440.1R-03. Careful reevaluation of the bond strength using the modified pullout test indicated that a modification of the design equation was necessary so that the basic development length increases by 11%. The top bar effect of the horizontally installed rebars as well as the effect of the cover thickness were determined and included in the set of suggested equations. Since the current equations were derived from testing rebars embedded in relatively low strength concrete $(f_{ck}=20{\sim}24MPa)$, they result in conservative development lengths when applied to bars embedded in higher strength concretes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.5 s.262
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• pp.366-375
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• 2006

Background: Hypomagnesemia is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical beneficial effect of administration of magnesium sulfate in cardiac surgery. Material and Method: Thirty five patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to magnesium group (n=20) which received magnesium sulfate in priming solution (1 g) and cardioplegic solution (1 g) or control group (n=15) which did not receive it. Arterial blood samples were drawn for measuring $Mg^{++}$ and electrolytes contents, blood gas analysis, CBC, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), creatine phosphokinase (CpK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), troponin-1 (TNI), prothrombin time (PT) and activated pratial thromboplastin time level (aPTT). Venous blood samples were drawn before and after the operation for measuring activated clotting time level (ACT). Result: $Mg^{++}$ levels in magensium group were higher than those of control group at intraoperative and post-operative periods (p<0.05). dysrhythmias were lower in magnesium group (8 cases out of 17 patients, 46.4%) than in control group (10 cases out of 10, 100%, p=0.050). Conclusion: These results showed that administration of low dose magnesium sulfate during cardiac surgery prevented hypomagnesemia and lowered incidence of dysrhythmia.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2011

Human eyelid adipose-derived stem cells (hEAs) and amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMs) are very valuable sources for the cell therapeutics. Both types of cells have a great proliferating ability in vitro and a multipotency to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In the present study, we evaluated their stem cell characteristics after long-time cryopreservation for 6, 12 and 24 months. When frozen-thawed cells were cultivated in vitro, their cumulative cell number and doubling time were similar to freshly prepared cells. Also they expressed stem cell-related genes of SCF, NANOG, OCT4, and TERT, ectoderm-related genes of NCAM and FGF5, mesoderm/endoderm-related genes of CK18 and VIM, and immune-related genes of HLA-ABC and ${\beta}$2M. Following differentiation culture in appropriate culture media for 2-3 weeks, both types of cells exhibited well differentiation into adipocyte, osteoblast, and chondrocyte, as revealed by adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic-specific staining and related genes, respectively. In conclusion, even after long-term storage hEAs and hAMs could maintain their stem cell characteristics, suggesting that they might be suitable for clinical application based on stem cell therapy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.495-498
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• 2006

Purpose: Trichoblastic fibroma originates from hair germ layer tumor which is a benign tumor mixture of epidermal and mesodermal factor. Trichoblastic fibroma was found only in adults and showed equal occurrence rate between men and women. Since it is a rare tumor, we report a case of a trichoblastic fibroma which developed on the right cheek. Methods: A 72 year-old male was treated with excisional operation 17 years ago due to a solitary tumor that developed on the same site. He returned to the hospital with an asymptomatic mass which have been increasing in size for the last 3 months. Results: In computerized tomography, a size of $2.7{\times}2.3{\times}0.8cm$ tumor was found in the subcutaneous tissue layer. Grossly, the mass was well-circumscribed, smooth-surfaced and flesh colored, and was lobulated and fragile. Pathologic observation showed diverse shaped and sized tumor cell nests and fibrocellular stroma consisting basophilic cells in dermal and subdermal layers. Immunohistopathologic staining showed positive reaction on pancytokeratin, CK-5/6, and bcl-2. Conclusion: By having no connection to the epidermis, and being positioned in the dermal and epidermal layers, typical pathologic findings make it possible to differentiate this tumor with basal cell carcinoma. This lesion is not clear whether it is a local recurrence or not, and it is necessary to observe a new recurrence in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1013-1022
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• 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread soil endophytic fungi, forming mutualistic relationships with the vast majority of land plants. Biochar (BC) has been reported to improve soil fertility and promote plant growth. However, limited studies are available concerning the combined effects of AMF and BC on soil community structure and plant growth. In this work, a pot experiment was designed to investigate the effects of AMF and BC on the rhizosphere microbial community of Allium fistulosum L. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing, we showed that inoculation of AMF and BC had a significant impact on soil microbial community composition, diversity, and versatility. Increases were observed in both plant growth (the plant height by 8.6%, shoot fresh weight by 12.1%) and root morphological traits (average diameter by 20.5%). The phylogenetic tree also showed differences in the fungal community composition in A. fistulosum. In addition, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that 16 biomarkers were detected in the control (CK) and AMF treatment, while only 3 were detected in the AMF + BC treatment. Molecular ecological network analysis showed that the AMF + BC treatment group had a more complex network of fungal communities, as evidenced by higher average connectivity. The functional composition spectrum showed significant differences in the functional distribution of soil microbial communities among different fungal genera. The structural equation model (SEM) confirmed that AMF could improve the microbial multifunctionality by regulating the rhizosphere fungal diversity and soil properties. Our findings provide new information on the effects of AMF and biochar on plants and soil microbial communities.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1994

The coronary collateral vessels have revealed their significance in terms of reduction of infarct size, preservation left ventricular function, and prevention of left ventricular aneurysm in patients with myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study were to evaluated the relation between collateral circulation and $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI Heart SPECT in patient with acute myocardial infarction and their clinical significance. The fifty six MI patients with antegrade TIMI perfusion grade 0 and 1 were studied. The patients were classified into two groups; Group I inclueded 30 patients with grade 2, 3 Collateral flow. Group II inclueded 26 patients with grade 0, 1 Collateral flow. Collateral filling were graded from 0 to 3: 0- none, 1- Filling of side branch only, 2- Partial filling of the epicardial segment, 3- Complete filling of epicardial segment. Clinical variables, left ventricular function, $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI Heart SPECT were analyzed with angiographic finding. Results were following: 1) Collateral visualization was found to be greater in patient with involvement of right coronary artery (RCA). The collateral development site of infarct related artery was RCA 15 cases, left anterior descending artery (LAD) 10 cases, left circumflex artery (LCX) 5 cases, and the collateral circulation from LAD to RCA was 13 cases (40.6%). 2) There was a tendency to be decreased in peak CK activity with group I. 3) The presence of good collateral channels was more frequently $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI reversible perfusion defect (83.4% vs 15.3%, p<0.05). 4) No differences of left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), ejection fraction (EF) were noted between group I and group II. The presence of good collateral channels did affect the frequency of occurrence of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI reversible perfusion defect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2006

Rheological properties of the dough added with milk proteins and gums was studied to investigate the possibilities as anti-staling agents. Also, physical properties of the resultant bread baked from the frozen dough after 8 weeks of storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ were examined. The 4 sets of their combinations of milk proteins and gums, $casein-{\kappa}-carrageenan$ (CK), casein-sodium alginate (CA), $whey-{\kappa}-carrageenan$ (WK), and whey-sodium alginate (WA), were added to dough to examine their possible anti-staling effects. Rheological properties of dough were evaluated, and physical properties of resultant bread baked from frozen dough after 8 weeks storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ were examined. Addition of all treatments increased gelatinization temperature and water absorption, and lowered miximum viscosities and extension of doughs, compared to the control. Doughs added with CA and WA showed longer development times than that of the control. Addition of WK and WA resulted in lowest dough extensions. Treated bread showed lower moisture content decrease during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. Breads baked with frozen doughs after 6 weeks storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ showed similar results. Although textural hardness of breads increased with storage at $5^{\circ}C$, CA- and WA-added breads were less affected, showing they effectively retarded staling of breads.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.498-504
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perioperative myocardial damage in pediatric congenital heart disease with the cardiac specific protein of cardiac troponin I(cTpn-I). Methods : All 25 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot or double outlet right ventricle were classified as group A(acyanotic, $SaO_2$ >90%), group B(mildly cyanotic, $SaO_2$ >80-90%) and group C(moderately cyanotic, $SaO_2$ <80%). The control group D was consisted of 10 patients with ventricular septal defects who were operated in the same period. We measured preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative and postoperative(24 and 72 hour) arterial oxygen saturation, cTpn-I and creatine kinase(CK-MB). Results : Total 25 patients were subdivided into 6 of group A, 12 of group B and 7 of group C. The concentrations of preoperative cTpn-I were $0.23{\pm}0.12ng/mL$ in group A, $0.25{\pm}00.12 ng/mL$ in group B, $0.26{\pm}0.13ng/mL$ in group C. And the concentrations of cTpn-I in postoperative 24 hour were $10.04{\pm}5.28ng/mL$ in group A, $12.50{\pm}6.86ng/mL$ in group B, $12.55{\pm}9.90ng/mL$ in group C. Which revealed cTpn-I in group C was higher than that of the another less cyanotic groups. In addition, the concentration of cTpn-I of group C in postoperative 72 hour was higher than any other groups. The concentration of cTpn-I in postoperative 72 hour was statistically correlated with that in postoperative 24 hour and preoperative arterial oxygen saturation(P=0.001). Conclusion : Preoperative chronic cyanosis can influence on the postoperative concentration of cTpn-I in pediatric cardiac patients, which means impairment on the postoperative myocardial recovery.